State v. Featherston , 2017 Ohio 5487 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. Featherston, 2017-Ohio-5487.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
HARDIN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 6-16-10
v.
CHARLES REY FEATHERSTON, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Hardin County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. 2016 2094 CRI
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: June 26, 2017
APPEARANCES:
Michael B. Kelley for Appellant
Jason M. Miller for Appellee
Case No. 6-16-10
ZIMMERMAN, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Charles R. Featherston (“Featherston”), appeals
the October 6, 2016 judgment of the Hardin County Court of Common Pleas
journalizing his conviction by a jury for three (3) counts of Receiving Stolen
Property, one (1) count of Identity Fraud Against a Person in a Protected Class, and
one (1) count of Forgery, and sentencing him to serve fifty-seven (57) months in
prison. Featherston presents four assignments of error, alleging that: (1) the trial
court erred by failing to merge his three receiving stolen property convictions; (2)
the trial court erred by failing to appoint alternate counsel, which deprived
Featherston of effective representation; (3) the trial court erred by failing to exclude
hearsay testimony; and (4) the trial court erred in accepting the jury’s guilty verdict,
which was against the manifest weight of the evidence. For that reasons that follow,
we affirm the convictions of the Appellant.
Facts
{¶2} On June 11, 2016, seventy-year-old Donald Payne (“Payne”) was
running errands when he stopped briefly at his home in Lubbock, Texas. Payne
decided to leave his 2007 Honda Ridgeline pick-up truck running in his driveway
when he went into his home. However, when Payne returned to his truck
approximately three minutes later, he found his pick-up truck had been stolen.
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{¶3} Inside his pick-up truck at the time it was stolen was Payne’s wallet,
tools, golf clubs, bible, cash, air tank, and his Kahr nine millimeter handgun and
ammunition. In addition to his personal belongings, Payne’s wife’s wallet and cell
phone were also inside his truck when it was stolen. Payne reported the theft to the
authorities, and called his bank and credit card companies to report the theft of his
bank/credit cards. However, Payne failed to cancel one of his credit cards, which
resulted in approximately $3,000 in fraudulent charges.
{¶4} On June 15, 2016 in Kenton, Ohio, local law enforcement received
information of a possible stolen truck with Texas license plates. Law enforcement
located a pick-up truck matching the description of Payne’s truck at a local gas
station. However, the detective who ran the plate number of the truck had
incomplete license information, which resulted in the truck coming back as not
stolen.
{¶5} Around 11 a.m. on the following day, the same truck was located at 527
S. Detroit St. in Kenton, Ohio. When law enforcement gave the complete license
plate information to police dispatch, the truck came back as the reported stolen 2007
Honda Ridgeline truck owned by Payne. With this information, officers conducted
a stop of the vehicle. Featherston, who was the same individual observed by police
in the truck the day prior, was the driver of the pick-up at the time the stop was
conducted. Police officers ordered Featherston to exit the vehicle at gunpoint and
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during his pat down, officers located a pack of cigarettes on Featherston that
contained Payne’s stolen credit card.
{¶6} Officers’ subsequent search of the truck revealed that some of Payne’s
personal items were inside the pick-up truck. However, Payne’s wallet and his
handgun were not located in the truck.
{¶7} In addition to Payne’s belongings, Featherston’s hat and a bag with his
mail were found in the vehicle. The mail contained Featherston’s name and Texas
address. With this information, authorities determined that Payne’s Texas residence
was approximately four (4) or seven (7) miles from Featherston’s residence in
Lubbock, Texas.
{¶8} Later, officers searched the 527 South Detroit St. home and found a
Kahr nine millimeter handgun under clothes in a bedroom closet. The bedroom was
the room used by Featherston while staying in Kenton. A cell phone window mount
that Featherston purchased at Walmart in Kenton was also located in the bedroom
closet near the handgun.
{¶9} Investigation of Featherston’s activities while in Kenton revealed that
Featherston used Payne’s credit card to purchase fuel at the gas station where
authorities first saw him. Payne’s credit card was also used to purchase, among
other things, a cell phone, a cell phone window mount, and motor oil at Walmart.
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Video and camera footage, as well as Walmart’s data records, revealed that
Featherston use of Payne’s credit card took place at the Kenton Walmart store.
{¶10} As a result of the theft, Payne was only able to recover his driver’s
license and his golf clubs. Additionally, Payne’s insurance company totaled
Payne’s truck due to the expense of transporting the truck from Kenton back to
Payne’s residence in Texas.
