People v. Draughn CA5 ( 2022 )

Filed 12/1/22 P. v. Draughn CA5
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE,
F083252
Plaintiff and Respondent,
(Super. Ct. No. BF183810A)
v.
DAVID DRAUGHN, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Kern County. Judith K.
Dulcich, Judge.
J. M. Malik, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Plaintiff and
Appellant.
Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Michael P. Farrell, Assistant Attorney General, Eric L. Christoffersen and Brook
A. Bennigson, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
-ooOoo-
INTRODUCTION
A jury convicted David Draughn (appellant) of making criminal threats (Pen.
Code, § 422),1 felony false imprisonment (§ 236), two counts of being a felon in
possession of a firearm (§ 29800, subd. (a)(1)), and two counts of being a felon in
possession of ammunition (§ 30305, subd. (a)(1)). The trial court sentenced appellant to
seven years four months in state prison.
On appeal, appellant contends his trial counsel failed to adequately explain that the
People may withdraw their two-year plea offer if their witnesses appear at a pretrial
“witness management hearing,” and as a result he did not accept the offer before it was
withdrawn. We conclude that on this record appellant fails to demonstrate he was
prejudiced by trial counsel’s allegedly deficient performance, and we affirm.
BACKGROUND
I. Factual Background.
M.C. lived at a trailer park in rural Kern County. Appellant did not live there, but
he would often come to the park and go from trailer to trailer looking for a place to sleep.
M.C. testified appellant arrived unannounced to her trailer on January 4, 2021, and
she allowed him to come inside. He began showing off his newly acquired .45-caliber
pistol. She asked appellant not to point the gun at her, and he responded sarcastically that
it was not loaded. He then discharged a round into the floor of the trailer approximately
two feet from where M.C. was sitting. M.C. ran out of the trailer in fear. Shortly after
she exited, she heard another gunshot inside of her trailer.
Appellant returned to M.C.’s trailer on January 10, 2021, around 3:00 a.m. He
knocked on the door and asked to be let in because it was freezing outside. M.C. testified
she reluctantly allowed appellant to come inside because he was likely to cause a
disturbance if she did not allow him in. She explained appellant had caused problems at
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
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the trailer park in the past, and she was concerned about getting evicted. Once appellant
was inside, they slept fully clothed on M.C.’s bed. While in bed, she noticed appellant
had his firearm.
The next morning, appellant could not find his wallet and accused M.C. of taking
it. M.C. testified appellant became belligerent and told her he was going to shoot her if
she did not give him his wallet. He also threatened to shoot her if she left the trailer.
M.C. sent a text message to her neighbor, D.A., asking for help. D.A. called the police.
When the police arrived, they ordered appellant out of M.C.’s trailer and arrested him.
Officers searched M.C.’s trailer and located a loaded, functional .45-caliber pistol.
II. Procedural Background.
The Kern County District Attorney’s Office filed an amended information
charging appellant with discharging a firearm in a grossly negligent manner (§ 246.3,
subd. (a); count 1), felony false imprisonment (§ 236; count 2), making criminal threats
(§ 422; count 3), two counts of being a felon in possession of a firearm (§ 29800,
subd. (a)(1); counts 4 and 6), two counts of being a felon in possession of ammunition
(§ 30305, subd. (a)(1); counts 5 and 7), and misdemeanor brandishing of a firearm
(§ 417, subd. (a)(2); count 8). The People also alleged appellant suffered two prior strike
convictions (§§ 667, subds. (b)-(i), 1170.12, subds. (a)-(e)) and one prior serious felony
conviction (§ 667, subd. (a)(1)).
Appellant was arraigned on March 12, 2021. At the same hearing, he was
arraigned on case No. BF184006A, in which he was charged with residential burglary
(§§ 459, 460, subd. (a)). He pled not guilty in both cases.
At a May 6, 2021, hearing in front of the Honorable Judith K. Dulcich, appellant
was arraigned on a third case, case No. BF185291A, in which he was charged with
vehicle theft (Veh. Code, § 10851, subd. (a)) and possession of a stolen vehicle (§ 496d,
subd. (a)). The parties then met in chambers to discuss possible resolution of all of
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appellant’s cases. Once back on the record, James T. Rogers, appellant’s counsel,
relayed that the People agreed to resolve all of appellant’s cases if appellant pled to a
strike offense and accepted a sentence of two years in state prison. However, appellant
was unwilling to accept the offer. When asked by the court if the People’s offer was
being rejected, appellant stated: “Yes. I would take the counteroffer with 16 months,
take a strike. I’m not willing to take the two years with a strike. I would take two years
without the strike, but I would take 16 months with the strike.” The prosecutor
responded there was no need for further negotiation, and the case was continued to
May 10, 2021, for jury trial.
