Com. v. Bailey, D. ( 2022 )


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  • J-S07030-22
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :        PENNSYLVANIA
    :
    v.                             :
    :
    :
    DEMETRIUS BAILEY                           :
    :
    Appellant               :   No. 842 WDA 2021
    Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 8, 2021
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
    Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0006409-1994,
    CP-02-CR-0008102-1994
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :        PENNSYLVANIA
    :
    v.                             :
    :
    :
    DEMETRIUS BAILEY                           :
    :
    Appellant               :   No. 843 WDA 2021
    Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 8, 2021
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
    Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0006409-1994,
    CP-02-CR-0008102-1994
    BEFORE:      OLSON, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
    MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.:                                FILED: MAY 6, 2022
    Demetrius Bailey appeals pro se from the order dismissing his serial
    petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).
    See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
    ____________________________________________
    *   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
    J-S07030-22
    In 1994, Bailey shot Michael Sayles in the head after unsuccessfully
    demanding money from him, and then took money from Sayles’s pocket as
    he lay dead or dying. Following a consolidated trial, a jury convicted Bailey of
    second-degree-murder at docket 6409-1994, and robbery at docket 0008102-
    1994. The trial court sentenced Bailey to an aggregate mandatory term of life
    imprisonment.       This Court affirmed the judgment of sentence and our
    Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal. See Commonwealth v. Bailey,
    
    673 A.2d 398
     (Pa. Super. 1995) (unpublished memorandum); appeal denied,
    
    675 A.2d 1241
     (Pa. 1996).             Since then, Bailey has filed a total of six
    unsuccessful PCRA petitions.
    On August 28, 2020, Bailey filed the instant pro se PCRA petition, his
    seventh.1 The PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to
    dismiss the untimely petition without a hearing on the basis that it lacked
    jurisdiction to address the claims raised therein. Bailey filed a pro se response
    in opposition to the notice. On July 8, 2020, the PCRA court entered an order
    ____________________________________________
    1 The PCRA court initially determined that the instant petition is Bailey’s
    seventh PCRA petition. See Pa.R.Crim.P. Notice, 6/8/21, at ¶ 1. However,
    the PCRA court later determined that the instant petition is Bailey’s ninth
    petition. See Dismissal Order, 7/8/21, at 1. Our review of the record
    discloses that the petition before this Court is Bailey’s seventh PCRA petition.
    See Commonwealth v. Bailey, 
    222 A.3d 815
     (Pa. Super. 2019)
    (unpublished memorandum at *2) (concluding that Bailey’s most recent PCRA
    petition was his sixth petition).
    -2-
    J-S07030-22
    dismissing Bailey’s petition.       Bailey filed timely notices of appeal at each
    docket,2 and both he and the PCRA court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.3
    Bailey raises the following issues for our review:
    1. Whether PCRA counsel failed to file Bailey’s appellate brief in
    his first timely PCRA, should be reinstated nunc pro tunc [sic]
    . . ..
    2. Whether Martinez v. Ryan, [
    566 U.S. 1
     (2012),] is retroactive
    to “ineffectiveness – ti [sic]– trial - counsel claims due to
    procedural defaulted claims.
    3. Whether the prosecutor’s failure to disclose/turnover discovery
    materials violated Brady [v. Maryland, 
    373 U.S. 83
     (1963)].
    4. Whether Bailey is entitled to new trial base [sic] on newly
    discovered eyewitness evidence/after - discovered evidence in
    affidavits.
    Bailey’s Brief at unnumbered 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
    Our standard of review of an order dismissing a PCRA petition is well-
    settled:
    ____________________________________________
    2 This Court received two notices of appeal, one at each appeal docket. While
    each notice of appeal lists both trial court docket numbers, the notices differ
    in that each attaches the corresponding trial court docket.                See
    Commonwealth v. Johnson, 
    236 A.3d 1141
    , 1148 (Pa. Super. 2020) (en
    banc) (holding that so long as the appellant files separate notices of appeal at
    each trial court docket, the fact that the notices of appeal contain more than
    one trial court docket number is of no consequence); see also Pa.R.A.P.
    341(a) (requiring the filing of separate notices of appeal at each docket when
    a single order resolves issues arising on more than one trial court docket);
    Pa.R.A.P. 105(a) (providing that the Rules of Appellate Procedure are to be
    liberally construed to effectuate justice). In our view, the attachment of
    separate trial court dockets to each notice of appeal rendered them “separate”
    for purposes of Rule 341(a). We therefore decline to quash the appeals.
    3 In lieu of authoring a Rule 1925(a) opinion, the PCRA court relied on the
    reasons for dismissal set forth in its Rule 907 notice.
    -3-
    J-S07030-22
    We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA in
    the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA level.
    This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the
    evidence of record. We will not disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it
    is supported by evidence of record and is free of legal error. This
    Court may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the
    record supports it. Further, we grant great deference to the
    factual findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those
    findings unless they have no support in the record. However, we
    afford no such deference to its legal conclusions. Where the
    petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of review is de
    novo and our scope of review plenary.
    Commonwealth v. Ford, 
    44 A.3d 1190
    , 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations
    omitted).
    Under the PCRA, any petition “including a second or subsequent
    petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes
    final[.]”   42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1) (emphasis added).        A judgment of
    sentence becomes final “at the conclusion of direct review, including
    discretionary review in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the Supreme
    Court of the United States, and or at the expiration of time for seeking the
    review.”    Id. § 9545(b)(3).     The PCRA’s timeliness requirements are
    jurisdictional in nature, and a court may not address the merits of the issues
    raised if the PCRA petition was not timely filed. Commonwealth v. Albrecht,
    