Procedural History
{¶11} On July 26, 2016, the Hardin County Grand Jury indicted Featherston
on the following: two (2) counts of Receiving Stolen Property, in violation of Ohio
Revised Code 2913.51(A),(C), felonies of the fourth degree (with the second count
containing a firearm specification pursuant to Ohio Revised Code 2941.141(A))
(Counts 1 and 2); one (1) count of Receiving Stolen Property, in violation of Ohio
Revised Code 2913.51(A),(C), a felony of the fifth degree (Count 3); one (1) count
of Identify Fraud of an Elderly Person, in violation of Ohio Revised Code Section
2913.49(B)(2), (I)(3), a felony of the third degree (Count 4); one (1) count of
Forgery, in violation of Ohio Revised Code 2913.31(A)(1), (C)(1)(c)(i), a felony of
the fourth degree (Count 5); and one (1) count of Having Weapons While Under
Disability, in violation of Ohio Revised Code 2923.13(A)(2), a felony of the third
degree (Count 6).
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{¶12} On September 14, 2016, Featherston appeared in the trial court for a
change of plea hearing, however, the negotiations between Featherston and the State
fell through and Featherston did not change his plea. However, at the hearing the
State requested that the trial court dismiss count six, Having Weapons While Under
Disability, which the court granted. On September 27, 2016, the day before
Featherston’s scheduled jury trial, a second change of plea hearing was held in the
trial court. Once again, the plea deal fell through.
{¶13} Featherston’s remaining charges proceeded to a jury trial on
September 28, 2016. The State presented eleven (11) witnesses in its case in chief,
and rested. The defense then requested dismissal of the charges under Crim.R. 29,
which was granted in part by the trial court. The trial court determined that the State
did not prove the $1,000 statutory enhancement for Identify Fraud of an Elderly
person in Count 4, which resulted in the charge being reduced from a felony of the
third degree to a felony of fourth degree. However, the trial court overruled
Featherston’s motion on the other charges.
{¶14} Featherston presented no defense, and defense counsel renewed
Featherston’s Rule 29 motion, which was overruled, and the matter proceeded to
the jury for deliberations. On September 28, 2016, the jury found Featherston guilty
on all counts, including the firearm specification contained in count two.
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{¶15} Featherston was sentenced on October 6, 2016 in the trial court. The
State presented one (1) witness at the sentencing hearing, and Featherston spoke on
his own behalf. The trial court found that the convictions under count four, Identity
Fraud of an Elderly Person, and count five, Forgery, were allied offenses of similar
import and therefore merged. The State elected to proceed to sentencing on count
four, Identity Fraud of an Elderly Person. After reviewing the statutory
requirements as provided in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12, the trial court
sentenced Featherston to consecutive sentences on Counts 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the
specification, resulting in a total of fifty-seven (57) months of imprisonment, with
twelve months being mandatory. Featherston was also assessed a $2,000 fine, $650
in restitution, and court costs. Featherston now appeals, and presents the four
following assignments of error for our review:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO MERGE
COUNTS ONE, TWO, AND THREE FOR SENTENCING AS
THE THREE COUNTS ARE ALLIED OFFENSES WITH THE
SAME ANIMUS.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO
APPOINT ALTERNATE COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT AS
APPELLANT COULD NOT EFFECTIVELY
COMMUNICATE WITH HIS APPOINTED ATTORNEY
THEREFORE WAS DEPRIVED OF EFFECTIVE
REPRESENTATION.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO
EXCLUDE HEARSAY OVER APPELLANT’S OBJECTION,
THE HEARSAY WAS NOT HARMLESS ERROR, AND THE
COURT’S ERROR EFFECTED APPELLANT’S RIGHTS TO
DUE PROCESS AND A FAIR TRIAL.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. IV
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ACCEPTED THE
JURY’S GUILTY VERDICT WHICH WAS CLEARLY
AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE,
AND WAS BASED UPON INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.
We will discuss each assignment of error in turn.
First Assignment of Error
{¶16} In his first assignment of error, Featherston contends that the trial court
erred when it failed to merge the three counts of receiving stolen property (Counts
1-3) because the three counts are allied offenses containing the same animus. For
the following reasons, we disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶17} “‘A defendant bears the burden of proving that the offenses for which
he has been convicted and sentenced constitute allied offenses of similar import.’”
State v. Vanausdal, 3rd Dist. Shelby No. 17-16-06, 2016-Ohio-7735, ¶ 7, quoting
State v. Campbell, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-06-137, 2015-Ohio-1409, ¶ 18,
citing State v. Luong, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-06-110, 2012-Ohio-4520, ¶ 46.
Additionally, a reviewing court may look to the information contained in the record
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to make its allied offense determination. Id. An appellate court then reviews de
novo the question of whether offenses are allied offenses of similar import. State v.
Potts, 2016-Ohio-5555, 69 N.E.3d 1227, ¶ 93 (3rd Dist.), citing State v. Stall, 3rd
Dist. Crawford No. 3-10-12, 2011-Ohio-5733, ¶ 15, citing State v. Brown, 3rd Dist.
Allen No. 1-10-31, 2011-Ohio-1461, ¶ 36.
R.C. 2941.25, Allied Offenses of Similar Import
Ohio’s multiple-count statute, codified in R.C. 2941.25, states:
(A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to
constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the
indictment or information may contain counts for all such offenses,
but the defendant may be convicted of only one.