Before the May 6, 2021, hearing concluded, the prosecutor requested the case
remain on calendar on May 7, 2021, for a “witness management hearing.” The following
discussion then occurred on the record:
“THE COURT: So we’ll trail both cases for witness management. [¶] Mr.
Rogers, would you and your client like to waive your presence for the
witness management hearing?
“MR. ROGERS: You don’t have to be there.
“[APPELLANT]: What is a witness management hearing?
“THE COURT: They have a witness here that gets ordered back for the
next day because the trial is coming back on Monday, the 10th. Otherwise,
you have to get up, come with the crowd, sit here, and see if a witness
shows up.
“[APPELLANT]: Yeah, I don’t need to necessarily be here.
“THE COURT: We’ll show you coming back on Monday, May 10th, for
jury trial….
“[APPELLANT]: I have one more question. This deal, is it still on the
table come Monday?
“THE COURT: On trial day, Mr. [Prosecutor]?
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“[APPELLANT]: Give me some time to consider it, talk to my family and
consider it maybe.
“THE COURT: Mr. [Prosecutor], can you make any commitment to that?
“[PROSECUTOR]: The deal will be on the table unless circumstances
change. That could happen tomorrow at the witness management, but
unless anything changes, the two years is on the table.
“THE COURT: So we’ll see you back on Monday.”
At the May 7, 2021, witness management hearing, M.C. and D.A., the People’s
only civilian witnesses, appeared in court. They were both ordered to return to court on
May 13, 2021, to testify at trial.
On May 10, 2021, the matter was on for jury trial in front of the Honorable Colette
M. Humphrey. Appellant immediately requested a Marsden2 hearing. At the hearing, he
began by alleging Rogers was withholding “pertinent information,” including part of the
“investigator’s report,” which appellant claimed contained statements from “witnesses
saying that they were lying and that they were refusing to testify.” Appellant then
claimed his primary complaint was that Rogers did not explain what a witness
management hearing was to him, and as a result, he believed the People’s two-year plea
offer from May 6, 2021, would still be open. The court stated that it was “told” that the
offer would remain open “if there [were] no changed circumstances, and the changed
circumstance is they found the witness that they needed.” Appellant responded that if he
had known “the definition of witness management and definition of what the
circumstances changed,” he would have accepted the two-year offer. He specified that if
counsel had told him “if you do [not] take the deal today, and the witnesses show up
tomorrow, you’re not going to [get] the two years, I would have taken the deal.” He
2 People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118.
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claimed he was still willing to accept the two-year deal, but the court explained the
People were no longer making such an offer.
The court then asked to hear from Rogers. He explained that the People initially
offered a four-year sentence if appellant pled to a strike offense, or a six-year sentence if
appellant pled to a non-strike offense. On May 4, 2021, after further negotiation, the
People offered three years, and appellant countered with two years. The People indicated
they were willing to accept the counteroffer, but Rogers then learned of appellant’s newly
filed vehicle theft case and wanted to make sure all of appellant’s pending cases would be
included in any plea agreement. On May 5, 2021, he spoke with the assigned prosecutor,
who stated the vehicle theft case would be included in the deal. However, when he spoke
with appellant that day, appellant insisted he would only resolve the case for 16 months.
On May 6, 2021, appellant’s position had not changed, so no disposition was reached.
Rogers stated he explained to appellant he could be present on May 7, 2021, but all that
would happen is if the People’s witnesses came to court, the court would order them to
return to appear at trial.
The court asked for clarification on the People’s purported agreement to leave the
two-year offer open until May 10, 2021. With appellant’s consent, the court invited the
prosecutor to join the Marsden hearing. The prosecutor explained that on May 6, 2021,
the People made a two-year offer, and appellant stated he wanted time to consider it. The
prosecutor confirmed the offer was to remain open unless there was a change in
circumstances, such as a witness appearing at the witness management hearing.
After the prosecutor explained the terms of the offer, the following exchange
occurred on the record:
“THE COURT: That’s what [appellant is] trying to say, Mr. Rogers, is
when [the People] said if circumstances change, the offer is no longer open,
you didn’t tell him that means if they find their witness, the[] deal is off the
table.
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“MR ROGERS: I thought it was implied.
“THE COURT: That’s what he’s saying. You’re saying you never told
him.
“MR. ROGERS: I think I told him he had the right to be here, but all we
are going to do is order people back.
“[APPELLANT]: I had no idea what witness management was, that’s why
I spoke up.
“THE COURT: I do think there’s a conflict. I think because you didn’t tell
him that if they find their witness, the deal is off the table, he lost the
opportunity to take the deal on [May 6]. Because he didn’t realize if the
witness showed up, he wouldn’t get the deal. That’s witness management.
That creates a conflict between the two of you. Because he’s saying what
you did cost him that deal, because it’s no longer on the table.