    994 A.2d 1091
    , 1093 (Pa. 2010).
    -4-
    J-S07030-22
    This Court previously determined that Bailey’s judgment of sentence
    became final on July 22, 1996,4 ninety days after the Pennsylvania Supreme
    Court declined to grant his petition for allowance of appeal, and Bailey declined
    to petition the United States Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari.       See
    Commonwealth v. Bailey, 
    984 A.2d 1006
     (Pa. Super. 2009) (unpublished
    judgment order). The instant petition, filed on August 28, 2020, was filed
    more than twenty-four years after the judgment became final. Therefore, the
    instant petition is facially untimely under the PCRA.        See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
    § 9545(b)(3).
    Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition if the
    petitioner can plead and prove one of three exceptions set forth under 42
    Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Any PCRA petition invoking one of these exceptions
    “shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have been
    presented.” Id. § 9545(b)(2). If the petition is untimely and the petitioner
    has not pleaded and proven a timeliness exception, the petition must be
    dismissed without a hearing because Pennsylvania courts are without
    jurisdiction to consider the merits of the petition. See Commonwealth v.
    Taylor, 
    65 A.3d 462
    , 468 (Pa. Super. 2013).
    ____________________________________________
    4 The PCRA court incorrectly determined that Bailey’s judgment of sentence
    became final on December 20, 1995. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice, 6/8/21,
    at ¶ 3.
    -5-
    J-S07030-22
    In his first issue, Bailey claims that after this Court affirmed the
    dismissal of his first PCRA petition, his PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing
    to file a petition for allowance of appeal in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
    Bailey contends that the timeliness exception set forth in subsection
    9545(b)(1)(ii), which permits review if the petitioner can prove that “the facts
    upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could
    not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence[,]” applies to his
    ineffectiveness claim. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
    Our review discloses that this Court affirmed the dismissal of Bailey’s
    first PCRA petition on September 17, 1999. In the PCRA petition before this
    Court, Bailey failed to: (1) allege the date that he discovered that PCRA
    counsel failed to file a petition for allowance of appeal; (2) explain to the PCRA
    court why his ineffectiveness claim could not have been discovered twenty
    years earlier through the exercise of due diligence, given that the time to file
    a petition for allowance of appeal expired in 1999; and (3) allege that the
    instant petition was filed within one year of the date of his belated discovery.
    As Bailey failed to prove the applicability of subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii) to his
    ineffectiveness claim, the PCRA court properly determined that it lacked
    jurisdiction to address it.5 Accordingly, Bailey’s first issue merits no relief.
    ____________________________________________
    5  The PCRA court incorrectly analyzed Bailey’s claim of PCRA counsel’s
    ineffectiveness as a claim that direct appeal counsel failed to file a petition for
    allowance of appeal in our Supreme Court after this Court affirmed his
    -6-
    J-S07030-22
    In his second issue, Bailey argues that the United States Supreme
    Court’s decision in Martinez6 created a newly-recognized constitutional right
    that applies retroactively to ineffectiveness claims on collateral review. Bailey
    contends that the timeliness exception set forth in subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii),
    which permits review if the petitioner can prove that “the right asserted is a
    constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United
    States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided
    in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively[,]” applies
    to his claim of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness.             See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
    § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
    The PCRA court considered Bailey’s second issue and determined that,
    while Martinez represents a significant development in federal habeas corpus
    law, it did not create a newly-recognized constitutional right that would trigger
    the timeliness exception in subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii).        See PCRA Court
    Opinion, 6/8/21, at ¶ 7.
    ____________________________________________
    judgment of sentence. However, as explained above, direct appeal counsel
    did, in fact, file a petition for allowance of appeal in relation to Bailey’s
    judgment of sentence, which petition was denied by our Supreme Court on
    April 23, 1996.
    6 In Martinez, the United States Supreme Court recognized that for purposes
    of federal habeas corpus relief, inadequate assistance of counsel at initial-
    review collateral proceedings may establish cause for a prisoner’s procedural
    default of a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel. See Martinez,
    