(B) Where the defendant’s conduct constitutes two or more offenses
of dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two or more
offenses of the same or similar kind committed separately or with a
separate animus as to each, the indictment or information may contain
counts for all such offenses, and the defendant may be convicted of
all of them.
{¶18} In State v. Ruff, the Supreme Court promulgated the following three-
part test for determining whether offenses merged: “[u]nder R.C. 2941.25(B), a
defendant whose conduct supports multiple offenses may be convicted of all the
offenses if any one of the following is true: (1) the conduct constitutes offenses of
dissimilar import, (2) the conduct shows that the offenses were committed
separately, or (3) the conduct shows that the offenses were committed with separate
animus.” State v. Ruff, 143 Ohio St. 3d 114, 2015-Ohio-995, 34 N.E.3d 892 (2015),
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paragraph three of the syllabus. An affirmative answer to any of the preceding
questions will permit separate convictions. Id. at ¶ 31.
Analysis
{¶19} Featherston was indicted on three separate counts of Receiving Stolen
Property, in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A),(C).1 R.C. 2913.51 states, in its pertinent
part: “[n]o person shall receive, retain, or dispose of property of another knowing
or having reasonable cause to believe that the property has been obtained through
commission of a theft offense. * * * Whoever violates this section is guilty of
receiving stolen property.” (Emphasis added.) R.C. 2913.51(A),(C).
{¶20} Featherston argues that each of his Receiving Stolen Property
convictions should merge, because the items set forth in each count were stolen at
the same time from the same victim.2 Furthermore, Featherston directs us to State
v. Skapik, a post-Ruff case with a similar fact pattern, asserting that the Skapik court
made it clear that when multiple items are stolen at the same time the counts for
each item merge. State v. Skapik, 2015-Ohio-4404, 42 N.E.3d 790, ¶¶ 13, 15 (2nd
Dist.).
1
Specifically, Featherston was charged with Receiving Stolen Property, with said property being a motor
vehicle, in Count 1; Featherston was charged with Receiving Stolen Property, with said property being a
firearm in Count 2; and Featherston was charged with Receiving Stolen Property, with said property being a
credit card, in Count 3.
2
It is not disputed that the Payne’s pick-up truck contained Payne’s credit cards and gun.
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{¶21} In Skapik, the defendant stole two firearms, a bulletproof vest, and
other items from an off duty deputy sheriff’s vehicle. Id. at ¶ 12. Skapik was
subsequently convicted on three separate counts related to the stolen items from the
deputy sheriff’s vehicle. Id. Skapik contended that the three counts for stolen items
out of the deputy sheriff’s vehicle should merge, because “he stole everything at one
time from one location in a single act committed against a single victim.” Id. The
Skapik court agreed with Skapik, holding that “[i]n our view, this conduct
constituted a single offense committed with a single animus resulting in a single
harm against a single victim.” Id. at ¶ 13. Asserting that their decision was
consistent with Ruff, the Second District Court of Appeals concluded that Skapik
could “be convicted and sentenced for only one theft offense in connection with the
items he stole from the deputy sheriff’s vehicle.”
{¶22} However, we find Featherston’s reliance on Skapik to be misplaced
and distinguishable from the facts of this case. Instead, we choose to conduct our
analysis consistent with the factors outlined by the Ohio Supreme Court in State v.
Ruff.
{¶23} As we noted previously, in State v. Ruff, “[u]nder R.C. 2941.25(B), a
defendant whose conduct supports multiple offenses may be convicted of all the
offenses if any one of the following is true: (1) the conduct constitutes offenses of
dissimilar import, (2) the conduct shows that the offenses were committed
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separately, or (3) the conduct shows that the offenses were committed with separate
animus.” Ruff, 143 Ohio St. 3d 114, 2015-Ohio-995, 34 N.E.3d 892 (2015),
paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶24} The first Ruff factor, “were the offenses dissimilar in importance or
significance,” questions whether each offense caused a separate, identifiable harm
to the victim. Ruff, supra. In our review we find that each of the Receiving Stolen
Property convictions did, in fact, create separate and identifiable harm to Payne. In
Count 1, we find that Payne’s 2007 Honda Ridgeline Truck was the subject of the
charge. We further find that Payne’s truck was “totaled” by his insurance company.
Therefore, Payne’s truck loss is separate from his property losses in Counts 2 and
3. In Count 2, Payne’s loss of use of his handgun deprived him of its use (since it
was held as evidence) to defend himself, which is separate from his loss in Counts
1 and 3. And as to Count 3, Payne’s stolen credit card resulted in him having to pay
$550 of the fraudulent charges, a loss separate and distinguishable from Counts 1
and 2. Thus, the State proved three separate and identifiable harms suffered by
Payne in each of Featherston’s Receiving Stolen Property convictions. Even though
Payne was the only victim of the Receiving Stolen Property charges of which
Featherston was convicted, we find that the harm caused him was separate and
identifiable. Moreover, Featherston chose to receive Payne’s truck, knowing that
he lacked permission to do so; Featherston chose to receive and retain Payne’s credit
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card and used it for his own personal gain; and Featherston chose to receive and
retain Payne’s handgun by removing it from Payne’s truck to the bedroom where he
was staying, perceivably for some nefarious purpose.