“[APPELLANT]: Also, I asked Mr. Rogers if he could relay that message
to the D.A. that he didn’t explain to —
“THE COURT: That doesn’t really matter at this point. He doesn’t have to
relay anything to the D.A. and it’s not their obligation to be concerned with
what he tells you. But you still want me to fire him because he didn’t tell
you you were going to lose the deal?
“[APPELLANT]: Yes, ma’am.
“THE COURT: I think he’s correct, now that he found out the deal was on
the table [on May 6], and he was never told that witness management
means if they find the witness, there’s no longer a deal. That does create a
conflict, Mr. Rogers.”
The court relieved Rogers as appointed counsel on all of appellant’s cases. New
counsel was appointed, but the parties were unable to reach a plea agreement, and the
instant matter proceeded to trial. Subsequent negotiations are not set forth in the record
in detail, but it appears the People never reoffered the two-year deal appellant rejected on
May 6, 2021.
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Following trial, the jury found appellant guilty of counts 2 through 7, but not
guilty of count 1 and count 8. In a bifurcated proceeding, the trial court found appellant
suffered one prior conviction that constitutes a strike prior conviction and a prior serious
felony conviction.3 At sentencing, the trial court granted appellant’s motion to strike the
prior serious felony allegation and granted his Romero4 motion as to count 6 only. The
trial court sentenced appellant to seven years four months in state prison and granted the
People’s motions to dismiss appellant’s two remaining cases.
DISCUSSION
Appellant Does Not Establish Ineffective Assistance of Counsel.
Appellant contends Rogers was ineffective for failing to inform him on May 6,
2021, that the People’s two-year offer “could or most likely would” be withdrawn at the
witness management hearing the following day. He claims he erroneously believed the
offer would be available when the matter was next set for trial on May 10, 2021, and that
he “had more time to make his decision.” He argues that because of his counsel’s
deficient performance, he lost out on the opportunity to accept the two-year offer, which
he claims he would have accepted had he understood the likelihood it would be
withdrawn. As a remedy, he seeks reinstatement of the People’s two-year offer.
1. Standard of Review.
To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the claimant must
establish counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and
that prejudice occurred as a result. (Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668, 687
(Strickland).) The two-part test set forth in Strickland is “applicable to ineffective-
3 Prior to trial, the People conceded appellant had only suffered one prior strike
conviction, and the trial court struck any reference to the second prior strike allegation
from the amended information.
4 People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497.
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assistance claims arising out of the plea process.” (Hill v. Lockhart (1985) 474 U.S. 52,
57.)
“[W]e undertake an independent review of the record [citation] to determine
whether petitioner has established by a preponderance of substantial, credible evidence
[citation] that his counsel’s performance was deficient and, if so, that petitioner suffered
prejudice.” (In re Alvernaz (1992) 2 Cal.4th 924, 944–945 (Alvernaz).)
We need not address whether Rogers provided deficient representation because we
conclude petitioner has failed to meet his burden of establishing prejudice. The United
States Supreme Court has made clear that a reviewing court need not address both
components of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim if one is dispositive.
(Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at p. 697.) As we explain below, appellant fails to establish
a reasonable probability that, had Rogers told him the People were likely to withdraw
their two-year offer if their witnesses appeared at the witness management hearing, he
would have accepted it before it was withdrawn.
2. Appellant Fails to Meet his Burden of Establishing Prejudice.
A. Applicable legal standards.
A defendant claiming ineffective assistance of counsel must show “counsel’s
deficient performance subjected the defendant to prejudice, i.e., there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s failings, the result would have been more favorable to
the defendant.” (Alvernaz, supra, 2 Cal.4th at pp. 936–937.) In the context of the instant
case, where appellant claims counsel’s deficient representation caused him to reject a
proffered plea bargain, appellant “must prove there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s deficient performance,” he would have accepted the People’s offer. (Id. at
p. 937.)
“In determining whether a defendant, with effective assistance, would have
accepted the offer, pertinent factors to be considered include: whether counsel actually
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and accurately communicated the offer to the defendant; the advice, if any, given by
counsel; the disparity between the terms of the proposed plea bargain and the probable
consequences of proceeding to trial, as viewed at the time of the offer; and whether the
defendant indicated he or she was amenable to negotiating a plea bargain.” (Alvernaz,
supra, 2 Cal.4th at p. 938.)
B. Analysis.
Appellant relies heavily on Lafler v. Cooper (2012) 566 U.S. 156 (Lafler). There,
the United States Supreme Court held the claimant received ineffective assistance of
counsel based on his attorney’s erroneous advice not to accept a plea offer in a murder
case. (Id. at p. 174.) In concluding the claimant had met his burden of establishing
prejudice, the court noted he had expressed a willingness to the court to accept the plea
offer before receiving erroneous advice from his attorney. (Id. at p. 161.)
