Timothy Vondersaar v. Starbucks Corp. ( 2018 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
APR 16 2018
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
TIMOTHY VONDERSAAR, individually No. 16-56555
and on behalf of other members of the
general public similarly situated; D.C. No.
ORLANDIS HARDY, Jr., individually 2:12-cv-05027-DDP-AJW
and on behalf of other members of the
general public similarly situated;
JAAROME WILSON, individually and on MEMORANDUM*
behalf of other members of the general
public similarly situated; BERNARD
TARUC, individually and on behalf of
other members of the general public
similarly situated,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
STARBUCKS CORPORATION, a
Washington corporation,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Dean D. Pregerson, District Judge, Presiding
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Submitted April 12, 2018**
Pasadena, California
Before: ROGERS,*** BYBEE, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiffs are California residents who allege that beverage handoff counters
in Starbucks coffee shops exceed 36 inches in height in violation of the Americans
with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) Accessibility Guidelines. Plaintiffs filed this
putative class action seeking injunctive relief under Title III of the ADA, 42 U.S.C.
§ 12182, and damages under California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code
§ 51 et seq. The district court denied class certification on the ADA claim and
dismissed it as moot because Starbucks had already lowered all its beverage
handoff counters in California to be within the 36 inch maximum. The district
court also denied class certification on plaintiffs’ Unruh Act claim, declined
supplemental jurisdiction over that claim, and dismissed it without prejudice.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable John M. Rogers, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
2
Plaintiffs appeal only the denial of class certification on their Unruh Act
claim. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.1 “We review a district
court’s order on class certification for an abuse of discretion.” Parra v. Bashas’,
Inc., 536 F.3d 975, 977 (9th Cir. 2008). For the reasons stated below, we affirm.
Plaintiffs primarily argue that the district court abused its discretion by
failing to certify a class of individuals who were subject to a “discriminatory
service policy” that Starbucks allegedly maintained in stores with beverage handoff
counters exceeding 36 inches in height. Plaintiffs, however, pled no such class in
their Second Amended Complaint and never sought leave to amend to plead such a
class. The district court did not abuse its discretion by not certifying a class that
plaintiffs never pled.2
Nor did the district court abuse its discretion by declining to certify the
Unruh Act class that plaintiffs actually pled in the Second Amended Complaint
based on Starbucks’ alleged violation of the Accessibility Guidelines. Plaintiffs
1
Were we to agree with plaintiffs and reverse denial of class certification,
the district court’s decision to decline supplemental jurisdiction would not preclude
subject matter jurisdiction over this action because plaintiffs also assert jurisdiction
under the Class Action Fairness Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d).
2
Plaintiffs’ opening brief purports to quote the Second Amended Complaint
but adds the words “and a discriminatory service policy” to the proposed class
definitions. In fact, while these words are in plaintiffs’ motion for class
certification, they do not appear as class definitions or allegations in the complaint.
3
seek to certify a class under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(3) and must
therefore show, inter alia, that “questions of law or fact common to class members
predominate over any questions affecting only individual members.” Fed. R. Civ.
P. 23(b)(3). Here, however, class-wide issues do not predominate over the
numerous individual questions posed by plaintiffs’ Unruh Act claims, including
whether a class member is disabled, which Starbucks store or stores he visited,
how many visits he made, how high the handoff counter was at the time he visited,
whether he presented himself with the intent of purchasing a product, what that
product was and whether it would normally have been served via the handoff
counter, and whether the class member was actually denied full and equal access.
See Bartlett v. Hawaiian Vill., Inc., 151 Cal. Rptr. 392, 394 & n.6 (Cal. Ct. App.
1978) (Unruh Act claim required that “each plaintiff must independently establish
that he presented himself to The Club Baths and demanded admittance, that he
tendered the admission fee, that he was ejected or refused admission, that he
possessed one or more of the enumerated characteristics, and that his ejection or
exclusion was otherwise without good cause”); see also Cal. Civ. Code § 55.56(a)
(limiting damages under the Unruh Act to instances where violations of a
construction-related accessibility standard “denied the plaintiff full and equal
access to the place of public accommodation on a particular occasion”).
4
AFFIRMED.
5