{¶25} Because we have answered the first Ruff factor affirmatively, finding
that separate convictions for each of the three (3) Receiving Stolen Property counts
are permissible, no further factors need to be addressed. Accordingly, Featherston’s
first assignment of error is overruled.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶26} In his second assignment of error, Featherston contends that the trial
court erred when it failed to appoint him alternate counsel, because he could not
communicate with his appointed attorney. Featherston also asserts that this lack of
communication resulted in him being deprived of effective representation. For the
following reasons, we disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶27} While both sides have directed this court to analyze this assignment of
error as an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a review of the record reveals
that Featherston made his motion for new counsel at his September 14, 2016 change
of plea hearing, which the trial court ultimately denied. Thus, we determine the
correct standard of review is the abuse-of-discretion standard, pursuant to State v.
Cowans, 87 Ohio St. 68, 72-73, 1999-Ohio-250, 717 N.E.2d 298.
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{¶28} “‘An indigent defendant has no right to have a particular attorney
represent him and therefore must demonstrate ‘good cause’ to warrant substitution
of counsel.’” Id., quoting United States v. Iles, 906 F.2d 1122, 1130 (6th Cir.1990).
“‘[T]he trial judge may * * * [deny the requested substitution and] require the trial
to proceed with assigned counsel participating if the complaint * * * is
unreasonable.’” Id. at 72-73, quoting State v. Deal, 17 Ohio St. 2d 17, 244 N.E.2d
742 (1969), syllabus. “The trial court’s decision is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard.” Id.
{¶29} “Under an abuse of discretion standard, a lower court’s decision will
not be reversed for mere error, but only when the court’s decision is unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Morrow v. Becker, 138 Ohio St. 3d 11, 2013-Ohio-
4542, 3 N.E.3d 144, ¶ 9. Given that the abuse of discretion standard is a deferential
review, “[i]t is not sufficient for an appellate court to determine that a trial court
abused its discretion simply because the appellate court might not have reached the
same conclusion or is, itself, less persuaded by the trial court’s reasoning process
than by countervailing arguments.” State v. Morris, 132 Ohio St. 3d 337, 2012-
Ohio-2407, 972 N.E.2d 528, ¶ 14. “If there is some competent, credible evidence
to support the trial court’s decision, there is no abuse of discretion.” Middendorf v.
Middendorf, 82 Ohio St. 3d 397, 401, 1998-Ohio-403, 696 N.E.2d 575.
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{¶30} “‘Factors to consider in deciding whether a trial court erred in denying
a defendant’s motion to substitute counsel include the timeliness of the motion; the
adequacy of the court’s inquiry into the defendant’s complaint; and whether the
conflict between the attorney and client was so great that it resulted in a total lack
of communication preventing an adequate defense.’” State v. Beadle, 3rd Dist.
Hancock No. 5-13-08, 2013-Ohio-5659, ¶ 17, quoting State v. Jones, 91 Ohio St. 3d
335, 342, 2001-Ohio-57, 744 N.E.2d 1163.
Analysis
{¶31} Featherston was determined to be indigent and was appointed an
attorney by the trial court. Two weeks prior to trial, Featherston told the trial court
that he wanted to be appointed a different attorney, as evidenced by the following
conversation that took place on the record during the failed change of plea hearing
on September 14, 2016:
Trial Court: Alright. Have you had plenty of time to talk with
[defense counsel] about that proposal?
Featherston: Somewhat.
Trial Court: Alright. Do you have any questions about how that
proposal works? I mean are you clear as to what the proposal is?
Featherston: If I might add Your Honor, me and my attorney
have a conflict of communication.
***
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Trial Court: Alright. Now you started to say something else.
What else is it that you wish to say?
Featherston: Due to the fact of the conflict of communication
between me and my attorney, the appointed counsel, there is no
way of me understanding a lot of things what he was telling me,
and you know, I don’t feel confident in him running my, [sic] in
the trial and dealing with my case due to the fact that I don’t
understand where he’s coming from. He’s too highly educated
with his words on me. You know, he discombobulates my
thinking. So I would like to ask the Court to dismiss him and
reassign me to a different counsel, but that’s just my move
towards the Court.
(09/14/2016 Tr. at 6-7).
{¶32} Thereafter, the trial court discussed with Featherston, and his defense
attorney, Featherston’s reasons for the request. Notably, Featherston’s complaints
did not involve issues of whether his attorney was competent to represent him in his
defense. To the contrary, Featherston’s appointed counsel had nearly thirty years
of experience at the time of the hearing. Featherston complained that his attorney
was “too highly educated” for him to understand.3 Ultimately the trial court
determined that Featherston failed to present sufficient grounds for his request for a
new attorney and denied Featherston’s motion.
