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FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION MAR 11 2010 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT DANIEL REYES, No. 08-56873 Plaintiff - Appellant, D.C. No. 2:07-cv-03767-GAF-JWJ v. MEMORANDUM * CITY OF PICO-RIVERA; DONALD GRAYSON, Defendants - Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Gary A. Feess, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted March 4, 2010 Pasadena, California Before: CANBY, GOULD and IKUTA, Circuit Judges. Daniel Reyes appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the City of Pico-Rivera (the “City”) and Donald Grayson in a stigma-plus procedural due process claim Reyes brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. We have jurisdiction * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3. under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and, reviewing de novo, see, e.g., Vernon v. City of Los Angeles,
27 F.3d 1385, 1391 (9th Cir. 1994), we affirm. Although “[t]he termination of a public employee which includes publication of stigmatizing charges triggers due process protections,” Reyes was not entitled to a name-clearing hearing because “there [was] [no] public disclosure of the charge.” Mustafa v. Clark County Sch. Dist.,
157 F.3d 1169, 1179 (9th Cir. 1998).1 Grayson’s dissemination of an allegedly stigmatizing report to two City decision-makers did not, on its own, constitute publication, because there was no public disclosure. See Wenger v. Monroe,
282 F.3d 1068, 1074 n.5 (9th Cir. 2002). Similarly, the provision of the allegedly stigmatizing information to opposing counsel during discovery in a related lawsuit did not constitute publication, both because it lacked the “public” element contemplated by our stigma-plus cases, and because adopting such a rule would inhibit “forthright and truthful communication . . . between litigants.” Bishop v. Wood,
426 U.S. 341, 348-49 (1976).2 Accordingly, because no reasonable trier of fact could find that 1 We do not accept Reyes’s suggestion at oral argument that California state law governing the privacy of medical records somehow diminishes the requirement of publication for a violation of § 1983 on a theory of stigma-plus discharge. 2 We reject Reyes’s attempt to distinguish Bishop on the basis of differences in the nature of the stigmatizing information at issue. 2 the allegedly stigmatizing report was publicly disclosed, the district court properly granted summary judgment to the City and Grayson.3 AFFIRMED. 3 We do not reach the district court’s alternative holding that summary judgment was warranted on the ground that Reyes’s § 1983 claim was time-barred. 3
Document Info
Docket Number: 08-56873
Citation Numbers: 370 F. App'x 844
Filed Date: 3/11/2010
Precedential Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 1/12/2023