Lafler does not assist appellant. Here, unlike the claimant in Lafler, appellant
repeatedly expressed an unwillingness to accept the plea offer. Appellant rejected the
offer on May 5, 2021, telling Rogers he would only accept a sentence of 16 months. On
May 6, 2021, he again rejected the People’s two-year offer, personally informing the
court he would “take the counteroffer [of] 16 months [with] a strike,” or “two years
without the strike.” When he rejected the People’s two-year offer on May 5 and May 6,
2021, the prosecutor had not yet represented that the offer would remain open unless
“circumstances change.” In other words, appellant twice rejected the People’s two-year
offer without any indication it would remain open on a future date. Therefore, the record
overwhelmingly demonstrates appellant was never willing to accept the People’s two-
year offer. Thus, Lafler is distinguishable and does not dictate that we remand this
matter.
The record also establishes appellant was willing to accept the risk that the offer
might be withdrawn. After appellant informed the court that he was rejecting the
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People’s two-year offer, he asked if it would “still [be] on the table” on May 10, 2021. In
response, the prosecutor stated the offer would “be on the table unless circumstances
change.” The prosecutor then specified that there could be a change in circumstances
“tomorrow at the witness management [hearing].” These statements by the prosecutor
made clear to appellant that the People might withdraw the offer before May 10, 2021.
Despite this, appellant did not change his mind and accept the two-year offer before the
May 6, 2021 hearing concluded. Instead, he took the chance that the offer might be
withdrawn before he returned to court on May 10, 2021. His willingness to accept this
risk conclusively shows there is no reasonable probability he would have accepted the
People’s two-year offer even if he had received competent advice.
In reaching our conclusion, we find it significant that appellant was personally
involved in his case, and based on his comments on the record, he appears to be a
competent litigant. He did not rely solely on counsel to negotiate with the People. He
personally engaged in the plea bargaining process, expressing counter offers on the
record and asking questions about the proceedings. Accordingly, we do not doubt
appellant understood the prosecutor’s statement that the two-year offer might be
withdrawn, and that he was aware he was taking a risk by not accepting the People’s two-
year offer on May 6, 2021.
Even assuming we found appellant’s claim he would have accepted the People’s
two-year offer to be credible, the only evidence he would have done so are his self-
serving, uncorroborated statements, made after the offer was withdrawn. As our high
court explained in Alvernaz: “[A] defendant’s self-serving statement—after trial,
conviction, and sentence—that with competent advice he or she would have accepted a
proffered plea bargain, is insufficient in and of itself to sustain the defendant’s burden of
proof as to prejudice, and must be corroborated independently by objective evidence. A
contrary holding would lead to an unchecked flow of easily fabricated claims.”
(Alvernaz, supra, 2 Cal.4th at p. 938.) Accordingly, appellant’s assertions he would have
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accepted the People’s two-year offer but for the erroneous advice of counsel are legally
insufficient to establish prejudice.
We recognize appellant made statements he would have accepted the People’s
two-year offer prior to his “trial, conviction, and sentence.” (Alvernaz, supra, 2 Cal.4th
at p. 938.) However, we conclude Alvernaz is still applicable. Just as a defendant
assumes the risk of an adverse result by rejecting a pretrial plea offer and going to trial,
appellant assumed the risk of an adverse result by deciding not to accept the People’s
offer knowing that circumstances might change, and the offer might not be available in
the future. Thus, under Alvernaz, appellant cannot establish prejudice based solely on his
statements made after he lost the gamble of not accepting the plea offer that he would
have accepted it had he been properly advised.
Regardless of Alvernaz’s corroboration requirement, we reject appellant’s claim he
would have accepted the People’s two-year offer as not credible. In the analogous
context of a claim involving the acceptance of a plea offer due to counsel’s deficient
performance, the United States Supreme Court cautioned that “[c]ourts should not upset a
plea solely because of post hoc assertions from a defendant about how he would have
pleaded but for his attorney’s deficiencies. Judges should instead look to
contemporaneous evidence to substantiate a defendant’s expressed preferences.” (Lee v.
United States (2017) 137 S.Ct. 1958, 1967.) Here, appellant’s contemporaneous conduct,
including his repeated rejection of the two-year offer without any indication it would
remain open, amply demonstrates he would not have accepted the offer regardless of the
advice of counsel. His subsequent claim he would have accepted the offer, made after
the People “found the witness that they needed” to prove the charges against him, was
self-serving and lacks credibility.
Based on the record before this court, appellant has not demonstrated a reasonable
probability that, but for Rogers’s purported failure to explain that the People’s two-year
offer might be withdrawn if the People’s witnesses appear at the witness management
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hearing, he would have accepted the offer. Therefore, our independent review reveals
appellant has not met his burden under Strickland of establishing prejudice, and his
ineffective assistance of counsel claim lacks merit.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
LEVY, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:
FRANSON, J.
MEEHAN, J.
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