Aleksandr Selyutin v. Board of Directors of the Skok ( 2020 )


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  •                          NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
    To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
    United States Court of Appeals
    For the Seventh Circuit
    Chicago, Illinois 60604
    Submitted June 30, 2020*
    Decided July 1, 2020
    Before
    JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge
    MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
    AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge
    No. 20-1104
    ALEKSANDR SELYUTIN,                                 Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                           Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
    Eastern Division.
    v.                                           No. 18 C 04572
    BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE      John Z. Lee,
    SKOKIE GARDENS CONDOMINIUM     Judge.
    ASSOCIATION, et al.,
    Defendants-Appellees.
    ORDER
    When the management of his condominium building refused to address his
    safety concerns, Aleksandr Selyutin sued them in federal district court, contending that
    they violated federal and state law. After allowing Selyutin to amend his complaint four
    times, the district court dismissed his federal claims with prejudice (for failure to state a
    * We have agreed to decide the case without oral argument because the briefs and
    record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would not
    significantly aid the court. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
    No. 20-1104                                                                         Page 2
    claim) and dismissed his state-law claims without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction.
    Selyutin appeals the district court’s refusal to allow him to amend his complaint a fifth
    time and argues that diversity jurisdiction covers his state-law claims. But because
    further amendment would have been futile, and because the district court appropriately
    relinquished supplemental jurisdiction over the state-law claims, we affirm.
    Selyutin alleges that he is from Ukraine and has a disability that produces
    “unusual responses to sensory experiences” and “resistance” to environmental changes.
    Since 2010, he has lived in a unit at Skokie Gardens Condominiums. Selyutin alleges
    that while living there, his unit and car have been burglarized and vandalized, and his
    upstairs neighbors have spied on him. He also alleges that he saw one of the children
    from the upstairs unit trying to break into his condo, and that on another occasion, a
    different child from the same unit threatened him. Furthermore, Selyutin maintains that
    for five years, his sleep was disturbed by loud noises from the upstairs unit similar to
    “high powered electrical tools or generators.”
    Selyutin reported these problems to his building manager and asked his condo
    association to install new security cameras, which it did. But it did not place them
    where Selyutin requested, and it denied his requests to give him the old cameras or
    personal access to the new security system. The association did not otherwise intervene
    to stop the harassment Selyutin reported.
    Selyutin sued the board of the condo association, the board’s president, and the
    building manager, asserting that they violated two provisions of the Fair Housing Act,
    42 U.S.C. § 3604. First, he contended that they failed to reasonably accommodate his
    disability by stopping the vandals, burglars, break-ins, and noise. 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3).
    Second, he argued that they fostered a hostile housing environment because of his
    disability and national origin. 42 U.S.C. § 3604(b). Selyutin also asserted claims under
    Illinois law for negligence and violation of the Illinois Condominium Property Act,
    765 ILCS 605/18.4.
    Selyutin amended his complaint several times. First, he did so pro se before he
    had served the defendants. Then he amended a second time after obtaining counsel in
    response to the defendants’ first motion to dismiss. (This counsel-assisted complaint
    was the first one to invoke the Fair Housing Act, alleging that the defendants created a
    hostile environment and failed to accommodate him.) The defendants again moved to
    dismiss. They argued that (1) Selyutin’s hostile-environment claim failed because he did
    not allege that the harassment was based on a protected characteristic; and (2) his
    failure-to-accommodate claim failed because he did not allege that preventing
    No. 20-1104                                                                          Page 3
    break-ins, noise, or other unwanted activity would help his disability. Selyutin
    amended twice in response to this motion. The defendants replied with their third (and
    final) motion to dismiss, arguing that the complaint still did not allege that the
    harassment was based on a protected status or that the requested accommodation
    would ease the consequences of Selyutin’s disability.
    After the parties had fully briefed the third motion to dismiss, Selyutin moved
    pro se for leave to file a fifth amended complaint. (Selyutin explained that he was again
    acting pro se because of a “conflict of interest” with his attorney.) The court denied
    Selyutin leave to amend because the motion to dismiss was already fully briefed. But at
    a hearing on Selyutin’s request, the judge told him that he would have another chance
    to amend his complaint after the court ruled on the defendants’ motion.
