Gary Wilson v. City of Evansville ( 2018 )

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted November 21, 2018*
Decided November 26, 2018
Before
JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge
DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge
MICHAEL Y. SCUDDER, Circuit Judge
Nos. 18-1561 & 18-2755
GARY WILSON, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Southern District of Indiana,
Evansville Division.
v.
No. 3:16-cv-00039-TWP-MPB
CITY OF EVANSVILLE, et al., Tanya Walton Pratt,
Defendants-Appellees. Judge.
ORDER
Gary Wilson brought an excessive-force claim against two police officers who
arrested him. The district judge entered summary judgment for the defendants. On
appeal, Wilson argues that the officers unlawfully deprived him of crucial evidence of
their use of force when they did not turn on their body cameras during the arrest.
* We have agreed to decide this case without oral argument because the briefs
and record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would
not significantly aid the court. FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
Nos. 18-1561 & 18-2755 Page 2
Because Wilson did not raise this theory of his case when opposing the motion for
summary judgment, the argument is waived, and so we affirm the judgment.
We recite the undisputed facts in the light most favorable to Wilson and give him
the benefit of all reasonable inferences that may be drawn from the record. Horton v.
Pobjecky, 883 F.3d 941, 944 (7th Cir. 2018). City of Evansville Police Officers Bryan
Underwood and Jonathan Oakley struck and tased Wilson while seizing him, even
though Wilson contends that he never resisted arrest. Wilson sustained a cut and two
black eyes and continues to suffer blurred vision, occasional tremors, and a fear of
police. Underwood and Oakley were wearing body cameras while making the arrest
but never turned them on. They joked after the arrest that the cameras were not
working.
Wilson sued Underwood and Oakley for using excessive force to arrest him and
for failing to protect him from harm. After discovery, the defendants moved for
summary judgment. Wilson, who was represented by counsel, opposed the motion,
arguing in relevant part that Underwood’s and Oakley’s conduct and comments
regarding their body cameras “demonstrat[ed] the officers’ intent to use excessive
force.” According to the district judge, however, the record showed that Wilson was
known to be unfriendly to police and to carry pepper spray or a knife; he fled to evade
arrest and was told to “quit resisting”; and the police stopped using force once both
hands were in handcuffs. Therefore, the district court entered summary judgment for
the defendants, concluding that a reasonable jury could not find that the force used was
excessive and that the officers were otherwise entitled to qualified immunity.
Wilson, pro se, moved for reconsideration, arguing for the first time that by not
turning on their body cameras, Underwood and Oakley “failed to preserve” evidence of
their misconduct and therefore violated his due-process rights. He also moved to
compel the production of a third officer’s body-camera footage, which Underwood
mentioned during his deposition. That footage, Underwood said, depicted “the part
where we were talking about what happened with our sergeant.” The judge denied
both motions.
On appeal, Wilson again asserts that the officers violated his due-process rights
by not turning on their body cameras before seizing him, and he challenges the district
judge’s denial of his post-judgment motion to compel. He adds that the City of
Evansville failed to train its officers sufficiently on the proper use of body cameras. The
officers and the City respond that Wilson waived his arguments.
Nos. 18-1561 & 18-2755 Page 3
We agree with the appellees. An appellant waives the right to argue an issue on
appeal if he does not raise it in the district court first. Scheurer v. Fromm Family Foods
LLC, 863 F.3d 748, 755 (7th Cir. 2017); Robyns v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 130 F.3d
1231, 1237–38 (7th Cir. 1997). At the summary-judgment stage, Wilson did not mention
the City’s purported failure to train the officers. With respect to the body cameras,
Wilson argued solely that the officers’ failure to turn on their cameras demonstrated
their intent to use excessive force. He did not argue that the officers unlawfully failed to
turn on their body cameras or that he was prejudiced by the lack of video evidence. Nor
did he present an “affidavit or declaration [showing] that, for specified reasons, [he
could not] present facts essential to justify [his] opposition” to the summary-judgment
motion. See FED. R. CIV. P. 56(d). Through that procedure, Wilson could have argued
that he needed the third officer’s body-camera footage to establish a dispute of material
fact for his excessive-force and failure-to-protect claims. He did not; therefore, he cannot
raise that theory on appeal. For that matter, it also was too late when he raised his
“due-process” argument for the first time in his motion to reconsider, see Fenster v.
Tepfer & Spitz, Ltd., 301 F.3d 851, 859 (7th Cir. 2002), so the judge did not abuse her
discretion in denying that motion.
For similar reasons, the judge also did not abuse her discretion in declining to
reopen discovery after she entered summary judgment. See Hassebrock v. Bernhoft,
815 F.3d 334, 341 (7th Cir. 2016). Underwood’s deposition revealed the existence of the
third officer’s body-camera footage. Thus, Wilson could have moved to compel its
production before the summary-judgment stage, or again, he could have sought it
pursuant to Rule 56(d) after the defendants moved for summary judgment.
Therefore, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.