Surinder Bains v. Eric Arnold ( 2019 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DEC 24 2019
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
SURINDER BAINS, No. 17-72069
Applicant,
v. ORDER*
ERIC ARNOLD, Warden,
Respondent.
Application for Permission to File a Second or Successive Habeas Corpus Petition
Argued and Submitted December 4, 2019
San Francisco, California
Before: CALLAHAN and BADE, Circuit Judges, and BOUGH,* * District Judge.
Surinder Bains seeks leave to file a second or successive habeas petition
challenging his 1994 state murder conviction based on Brady materials and other
evidence undermining the credibility of an inmate informant who testified at
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable Stephen R. Bough, United States District Judge
for the Western District of Missouri, sitting by designation.
Bains’s trial. We deny the application for permission to file a second or successive
petition.1
Bains and his co-defendant, Rafael Hidalgo, were tried and found guilty of
first-degree murder in 1994. Their convictions were affirmed on direct appeal by
the California Court of Appeal, Sixth Appellate District, in 1996, and the
California Supreme Court denied review in May 1997. Bains filed a habeas corpus
petition in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California,
which was denied in August 1998. We affirmed the denial of Bains’s petition in
March 2000, Bains v. Cambra, 204 F.3d 964 (9th Cir. 2000), and the Supreme
Court denied certiorari. Bains v. Cambra, 531 U.S. 1037 (2000).
Bains filed a successive habeas petition in the state trial court in August
2010 based on a 2007 declaration by Raymond Delgado, the jailhouse informant
who had testified against Bains at his trial. Bains asserted violations of his rights
under Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964), and Brady v. Maryland, 373
U.S. 83 (1963), alleging that the declaration showed “that Delgado was an agent of
law enforcement who testified falsely based on information provided by the
prosecution team -- facts which must have been known to the prosecution but were
1
Because the parties are familiar with the facts of this application, we
do not discuss them at length here.
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not disclosed to the defense.” In addition, Bains pointed to a May 20, 1993 note
from a lead investigating detective to the prosecutor relaying that Delgado had a
number of non-negotiable demands that had to be met before he would testify
against Bains. Bains alleged that the note was not disclosed to defense counsel.
After briefing, discovery, and an evidentiary hearing, the superior court
denied Bains’s petition. The court noted that Delgado had testified “that the 2007
declaration was entirely false; that he had been paid to sign it; and that he was
‘running a scam’ on Petitioner’s family to obtain money.” The superior court also
found that there was no evidence that any of Delgado’s demands listed in the
investigator’s note were actually met, and that Delgado was offered no inducement
for his testimony, but that he nonetheless testified at Bains’s trial. Bains filed a
habeas petition with the California Court of Appeal, Sixth Appellate District,
which denied the petition in August 2016, and the California Supreme Court
summarily denied his habeas petition in May 2017.
In July 2017, Bains filed his Application for Permission to File a Second or
Successive Habeas Petition.2 The Application was stayed pending our decision in
2
The application is also supported by an October 18, 2013 declaration
by a former employee of the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office stating that
between 1976 and 1981 it was a common practice to place informants with the
general jail population.
3
Brown v. Muniz, 889 F.3d 661 (9th Cir. 2018), cert. denied sub nom. Brown v.
Hatton, 139 S. Ct. 841 (2019). We subsequently determined that the Application
raised issues that warranted a response, directed California to file a response, and
calendared the Application for oral argument.
28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(2) provides that a second or successive habeas
application “shall be dismissed” unless
(A) the applicant shows that the claim relies on a new rule of
constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by
the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable; or
(B)(i) the factual predicate for the claim could not have been
discovered previously through the exercise of due diligence; and
(ii) the facts underlying the claim, if proven and viewed in light of the
evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear and
convincing evidence that, but for constitutional error, no reasonable
factfinder would have found the applicant guilty of the underlying
offense.
Bains does not rely on any new rule of constitutional law, therefore he must satisfy
the requirements of subsection (B).
Bains has not made the requisite showing to come within subsection (B)(i).
In Brown, we held that, for the purpose of subsection (B)(i), a Brady “violation
occurs at the time the State should have disclosed the exculpatory evidence,” not
when the defendant actually learns of the claim. Brown, 889 F.3d at 672-73.
4
Bains does not argue that the Brady material could not have been discovered
earlier, but asserts that Brown can be distinguished on the ground that unlike in
Brown, here the Brady document was material. However, in Brown we held that
we were bound by § 2244(b), which “makes no distinction based on the materiality
of predicate facts.” Id. at 673. Accordingly, we conclude that Bains’s Application
does not meet the requirements of § 2244(b)(2)(B)(i).
We also conclude that Bains has not made the requisite showing of actual
innocence to come within § 2244(b)(2)(B)(ii). The Brady material, the
investigator’s note, and the sheriff’s office employee’s declaration all concern the
credibility of Delgado, the “jail house snitch,” who only met Bains in jail after
Bains was detained. Moreover, the state court, after an evidentiary hearing,
determined that Delgado’s 2007 recantation was itself a scam. Also, the sheriff’s
office employee’s 2013 declaration appears cumulative of the information
produced when Bains’s Massiah claim was denied before trial.
Critically, none of allegations concerning Delgado undermine or
compromise the other evidence of Bains’s guilt. As Judge Silverman noted in his
concurring opinion in Bains, 204 F.3d at 978, there was substantial evidence of
Bains’s guilt, including inferences from Bains’s own statements, that Rafael
Hidalgo murdered Gurmeet Shergill at Bains’s behest. Accordingly, Bains has not
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made the requisite showing to satisfy the criteria for bringing a second or
successive petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(2)(B)(ii). See Landrigan v. Trujillo,
623 F.3d 1253, 1257 n.6 (9th Cir. 2010) (requiring “a sufficient showing of
possible merit to warrant a fuller exploration by the district court”).
The Application for Permission to File a Second or Successive Habeas
Corpus Petition is DENIED.
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