    566 U.S. at 9
    .
    -7-
    J-S07030-22
    We discern no abuse of discretion by the PCRA court in reaching its
    determination regarding Bailey’s second issue.        The Martinez Court made
    clear that its holding was not a “constitutional ruling.” See Martinez, 
    566 U.S. at 16
    . Moreover, this Court has ruled that Martinez “is of no moment
    with respect to the way Pennsylvania courts apply the plain language of the
    time bar set forth in . . . the PCRA.” Commonwealth v. Saunders, 
    60 A.3d 162
    , 165 (Pa. Super. 2013). Thus, as Bailey failed to prove the applicability
    of subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii) to his ineffectiveness claim, the PCRA court was
    without jurisdiction to address it. Accordingly, Bailey’s second issue merits no
    relief.
    In his third issue, Bailey contends that the prosecutor in his 1994 trial
    failed to disclose certain discovery materials in violation of Brady.7 Bailey
    contends that the timeliness exception set forth in subsection 9545(b)(1)(i),
    which permits review if the petitioner can prove that “the failure to raise the
    claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with
    the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
    Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States[,]” applies to
    his Brady claim. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i).
    ____________________________________________
    7 In Brady, the United States Supreme Court held that “the suppression by
    the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due
    process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment,
    irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.” Brady, 
    373 U.S. at 87
    .
    -8-
    J-S07030-22
    The PCRA court considered Bailey’s third issue and determined that
    Bailey failed to prove the applicability of the timeliness exception provided by
    subsection 9545(b)(1)(i). The PCRA court reasoned:
    [Bailey] again fails to state when and how he discovered the
    existence of this alleged Brady material, and he does not explain
    why this material could not have been obtained earlier with the
    exercise of due diligence, particularly since it appears that the
    material would have been the type to be subject to mandatory
    disclosure under the discovery rules. As such, he has failed to
    plead and prove the application of this timeliness exception as
    well.
    PCRA Court Opinion, 6/8/21, at ¶ 8.
    We discern no abuse of discretion by the PCRA court in reaching its
    determination regarding Bailey’s third issue.    Although a properly pleaded
    Brady claim may fall within the governmental interference exception, a
    petition invoking the exception must establish that the petitioner could not
    have known of the governmental interference earlier through the exercise of
    reasonable diligence, and that he filed his petition within one year of the date
    he discovered such interference. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (2); see
    also Commonwealth v. Williams, 
    168 A.3d 97
    , 106 (Pa. 2017). In the
    instant petition, Bailey failed to set forth any indication as to when and how
    he discovered the Brady material that the Commonwealth allegedly withheld
    from him, nor any reasonable explanation as to why he could not have
    previously discovered an alleged Brady violation through the exercise of due
    diligence.   Thus, as Bailey failed to prove the applicability of subsection
    -9-
    J-S07030-22
    9545(b)(1)(i) to his Brady claim, the PCRA court was without jurisdiction to
    address it. Accordingly, Bailey’s third issue merits no relief.
    In his fourth issue, Bailey contends that he is entitled to a new trial
    based on newly discovered or after-discovered evidence. However, this issue
    was not raised in Bailey’s PCRA petition. Thus, he did not preserve it for our
    review. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issue not raised in the lower
    court are waived and may not be raised for the first time on appeal).
    Finally, Bailey claims that the PCRA court should have authored an
    opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), and asks this Court to remand for the
    PCRA court to prepare such an opinion.
    Pursuant to Rule 1925(a), a lower court is required to author a separate
    opinion only “if the reasons for the order do not already appear of record.”
    Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a). If the reasons for the lower court’s rulings already appear
    of record, the court “shall specify in writing the place in the record where such
    reasons may be found.” 
    Id.
    In the instant matter, the PCRA court specified in writing the place in
    the record where the reasons for the dismissal of Bailey’s petition can be
    found, i.e., its Rule 907 notice of intent to dismiss. See Order, 9/15/21, at
    unnumbered 1-2. As the Rule 907 notice provides the reasons for the PCRA
    court’s dismissal order, we decline to remand for an additional opinion.
    In sum, we conclude that because Bailey failed to plead and prove the
    applicability of any timeliness exception in his PCRA petition, the PCRA court
    - 10 -
    J-S07030-22
    properly determined that it lacked jurisdiction to consider the merits of any of
    his issues. See Taylor, 
    65 A.3d at 468
    . Accordingly, we affirm the order
    dismissing Bailey’s seventh PCRA petition.
    Order affirmed.
    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 5/6/2022
    - 11 -