3
We note, however, that the record also reveals that Featherston was able to use “discombobulates”
appropriately in a sentence, even though he claimed that he could not understand trial counsel’s “highly
educated” words.
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{¶33} Our review of the record supports that the relationship between
Featherston and his counsel was not perfect.4 However, in overruling Featherston’s
request the trial court conducted an adequate inquiry of Featherston’s concerns on
the record, and determined that no legal basis existed to grant Featherston’s request
for new counsel. (Id. at 18). Additionally, the court found that the conflict in
communication between Featherston and his attorney was not so great as to prevent
an adequate defense, and that trial counsel “[could] be ready for the trial.” (Id.).
{¶34} The record also demonstrates that Featherston’s breakdown of
communication with his attorney was short lived as Featherston’s counsel advised
the court that he was able to discuss another plea offer with Featherston at a
subsequent hearing. (09/27/2016 Tr. at 4-5). Moreover, consistent with the Ohio
Supreme Court’s reasoning in State v. Cowans, the evidence in the record supports
that the breakdown in communication was temporary, and as such, Featherston and
his attorney’s communication concerns did not rise to the level of a “complete
breakdown” or “total lack of communication” warranting the appointment of
substitute counsel. See, Cowans, 87 Ohio St. 3d 68, 73-74, 1999-Ohio-250, 717
N.E.2d 298.
4
Featherston directs us to the portion of the record where defense counsel asserted that “communication * *
* is tenuous, at best, and so there has been a breakdown in communication,” and trial counsel’s assertion that
the difficulty in the “communication is so poor between us that I think [it] inhibits” trial preparation. (Id. at
13, 15).
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{¶35} Thus, under the facts of this case, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by overruling Featherston’s motion for a new attorney. Appellant’s
second assignment of error is therefore overruled.
Third Assignment of Error
{¶36} In his third assignment of error, Featherston asserts that the trial court
erred when it failed to exclude hearsay testimony; that the hearsay admitted was not
harmless error; and that the trial court’s error violated his right to due process and a
fair trial. For the following reasons, we find no merit to appellant’s argument.
Standard of Review
{¶37} “‘[T]he trial court’s decision to admit hearsay is not governed by the
test of abuse of discretion. * * *. Instead, errors relating to the trial court’s
admission of hearsay must be reviewed in light of Evid.R. 103(A) and the standard
established in Crim.R. 52(A), providing that such errors are harmless unless the
record demonstrates that the errors affected a party’s substantial right.” State v.
Richcreek, 196 Ohio App. 3d 505, 2011-Ohio-4686, 964 N.E.2d 442, ¶ 31 (6th
Dist.). On appeal, challenged hearsay is subject to de novo review under the
applicable hearsay rule * * *.” Id. at ¶ 32.
Analysis
{¶38} Featherston asserts that there were a number of hearsay objections that
were overruled by the trial court in error. Specifically, Featherston identifies five
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examples of objected to hearsay, which he asserts shouldn’t have been permitted,
and resulted in his failure to receive a fair trial. For ease of analysis, we chose to
discuss the hearsay issues separately and by deponent.
Payne’s Testimony
{¶39} The first error presented by Featherston involves Payne’s alleged
hearsay testimony. During his direct examination Payne testified as follows: “I
think it was Detective Seely [sic] had called me and said that they had found the
vehicle,” which defense counsel objected to on the basis of hearsay. (09/28/2016
Tr. at 14). After a brief discussion, the trial court permitted Payne to testify that his
truck was found in Ohio. (Id.) Later in the trial Detective Seely testified that he
told Payne that his (Payne’s) vehicle was located in Ohio. (Id. at 44-45). Assuming,
arguendo, that Payne’s testimony was hearsay, any error in its admission was
harmless because Detective Seely (the declarant) testified as to locating Payne’s
vehicle in Ohio. Accordingly, Featherston’s due process and hearsay concerns
regarding Payne’s testimony are without merit as the declarant of the statement was
available to testify to the truth of the statement. Thus, any error in the admission of
Payne’s statement was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
Detective Seely’s Testimony
{¶40} Featherston presents several hearsay examples in regards to Detective
Charles Seely’s (“Det. Seely”) testimony. Featherston asserts that Seely testified
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that Payne told him (Seely) that Featherston did not have permission to possess his
truck, his gun, or his credit cards. However, our review of the record reveals this
assertion to be inaccurate. During his direct examination Det. Seely testified as
follows:
Prosecutor: As part of your investigation, did you have contact
with Mr. Payne to determine if he gave anybody permission to
have his truck or use his credit card, or have his credit cards?
Det. Seely: Yes I did.
Counsel for Featherston: Objection. Hearsay.
Prosecutor: Your Honor, it is confirmation. The testimony is
confirmation of his investigation.
Trial Court: Objection overruled.
Prosecutor: Please answer the question sir.
Det. Seely: On the 17th I called Mr. Payne and had a conversation
with him.
(09/28/2016 Tr. at 52).