    The court then granted the motion to dismiss, accepting the arguments that
    defendants raised in their last two motions. First the court ruled that Selyutin had failed
    to state an accommodation claim under the Fair Housing Act because he alleged
    conditions that would bother anyone, not conditions to which he was particularly
    susceptible because of his disability. See Valencia v. City of Springfield, 
    883 F.3d 959
    , 968
    (7th Cir. 2018). The court next ruled that Selyutin’s hostile-environment claim failed
    because he did not allege facts plausibly suggesting that the vandals, burglars, or other
    harassers mistreated him because of a protected characteristic. See Wetzel v. Glen St.
    Andrew Living Cmty., LLC, 
    901 F.3d 856
    , 861–62 (7th Cir. 2018). Because Selyutin failed to
    state a claim under federal law, the court relinquished supplemental jurisdiction over
    the state-law claims and dismissed them without prejudice. Finally, the court
    reconsidered its intention to grant Selyutin leave to amend. It noted that Selyutin had
    already amended his complaint four times—twice in response to the defendants’
    motions to dismiss—and it explained that Selyutin’s proposed fifth amended complaint
    did not contain any facts that would save his federal claims. The court thus concluded
    that any further amendment would be futile.
    On appeal, Selyutin contends that the district court erred by dismissing his
    complaint without granting him further leave to amend. (He does not challenge the
    underlying decision to grant the motion to dismiss.) We review the denial of leave to
    amend the complaint for abuse of discretion. Access Living of Metro. Chicago v. Uber
    Techs., Inc., 
    958 F.3d 604
    , 609 (7th Cir. 2020).
    Selyutin first argues that the district judge impermissibly contradicted himself by
    failing to allow a fifth amended complaint after stating at the earlier hearing that he
    would. But district judges are not bound by their oral remarks from the bench. Healix
    No. 20-1104                                                                          Page 4
    Infusion Therapy, Inc. v. Heartland Home Infusions, Inc., 
    733 F.3d 700
    , 704–05 (7th Cir.
    2013). When a judge’s oral statements contradict a later written opinion, as here, the
    written opinion controls. And because the judge’s written order here explained his
    reasons for denying leave to amend, “his oral remarks are unimportant.”
    Id. Selyutin next
    maintains that, apart from the judge’s comments at the earlier
    hearing, the district court was required to grant him leave to amend at least once after
    ruling on a motion to dismiss. He argues that, although he had already amended his
    complaint several times to respond to the defendants’ motions, he was entitled to
    amend the complaint at least once more after the court itself pointed out his complaint’s
    deficiencies. Selyutin is correct that “[i]n the usual case, we look only to decisions of the
    court to determine whether the plaintiffs knew of faults with their complaint.” Pension
    Tr. Fund for Operating Eng’rs v. Kohl's Corp., 
    895 F.3d 933
    , 941 (7th Cir. 2018). But when a
    plaintiff has already amended several times, the defendants have flagged the same
    deficiencies in multiple motions to dismiss, and the district court dismisses based on
    those defects, the plaintiff’s failure to remedy those deficiencies can justify a ruling that
    further amendment would be futile.
    Id. (citing Huon
    v. Denton, 
    841 F.3d 733
    , 745–46
    (7th Cir. 2016)). And the district court’s dismissal here was based on its conclusion that,
    in light of Selyutin’s recurring inability to cure the defects twice identified by the
    defendants, further amendment would be futile.
    We see no abuse of discretion in that conclusion. Even on appeal, Selyutin does
    not explain how he would revive his accommodation claim. And as for his
    hostile-environment claim, the only allegation that he proposes to show that his
    harassment was motivated by his disability or national origin is that he overheard a
    neighbor call him a “crazy Russian.” This isolated statement—from a non-defendant
    who was not one of Selyutin’s alleged harassers—is far too attenuated from the rest of
    Selyutin’s allegations to plausibly suggest that it reflects the defendants’ or his
    harassers’ motivations. Because Selyutin cannot identify allegations that would cure the
    defects in his complaint, reversal is inappropriate. Pension Tr. 
    Fund, 895 F.3d at 942
    .
    Selyutin’s remaining two arguments merit only brief discussion. First, he
    contends that, rather than relinquish supplemental jurisdiction over the state-law
    claims, the district court should have exercised diversity jurisdiction because the condo
    board president lives and conducts business in Florida. But the condo association is a
    nonprofit corporation that is incorporated in Illinois, so it is a citizen of Illinois like
    Selyutin. See CCC Info. Servs., Inc. v. Am. Salvage Pool Ass’n, 
    230 F.3d 342
    , 346 (7th Cir.
    2000). Second, Selyutin contends that his lawyer provided ineffective assistance of
    No. 20-1104                                                                              Page 5
    counsel, but that is not a ground for reversal in a civil case. See Pendell v. City of Peoria,
    
    799 F.3d 916
    , 918 (7th Cir. 2015).
    AFFIRMED
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 20-1104

Judges: Per Curiam

Filed Date: 7/1/2020

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 7/1/2020