Nicole Moisant v. Air Midwest ( 2002 )

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 01-2617
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Nicole Moisant, *
*
Appellant, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the Western
* District of Missouri.
Air Midwest, Inc., *
*
Appellee. *
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Submitted: March 13, 2002
Filed: June 6, 2002 (Corrected 6/11/02)
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Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, HEANEY, and RILEY, Circuit Judges.
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MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.
Nicole Moisant appeals the decision of the district court to enter judgment as
a matter of law in favor of her employer, Air Midwest, Inc., in her action under
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e through § 2000e-17,
and the Missouri Human Rights Act, see Mo. Rev. Stat. § 213.010 through § 213.137.
We affirm the district court's judgment in part and reverse it in part.
I.
Ms. Moisant claimed that Sam Stillwell, a ramp supervisor for Air Midwest,
created a hostile work environment by harassing her on a number of occasions. On
the first occasion, she testified, Mr. Stillwell made an offensive comment to her that
she considered sexual harassment. On the second occasion, according to
Ms. Moisant, Mr. Stillwell belittled her and criticized her work performance because
she had rebuffed his advances. The third of the incidents that formed the basis of her
complaint was very serious: Ms. Moisant said that Mr. Stillwell sexually assaulted
her.
The circumstances under which an employer may be held liable under Title VII
for the acts of a supervisory employee whose sexual harassment of a subordinate has
created a hostile work environment are set forth in Faragher v. City of Boca Raton,
524 U.S. 775 (1998). Under that case, an employer is vicariously liable unless the
employer can affirmatively show, among other things, that the employee
"unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities"
that the employer provided or failed to avoid harm in some way. Id. at 807; see also
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742, 764-65 (1998). We believe that
identical principles would apply to claims under the Missouri Human Rights Act. See
Lowry v. Powerscreen USB, Inc., 72 F. Supp. 2d 1061, 1070, 1073 n.12 (E.D. Mo.
1999).
The fact that Ms. Moisant did not complain to Air Midwest that Mr. Stillwell's
behavior in the second incident that formed the basis of her complaint was in any way
related to Mr. Stillwell's sexual harassment of her provides Air Midwest with a
defense to liability based on that incident. Ms. Moisant did, however, take advantage
of Air Midwest's procedures with respect to the other two incidents, and Air Midwest
took prompt and appropriate action in response. In fact, after it investigated the third
event, Air Midwest terminated Mr. Stillwell's employment.
Although Air Midwest acted promptly to provide appropriate remedies for the
events of which Ms. Moisant complained, that does not immunize them from the
vicarious liability that Faragher imposes. In granting judgment as a matter of law,
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perhaps the district court had in mind the rule that prompt remedial action will shield
an employer from liability when the complaint against it is bottomed on acts
committed by a plaintiff's co-worker rather than by a supervisor. See e.g., Bailey v.
Anchor Packaging, 216 F.3d 720, 720 (8th Cir. 2000) (per curiam). But that is not
this case. The present case was tried, at least partly, on the theory that Mr. Stillwell
was Ms. Moisant's supervisor, and there was ample evidence in the record that he was
her supervisor as that term is defined in the relevant cases. See Faragher, 524 U.S.
at 807; see also Todd v. Ortho Biotech, Inc., 175 F.3d 595, 598 (8th Cir. 1999). It
follows that the district court erred with respect to Ms. Moisant's hostile environment
claim and that the court's judgment must in this respect be reversed.
II.
Ms. Moisant also claimed that Air Midwest retaliated against her when she
complained about Mr. Stillwell's actions and that Air Midwest constructively
discharged her. In support of these claims, she points to evidence that after the third
incident involving Mr. Stillwell, Air Midwest gave her leave with pay while it
conducted an investigation, that Air Midwest thereafter reprimanded her in writing,
that some of her co-workers treated her poorly, and that as a result of these
occurrences she resigned her employment.
In order to make out a case of retaliation under Title VII, Ms. Moisant must
show that she engaged in an activity protected by that act, that there was some
adverse action taken against her (such as a tangible change in her job duties or
working conditions), and that a causal connection existed between her participation
in the protected activity and the adverse employment action. See Buettner v. Arch
Coal Sales Co., 216 F.3d 707, 713-14 (8th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1077
(2001). We have held that to establish an adverse employment action an employee
must show a "tangible change in duties or working conditions that constituted a
material employment disadvantage," Manning v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 127 F.3d
686, 692 (8th Cir. 1997), or a "material change in the terms or conditions of her
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employment," Ledergerber v. Stangler, 122 F.3d 1142, 1144 (8th Cir. 1997). A claim
under the Missouri Human Rights Act requires the same kind of showing. See
Buettner, 216 F.3d at 715 n.8.
We conclude that what Ms. Moisant calls a "suspension with pay" was not an
adverse employment action within the meaning of the relevant cases because Air
Midwest simply allowed Ms. Moisant to remain at home to recover from the sexual
assault that she said had occurred: There was no change whatever in her position at
Air Midwest. The written reprimand of which she complains was the result of facts
that came to light during Air Midwest’s investigation of her complaint, and the record
will not support a finding that it was the result of an investigation intended to harass
or intimidate her. Ms. Moisant therefore suffered no "material employment
disadvantage," Manning, 127 F.3d at 692, as a result of either the leave with pay or
the reprimand.
The poor treatment of Ms. Moisant by her co-workers cannot be characterized
as an adverse action by Air Midwest. Some of Ms. Moisant's co-workers evidently
devised a petition to have her terminated, but the management of Air Midwest did
not allow the petition to circulate, and it did not change Ms. Moisant's position at Air
Midwest. According to Ms. Moisant’s testimony, two or three co-workers ignored
her or refused to stay in the room with her after Mr. Stillwell's employment was
terminated, but she admitted that ten or twelve co-workers, including everyone in Air
Midwest's management and her supervisors, treated her fairly and with respect.
Ms. Moisant was allowed to leave work early, moreover, when the behavior of her
co-workers bothered her. Perhaps most importantly, Air Midwest was never afforded
the opportunity to put a stop to the behavior or to determine if it would disappear over
time because Ms. Moisant worked parts of only two days after Mr. Stillwell was
terminated before resigning her employment.
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Ms. Moisant's claim that she was constructively discharged likewise fails. To
prevail on a claim that she was constructively discharged, an employee must show
that her employer deliberately created objectively intolerable working conditions with
the intention of forcing the employee to resign and that the employee actually
resigned as a result of those conditions. See Summit v. S-B Power Tool, 121 F.3d
416, 421 (8th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1004 (1998). The working conditions
of which Ms. Moisant complains not only did not rise to the level of adverse actions
by Air Midwest, they also did not create intolerable working conditions within the
meaning of the relevant cases. See id.
III.
For the reasons indicated, we affirm the trial court's judgment in part, reverse
it in part and remand for further proceeding not inconsistent with this opinion.
A true copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.
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