{¶41} Here, Det. Seely’s testimony was not offered to prove the truth of the
matter asserted. Rather, Det. Seely’s testimony establishes that he contacted Payne
on June 17th to further his investigation as to the stolen property and its use.
Because this statement is not offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted,5 it is
5
Appellant seems to confuse Det. Seely’s above referenced testimony for the proposition that Payne told
Det. Seely that he didn’t give anyone permission to use his (Payne’s) truck, gun, or credit card. Had that
been the actual testimony of Det. Seely hearsay analysis would have been appropriate.
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not hearsay and the trial court correctly allowed Det. Seely to testify as to his
investigation of the stolen property.
{¶42} Featherston also asserts that Det. Seely’s use of an internet mapping
service to discern the distance between Featherston’s and Payne’s homes in Texas
amounted to hearsay. Det. Seely testified that he used Google Maps to approximate
the distance between Featherston and Payne’s Texas residences was between four
(4) and seven (7) miles. (Id. at 57-58). “Pursuant to the definition of hearsay,
hearsay must first be an out-of-court statement.” State v. Armstead, 85 Ohio App. 3d
247, 253, 619 N.E.2d 513 (3rd Dist.1993). Testifying about using a mapping service,
upon a proper foundation, does not constitute assertive conduct, an oral declaration,
or a written declaration made by Det. Seely to prove the truth of the matter asserted.
Id. Thus, this conduct does not meet the definition of hearsay, and Featherston’s
argument regarding the admission of this testimony is without merit.
{¶43} Lastly, Featherston asserts that when Det. Seely testified that Payne
told him that he did not sign a credit card receipt at the Kenton gas station, such
testimony was hearsay. However, our review of the record reveals that Payne
testified that he did not sign the receipt at the local gas station and was subject to
cross examination on his testimony. (09/28/2016 Tr. at 33, 35). Thus, because
Payne, as the declarant testified on this matter and was subject to cross-examination,
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Det. Seely’s testimony is not hearsay pursuant to Evid.R. 801(D). As such,
Featherston’s hearsay arguments attributable to Det. Seely are without merit.
Detective McKee’s Testimony
{¶44} Featherston’s final contention concerning inadmissible hearsay
statements being admitted involves the testimony of Detective Michael McKee
(“Det. McKee”). Featherston contends that Det. McKee’s testimony to establish
that the handgun found in Featherston’s bedroom was identified by Payne as his
handgun constituted inadmissible hearsay. Featherston further asserts that because
Payne testified prior to Det. McKee and did not identify his handgun during his
testimony, Det. McKee’s testimony as to Payne’s out of court identification of his
handgun was hearsay.
{¶45} Our review of the record reveals that competent and credible evidence
exists in the record to support the inference that the gun found in the bedroom where
Featherston was staying belonged to Payne. For example, the State proved that
Payne’s truck was found in Ohio and was driven by Featherston. (09/28/2016 Tr.
at 51). The State also proved that Featherston used Payne’s credit card found in his
wallet left in his truck while he was in Kenton. (Id. at 11, 172-174, 201). The State
also proved that Payne’s personal belongings were intermingled with Featherston’s
belongings, both in Payne’s truck and in the bedroom of the Ohio residence where
Featherston was staying. (Id. at 24-25). Given these inferences, the jury could
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reasonably infer that the handgun found in the bedroom where Featherston was
staying, was in fact the handgun Payne left in his truck.
{¶46} We also find that these stated inferences are not “stacked,” but can be
inferred from separate facts, and as such, are reasonable inferences for the fact-
finder to consider. See Cowans, 87 Ohio St. 3d 68, 78, 1999-Ohio-250, 717 N.E.2d
298. As such, we find that under the facts of this case, even if the admission of the
testimony of Det. Seely was impermissibly permitted because of hearsay, the
admission was harmless error beyond a reasonable doubt. Accordingly,
Featherston’s third assignment of error is overruled.
Fourth Assignment of Error
{¶47} In his fourth assignment of error, Featherston asserts that the trial court
erred in accepting the jury’s guilty finding, as the verdicts were against the manifest
weight of the evidence.6 For the following reasons, we disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶48} In analyzing a claim that the conviction was against the manifest
weight of the evidence, an appellate court:
sits as the “thirteenth juror” and may disagree with the fact finder’s
resolution of the conflicting testimony. * * * The appellate court,
‘reviewing the entire record, weighs the evidence and all reasonable
inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines
6
While Featherston attempts to analyze his fourth assignment of error under both a “sufficiency of the
evidence” and a “manifest weight” standard, the argument presented in the fourth assignment of error is a
“manifest weight” argument and we accordingly decline to review said assignment of error under a
sufficiency of the evidence standard.
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whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the
conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered. The
discretionary power to grant a new trial should be exercised only in
the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against
conviction.’
