United States v. Escobar-Ponce , 199 F. App'x 674 ( 2006 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
September 19, 2006
TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 05-2382
v.
(D.C. No. CR-04-109)
(New Mexico)
ARTURO ESCOBAR-PONCE,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before McWILLIAMS, Senior Circuit Judge, BALDOCK, Senior Circuit Judge, and
BRORBY, Senior Circuit Judge.
By a criminal information filed on January 21, 2004, in the United States District
Court for the District of New Mexico, Arturo Escobar-Ponce (the defendant), an alien,
was charged with having been found on October 7, 2003, in Dona Ana County, in the
State of New Mexico, after having been convicted of an aggravated felony as described in
8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43), which was Attempted Voluntary Manslaughter, and having been
deported and departed from the United States on or about April 14, 2003, in violation of 8
U.S.C. §1326(a)(1) and (2), and 8 U.S.C. § 1326 (b)(2). The defendant, personally and
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
through his court appointed attorney, waived prosecution by indictment and consented to
proceedings before a United States Magistrate Judge. On January 21, 2004, before the
Magistrate Judge, the defendant pled guilty to the crime charged in the information, the
defendant, at the time, being represented by appointed counsel. A presentence
investigation was then ordered.
The Pre-Sentence Report (PSR) fixed defendant’s base offense level at 8 levels.
The PSR then recommended that the base offense level be raised by 16 levels pursuant to
U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) which provides that, if a person found in the United States
after he had been previously deported after a conviction for a felony that was a crime of
violence, his base offense level should be raised by 16 levels. In support of this
recommendation, the PSR stated that on February 10, 1992, the defendant had been
convicted for Assault with a Firearm and Attempted Murder in the Los Angeles,
California, Superior Court and sentenced to 18.6 years imprisonment. Accordingly,
defendant’s base offense level was raised from 8 to 24 levels. After lowering defendant’s
adjusted offense level by 3 levels for acceptance of responsibility, the PSR set
defendant’s total offense level at 21.
The PSR set defendant’s criminal history category at VI, based on, inter alia, (1) a
conviction in 1987 for burglary of a habitation and robbery, (2) a conviction in 1992 in
the Los Angeles California Superior Court for Assault with a Firearm and Attempted
Murder, (3) a conviction in 1992 for possession of a controlled substance, and (4) a
conviction in 2002 for attempted theft of an automobile. With a total offense level of 21
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and a criminal history category of VI, the guideline range was imprisonment for 77 to 96
months.
On June 4, 2004, counsel who had prior thereto represented defendant was
permitted to withdraw from the case and new counsel was thereafter appointed to
represent the defendant, who thereafter continued to represent defendant in the district
court and was later appointed by this court to represent defendant in this court.
In response to the PSR, counsel filed for the defendant an objection to the PSR and
also filed a motion for downward departure. Specifically, the defendant objected to the
16 level increase of his base offense level, relying on the then recently announced Blakely
v. Washington, 542 U.S. 286 (2004). The defendant’s Motion for Downward Departure
was based on family circumstances, and the like.
The case was initially set for sentencing on October 5, 2004. On that date the
district court continued the sentencing pending the resolution of United States v. Booker
which was then pending before the Supreme Court. United States v. Booker was decided
on January 12, 2005, and now appears as United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005).
The present case then came on for sentencing on October 5, 2005. By that time the
defendant had filed another objection to the PSR, claiming that in the calculation of his
criminal history category he should not have been assigned 3 criminal history points for
his 1987 burglary conviction because no interpreter was present at his change of plea
proceeding.
At the sentencing hearing on October 5, 2005, the district court, relying on United
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States v. Booker, denied defendant’s objection to the enhancement of his offense level by
16 levels based on his February 10, 1992 conviction, but granted his request that in
determining defendant’s criminal history category his 1987 burglary conviction should
not be included because no court interpreter was present at his arraignment. All of this
resulted in a criminal history category of V, instead of VI, and with an adjusted offense
level of 21, the guideline range was 70 to 87 months imprisonment. The district court
then sentenced defendant to imprisonment for 70 months.
