Jose Canel v. Robert Wilkinson ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 8 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOSE LISANDRO CANEL, No. 18-72472
Petitioner, Agency No. A205-052-995
v.
MEMORANDUM*
ROBERT M. WILKINSON, Acting
Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 4, 2021**
Pasadena, California
Before: TALLMAN and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN,***
District Judge.
Jose Lisandro Canel (“Canel”), a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions
for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) denial of his 2014
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Dana L. Christensen, United States District Judge for
the District of Montana, sitting by designation.
application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the
Convention Against Torture (CAT).1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252and deny the petition.
1. An asylum application must be filed within a year of the applicant’s
arrival in the United States unless he can demonstrate changed circumstances
affecting his asylum eligibility. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2). Whether an applicant’s
circumstances have changed is a mixed question of law and fact, which we review
for substantial evidence. See Ramadan v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 646, 650 (9th Cir.
2007) (per curiam). Canel puts forth as the changed circumstance the growth of
the vigilante group that beat him for being out past a curfew. However, Canel’s
only supporting evidence is a 2011 article stating that vigilante groups in
Guatemala “have given rise to the commission of crimes, including the restriction
of rights like freedom of movement.” Assuming arguendo that the article was
evidence of a changed circumstance, Canel was nonetheless obligated to file his
asylum application within a reasonable amount of time after the changed
circumstance. See Husyev v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 1172, 1182 (9th Cir. 2008)
(noting that a delay of over six months is presumptively unreasonable). Canel’s
application was filed some three years after the article and he offers no explanation
1
Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we restate only those
necessary to explain our decision.
2
for the delay. Accordingly, his filing was not timely.
2. Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s determination that Canel
failed to establish past persecution, or the well-founded fear or clear probability of
future persecution, on account of a protected ground. The BIA correctly concluded
that Canel’s proposed social group of “young Guatemalan men from the city of
San Juan, Guatemala who are targeted by local security committees because they
are perceived as criminals” is not a cognizable social group. It is impermissibly
defined by the risk of harm. See Matter of S-E-G-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 579, 584 (BIA
2008) (holding that a social group could not “be defined exclusively by the fact
that its members have been subjected to harm in the past”); Matter of A-M-E- &
J-G-U-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 69, 74 (BIA 2007) (same). In addition, Canel has not
shown that his proposed group is not amorphous or that Guatemalan society
recognizes it as a cognizable group. See Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 1135–36
(9th Cir. 2016) (stating that a social group cannot be “amorphous,” and must
“generally be recognizable by other members of the community” (quoting
Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1081, 1088–89 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc))).
3. Finally, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Canel
did not establish a reasonable likelihood of torture if removed to Guatemala. See
8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). Canel failed to show that the vigilante group would seek
him out, identify, and torture him, almost fifteen years after he left Guatemala, and
3
Canel’s family, including his younger brother, remain in Guatemala and have not
been harmed.2
PETITION DENIED.
2
Canel also argues that the IJ erred in not making a credibility determination.
However, the BIA assumed his credibility.
4