State v. Johnson, 3rd Dist. Shelby No. 17-08-06, 2008-Ohio-4784, ¶ 4 quoting State
v. Jackson, 169 Ohio App. 3d 440, 2006-Ohio-6059, 863 N.E.2d 223, ¶ 14 (citations
omitted). However, in sitting as the thirteenth juror the appellate court should give
due deference to the findings made by the jury. Id.
{¶49} “Weight of the evidence concerns ‘the inclination of the greater
amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the issue rather
than the other. It indicates clearly to the jury that the party having the burden of
proof will be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing the evidence in their minds,
they shall find the greater amount of credible evidence sustains the issue which is
to be established before them. Weight is not a question of mathematics, but depends
on its effect in inducing belief.’” (Emphasis omitted.) State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 387, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997), quoting Black’s Law
Dictionary 1594 (6th Ed.1990).
{¶50} Furthermore, “[t]o reverse a judgment of a trial court on the weight of
the evidence, when the judgment results from a trial by jury, a unanimous
concurrence of all three judges on the court of appeals panel reviewing the case is
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required.” Id. at paragraph four of the syllabus, citing Ohio Constitution, Article
IV, Section 3(B)(3).
Relevant Statutes
{¶51} As discussed above in Assignment of Error I, Featherston was
convicted of three counts of Receiving Stolen Property, in violation of R.C.
2913.51(A),(C). R.C. 2913.51 states, in its pertinent part: “[n]o person shall receive,
retain, or dispose of property of another knowing or having reasonable cause to
believe that the property has been obtained through commission of a theft offense.
* * * Whoever violates this section is guilty of receiving stolen property.”
(Emphasis added.) R.C. 2913.51(A),(C).
{¶52} Featherston was also convicted of one count of Identity Fraud of an
Elderly Person, in violation of R.C. 2913.49(B)(2). R.C. 2913.49(B)(2) states: “[n]o
person, without the express or implied consent of the other person, shall use, obtain,
or possess any personal identifying information of another person with intent to do
[* * *] the following: [r]epresent the other person’s personal identifying information
as the person’s own personal identifying information.” R.C. 2913.49(B)(2). For
purposes of this statute, an Elderly Person is defined in R.C. 2913.01(CC) as: “[…]
a person who is sixty-five years of age or older.” R.C. 2913.01(CC).
{¶53} Lastly, Featherston was convicted of one count of Forgery, in violation
of R.C. 2913.31(A)(1). R.C. 2913.31(A)(1) states, in relevant part: “[n]o person,
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with purpose to defraud, or knowing that the person is facilitating a fraud, shall do
any of the following: [f]orge any writing of another without the other person’s
authority.” R.C. 2913.31 (A)(1).
Evidence Presented
Count I – Receiving Stolen Property
{¶54} In regards to the Count I, Receiving Stolen Property as it pertains to
the motor vehicle, the State presented the testimony of Donald Payne, the vehicle
owner, who testified that his pickup went missing from his residence on June 11,
2016. (09/28/16 Tr. at 10). Additionally, Payne testified that he did not give anyone
permission to take his vehicle, to drive it, or to keep his vehicle for any purpose.
(Id. at 10-11). The State also produced a photo of Payne’s 2007 Honda Ridgeline
pick-up truck, license plate, registration, and interior, which Payne identified as
belonging to him. (Id. at 16-25; State’s Ex. Nos. 2-10, 13). Further, during Payne’s
testimony, he was able to identify the contents of the vehicle that did not belong to
him. (Id. at 23-25; State’s Ex. Nos. 11, 12, 14, 15). In addition to Payne’s testimony
as to his ownership of the truck, the State also produced a certified record from the
Bureau of Motor Vehicles in Texas revealing that Payne was the owner of the 2007
Honda Ridgeline as of June 11, 2016. (Id. at 34; State’s Ex. 49).
{¶55} Det. Seely testified that Featherston was observed driving a 2007
Honda Ridgeline pick-up truck in Kenton, Ohio on June 15, 2016. (Id. at 38-41).
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Det. Seely also testified that after obtaining a complete license plate number, the
aforementioned vehicle came back as Payne’s stolen pick-up. (Id. at 42). Det.
Seely’s testimony also reveals that Featherston was the individual observed driving
the vehicle on June 15th and 16th in Kenton, and was the suspect who was
apprehended upon completion of the traffic stop to recover Payne’s stolen pickup.
(Id. at 48).
{¶56} Kenton, Ohio law enforcement officers involved with interception of
Payne’s stolen pickup truck also identified Featherston as the driver of Payne’s
stolen vehicle. Specifically, Det. McKee and Sgt. Scott Holbrook identified
Featherston as the driver of the stolen truck. (Id. at 113; 252).
Count II – Receiving Stolen Property
{¶57} In regards to Count II, Receiving Stolen Property as it pertains to
Payne’s firearm, Payne testified that his Kahr nine millimeter handgun was located
in the center console of his vehicle at the time his pickup was stolen. (Id. at 12).