On May 15, 2006, appointed counsel filed in this court defendant’s opening brief.
In that brief, counsel, after reviewing the facts and the applicable law, concluded that the
present appeal is “wholly frivolous and should be dismissed,” and that he should be
allowed to withdraw from the case. Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). In
response to counsel’s Anders brief, the United States Attorney’s Office later filed a
Notice of Intent Not to File a Response.
Counsel had served a copy of his Anders brief on the defendant and in connection
therewith asked that the defendant “be allowed to further explain his position to the court
should he so desire.” On July 18, 2006, the defendant filed in this court two separate
responses. The first one was labeled as “Objections” and stated his reasons why we
“should not affirm or dismiss my appeal.” In that particular response, the defendant
claimed “ineffective assistance of counsel” and cited instances of his perceived
derelictions by his appointed counsel. In his second response, the defendant complained
about his most recent deportation occurring on April 14, 2003, which was a predicate for
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the present action against him, i.e., returning to the United States after having been
deported.
Pursuant to our reading of Anders, supra, in United States v. Snitz, 342 F.3d 1154,
1157 (10th Cir. 2003), we spoke as follows:
The basic principle underlying the cited cases is that, aside from when an
appellant elects to proceed pro se, every direct criminal appeal must be
briefed on the merits by counsel and decided accordingly by the court
unless, after a thorough review of all pertinent proceedings, the appeal is
determined initially by counsel and then independently by the court to be
wholly frivolous. See generally Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259, 279-80
(discussing and applying Court’s present understanding of its ‘chief cases in
this area,’ including Anders, Penson, and McCoy.
In that same case, at 1158, citing McCoy v. Court of Appeals of Wisc. Dist. 1, 486
U.S. 429, 438-39 (1988), we then spoke as follows:
As for the professional responsibilities of counsel,
the appellate lawyer must master the trial record, thoroughly research the
law, and exercise judgment in identifying the arguments that may be
advanced on appeal . . . . Only after such an evaluation has led counsel to
the conclusion that the appeal is ‘wholly frivolous’ is counsel justified in
making a motion to withdraw. This is the central teaching of Anders.
McCoy, 486 U.S. at 438-39.
And finally, in Snitz at 1158, we then spoke as follows:
The court’s obligation does not end once it concludes that counsel reviewed
the record and found no error. Because it is ‘the court–not counsel’ that
ultimately ‘decides whether the case is wholly frivolous,’ Anders, 386 U.S.
at 744, counsel’s assessment triggers the final responsibility of the court,
which must ‘itself conduct a full examination of all the proceeding[s] to
decide whether the case is wholly frivolous.’ Penson, 488 U.S. at 80
(quoting Anders, 386 U.S. at 744).
We conclude that in the instant case, counsel for the defendant has followed the
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teaching of Snitz. Discharging our responsibility under Snitz, based on the record before
us, and after a full examination of the record and consideration of both the defendant’s
pro se response brief and the Anders brief filed by counsel, we conclude that there are no
non-frivolous issues upon which the defendant has a basis for appeal. United States v.
Calderon, 428 F.3d 928, 930 (10th Cir. 2005).
Defendant in his pro se response to counsel’s Anders brief suggests
“ineffectiveness” of trial counsel, a matter which of course cannot be raised on direct
appeal. United States v. Galloway, 56 F.3d 1239, 1240 (10th Cir. 1995). Defendant in
his pro se response also suggests that the validity of his deportation on April 14, 2003
was questionable. In this regard, the defendant pled guilty to the information which
alleged, inter alia, that the defendant was found in New Mexico after having been
lawfully deported from the United States on or about April 14, 2003. The trial record
does not indicate that the defendant sought to withdraw his guilty plea and, such being the
case, he cannot at this time challenge the lawfulness of his deportation on April 14, 2003.
Appeal dismissed and counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted.
.
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