Lhf Productions Inc. v. Aaron Lightner ( 2018 )

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
JUN 18 2018
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LHF PRODUCTIONS INC., No. 17-35237
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00552-RSM
v.
MEMORANDUM*
DOE 1,
Defendant,
and
AARON LIGHTNER, agent of Doe 8;
DONALD REDDISH, agent of Doe 9;
ALEXANDER CAUTHORN, agent of
Doe 10,
Defendants-Appellees.
LHF PRODUCTIONS INC., No. 17-35243
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00621-RSM
v.
DOE 1,
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Defendant,
and
ROSELEN TORRES, agent of Doe 13;
SHERWIN MENDOZA,
Defendants-Appellees.
LHF PRODUCTIONS INC., No. 17-35249
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-01015-RSM
v.
DOE 1,
Defendant,
and
LAUREN BURKS, agent of Doe 1;
WILLIAM AELY, agent of Doe 2;
TAMIKA GREENE, agent of Doe 5;
CURTIS STOUT, agent of Doe 6;
DONALD SMITH, agent of Doe 8; LUCY
GATHU, agent of Doe 10; DOUGLAS
COTTRELL, agent of Doe 12; DAVID
ALVAREZ, Jr., agent of Doe 13,
Defendants-Appellees.
LHF PRODUCTIONS INC., No. 17-35250
2
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00865-RSM
v.
DOE 1,
Defendant,
and
PAUL CAIN, agent of Doe 2; BOUN
BOSAKOUONTHONG, agent of Doe 5;
SAMANTHA SMITH, agent of Doe 7;
ANDREW BRADLEEY, agent of Doe 8;
EDWARD BROWN, agent of Doe 11,
Defendants-Appellees.
LHF PRODUCTIONS INC., No. 17-35253
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00623-RSM
v.
DOE 1,
Defendant,
and
SIKOTORSKI ROMAN, agent of Doe 4;
STANLEY RUGUIAN, agent of Doe 5;
KIEL RAMTHUN, agent of Doe 6;
NICHOLAS ENGLISH, agent of Doe 14,
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Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Washington
Ricardo S. Martinez, Chief Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted May 18, 2018
Seattle, Washington
Before: BERZON and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and DEARIE,** District Judge.
LHF Productions Inc. (“LHF”) appeals (1) the district court’s decision to
grant a single statutory damages award in each of the five cases consolidated on
appeal, for which the defendants in each case are jointly and severally liable; and
(2) the attorney’s fees awarded. We affirm.
1. Each complaint filed by LHF joined the participants in a single BitTorrent
“swarm.” The “swarm” downloaded and, together, uploaded the same digital file
copy of a movie, London Has Fallen. The complaints stated that the defendants’
actions were “part of a common design, intention and purpose” to infringe “the
exact same unique copy of [LHF’s] movie,” that the defendants “agreed with one
another to use the Internet and BitTorrent technology” to violate the federal
copyright laws, that they “jointly and collectively supported and advanced an
**
The Honorable Raymond J. Dearie, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
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economic business model of profiting from the piracy of [LHF]’s copyrighted
work,” and, most explicitly, that “each Defendant knowingly and actively
participated in a conspiracy to perform an illegal act and/or injure [LHF] through
use of the BitTorrent protocol to infringe [LHF]’s copyrighted work.”
LHF was awarded default judgments in the cases consolidated on appeal.
“Upon entry of a default judgment, facts alleged to establish liability are binding . .
. and . . . may not be relitigated on appeal.” Danning v. Lavine, 572 F.2d 1386,
1388 (9th Cir. 1978). The factual allegations in its complaints are therefore taken
as true, see Garamendi v. Henin, 683 F.3d 1069, 1080 (9th Cir. 2012); Geddes v.
United Fin. Grp., 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th Cir.1977) (per curiam), including that the
defendants in each case “actively participated in a conspiracy” and “jointly and
collectively” infringed LHF’s copyright. These allegations establish that the
defendants are jointly and severally liable as a matter of law. See Oki
Semiconductor Co. v. Wells Fargo Bank, Nat’l Ass’n, 298 F.3d 768, 775 (9th Cir.
2002) (holding conspirators jointly and severally liable).
Under federal copyright law, the copyright owner may elect to recover “an
award of statutory damages for all infringements involved in the action, with
respect to any one work, for which any one infringer is liable individually, or for
which any two or more infringers are liable jointly and severally.” 17 U.S.C. §
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504(c)(1) (emphasis added). In each of the consolidated cases, the district court
properly awarded a single award of statutory damages for the infringement of the
only work here at issue, for which the named defendants are, on the allegations in
the complaint, jointly and severally liable.
2. LHF also appeals the amount of attorneys’ fees awarded by the district
court. The district court properly surveyed the rates charged by “attorneys of
comparable experience, skill and reputation” in the relevant community. Carson v.
Billings Police Dep’t, 470 F.3d 889, 892 (9th Cir. 2006). In similar cases brought
against BitTorrent participants for copyright infringement, Western District of
Washington courts have found hourly rates ranging from $200-$350 appropriate.
See Qotd Film Inv. Ltd. v. Starr, No. C16-0371RSL, 2016 WL 5817027, at *3
(W.D. Wash. Oct. 5, 2016) (collecting cases); Dallas Buyers Club, LLC v. Nydam,
No. C14-1684RAJ, 2016 WL 7719874, at *6 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 8, 2016)
(determining that an hourly rate of $300 was appropriate).
The cases relied upon by LHF in which courts awarded higher fees did not
involve “similar services.” Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 895 n.11 (1984). LHF,
predictably, encountered little opposition in obtaining default judgments. The
cases in which higher hourly rates were awarded were significantly more
complicated; they involved discovery, summary judgment motions, and
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evidentiary hearings. See BWP Media USA Inc. v. Rich Kids Clothing Co., 103 F.
Supp. 3d 1242, 1249–50 (W.D. Wash. 2015); Getty Images (U.S.), Inc. v. Virtual
Clinics, No. C13-0626JLR, 2014 WL 1744522, at *3 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 29, 2014);
Little Genie Prods. LLC v. PHSI Inc., No. 2:12–cv–00357–RSM, 2014 WL
3050326, at *10 (W.D. Wash. July 2, 2014). Moreover, that LHF’s attorney
typically charges higher rates is immaterial. The reasonable hourly rate is
determined by reference to the prevailing local rate for comparable work, not “by
reference to rates actually charged the prevailing party.” Chalmers v. City of Los
Angeles, 796 F.2d 1205, 1210–11 (9th Cir. 1986).
Finally, the district court properly evaluated the amount of time LHF’s
attorney reasonably spent on these cases, in which he filed essentially form
pleadings. The district court’s overall award of attorney’s fees was therefore not
an abuse of discretion.
AFFIRMED.
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