{¶58} Det. Seely testified that upon an initial search of the stolen vehicle,
there was no firearm located. (Id. at 53). However, Det. McKee testified that a
search of the residence where Featherston was staying in Kenton revealed that a
Kahr nine millimeter handgun was located in said residence. (Id. at 124).
Additionally, Det. McKee testified that Payne identified the handgun as his. (Id. at
128). The State also introduced the recovered handgun as an exhibit for the jury to
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consider, together with pictures of the location where the handgun was recovered.
(Id. at 124-29; State’s Ex. Nos. 25-31, 43). Lastly, Vicky Spencer, the owner of the
residence where the handgun was recovered, testified that she does not own a gun
and she did not know how a gun got in her home. (Id. at 215-16).
Count III – Receiving Stolen Property
{¶59} In regards to Count III, Receiving Stolen Property as it pertains to
Payne’s credit cards, Payne testified that he had three or four credit cards in his truck
at the time it was stolen, and he stopped payment on all but one credit card that he
forgot about. (Id. at 16). The State produced evidence of each of the recovered
credit cards found in Featherston’s possession, with Payne identifying each of the
credit cards by his name and the last four digits on each card. (Id. at 25-29; State’s
Ex. Nos. 17-19, 47). Additionally, Payne testified that prior to coming to Ohio to
testify, he had never been to Ohio, and he did not authorize Featherston to use his
credit card or sign his name. (Id. at 30-31).
{¶60} In addition to Payne’s testimony, Det. Kemmere, who was involved
with the apprehension of Featherston on June 16, 2016, testified that he located a
pack of cigarettes on Featherston that contained a credit card with Donald Payne’s
name on it. (Id. at 83, 89). Finally, the State produced the credit card that was
located on Featherston as evidence. (Id., State’s Ex. No. 45).
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Count IV – Identify Fraud Against an Elderly
Person & Count V – Forgery
{¶61} In regards to Count IV, Identity Fraud Against an Elderly Person, the
State produced the testimony of Payne to establish that Payne was over the statutory
requirement of 65 to be classified as an elderly person. (Id. at 10). In regards to
Count IV and Count V, Forgery, the state produced receipts, and offered the
testimony of Payne regarding the items purchased. (Id. at 31-32; State’s Ex. Nos.
21-23, 46). Payne testified that he did not make purchases with his credit card at
Walmart in Kenton, Ohio; Dairy Queen in Hamilton, Ohio; Dollar Tree in Illinois;
or at the gas station in Kenton, Ohio where Featherston was first seen by law
enforcement. (Id.). Payne testified that the signature on the gas station credit card
receipt was not his. (Id. at 33).
{¶62} In addition to Payne’s testimony, the State offered the testimony of
Det. Seely to the jury. Det. Seely was able to recover a cell phone that Featherston
purchased on June 15, 2016 at the Kenton, Ohio Walmart with Payne’s credit card.
(Id. at 71). The State also produced the cell phone that was purchased with Payne’s
stolen credit card. (Id.; State’s Ex. No. 48). Additionally, the State produced video
footage and camera still shots from Walmart showing Featherston making purchases
at its Kenton, Ohio store on June 16, 2016. (Id. at 146-49; State’s Ex. Nos. 32, 33).
{¶63} Further, the State also elicited testimony from Samantha Oreglia, an
employee at the Kenton Walmart, who identified Featherston in court as the person
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who purchased the items on June 16, 2016. Further, the State entered into evidence
a copy of the Walmart receipt Featherston signed, as Payne, on June 16. (Id. at 187;
State’s Ex. No. 34).
{¶64} Lastly, the State also offered the testimony of Lori Treen (“Treen”), a
clerk at the local gas station where Featherston was observed, to the jury. Treen
testified that Featherston was the individual who stopped at the store and purchased
various items from the gas station, swiped the credit card, and signed as Donald
Payne. (Id. 195-96, 202). Additionally, the State also produced a copy of the receipt
containing a list of the items purchased and Payne’s forged signature. (Id. at 201;
State’s Ex. Nos 24, 46).
Analysis
{¶65} Our review of the record reveals that competent and credible evidence
was presented to the jury and demonstrates that the jury was able to consider all
issues before them. Consistent with the rationale in Johnson, we have weighed the
evidence and all reasonable inferences and do not find that the jury clearly lost its
way by its verdicts of guilty. Thus, from our review of the record set forth above,
we cannot say that a manifest miscarriage of justice occurred.
{¶66} Moreover, since we are guided by the presumption that the jury was
in the best position to view the witnesses and weigh the credibility of the proffered
testimony, we cannot say that the jury lost its way in convicting Featherston of three
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counts of Receiving Stolen Property, one count of Identity Fraud Against a Person
in a Protected Class, and one count of Forgery. See State v. Vencill, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 11AP-1050, 2012-Ohio-4419, ¶ 11.
{¶67} Accordingly, we overrule the fourth assignment of error.
{¶68} Having found no error prejudicial to the Appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the Appellant’s convictions in the trial
court.
Judgment Affirmed
WILLAMOWSKI and SHAW, J.J., concur.
/jlr
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