P. v. Hasan CA4/2 ( 2013 )

Filed 8/2/13 P. v. Hasan CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E057001
v. (Super.Ct.No. RIF1104391)
OMAR ABDULLAH HASAN, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Becky Dugan, Judge.
Affirmed.
Lewis A. Wenzell, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Alana Cohen Butler and James D.
Dutton, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
Defendant and appellant Omar Abdullah Hasan pled guilty to grand theft (Pen.
Code, § 487, subd. (a)),1 passing a forged check (§ 475, subd. (a)), forgery (§ 470,
subd. (d)), and commercial burglary (§§ 459-460, subd. (d)). Defendant also admitted
that he had suffered two prior prison terms and one prior strike conviction (§ 667,
subd. (e)(1)). In return, defendant was sentenced to a total term of 32 months in state
prison with credit for time served of 83 days of actual credit and 40 days of conduct
credit, for a total of 123 days.
On appeal, defendant contends that his presentence custody credit should have
been calculated under the amended section 4019, effective October 1, 2011, for all days
served in custody on and after the effective date as a matter of statutory construction, for
an additional award of 15 days. We reject this contention and affirm the judgment.
I
DISCUSSION2
Penal Code section 4019 allows inmates to receive conduct credit (for work and
good behavior) while they are in custody prior to sentencing. Historically, the statute
entitled defendants to “one-for-two conduct credits, which is two days for every four days
of actual time served in presentence custody. [Citation.]” (People v. Rajanayagam
(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 42, 48 (Rajanayagam).) But in light of the state’s budget crisis,
1 All future statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated.
2 The details of defendant’s criminal conduct are not relevant to the limited legal
issue raised in this appeal, and we will not recount them here.
2
the Legislature began rethinking that formula in 2010. (Ibid.) As part of the Criminal
Justice Realignment Act of 2011 (Realignment Act), the Legislature amended section
4019 to allow defendants to earn presentence conduct credit at the rate of one-for-one.
(Ibid; § 4019, subd. (f) [“It is the intent of the Legislature that if all days are earned under
this section, a term of four days will be deemed to have been served for every two days
spent in actual custody.”].)
However, that amendment did not take effect until October 1, 2011.
(Rajanayagam, supra, 211 Cal.App.4th at pp. 49-50.) And, the Legislature made it clear
that it did not intend the amendment to be applied retroactively. Subdivision (h) of
section 4019 expressly states that the credit rate increase provided for in the Realignment
Act “shall apply prospectively and shall apply to prisoners who are confined to a county
jail . . . for a crime committed on or after October 1, 2011. Any days earned by a
prisoner prior to October 1, 2011, shall be calculated at the rate required by the prior
law.” (§ 4019, subd. (h).)
Utilizing the preamendment rate, the trial court in this case awarded defendant 40
days of presentence conduct credits, based on 83 days of actual custody, for a total of 123
days credit. Defendant admits the preamendment rate applies for the time he spent in
custody from the date of his offense on August 10, 2011 until September 30, 2011.
However, he contends, as a matter of statutory construction, he should be given the
enhanced credit rate for the 30 days he was in custody after October 1 to the day he was
sentenced.
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That would result in defendant receiving an additional 15 days of presentence
conduct credit but, as the court explained in Rajanayagam, the standard principles of
statutory construction do not support that result. The second sentence of section 4019,
subdivision (h), does imply that conduct credits should be awarded at the enhanced rate
for time spent in custody after October 1, 2011. But that would render the provision’s
first sentence regarding prospective application meaningless, which would contravene the
well-established tenet that statutes should be construed in a manner so as to give meaning
to all of their provisions. (Rajanayagam, supra, 211 Cal.App.4th at p. 51.)
Although section 4019 could have been drafted more artfully, defendant’s
proposed construction would also undermine the Legislature’s intent, as reflected in the
first sentence, that the enhanced credit rate shall apply only to those defendants who
committed their crimes on or after October 1, 2011. “To imply the enhanced conduct
credit provision applies to defendants who committed their crimes before [that] date but
served time in local custody after [that] date reads too much into the statute and ignores
the Legislature’s clear intent in subdivision (h)’s first sentence.” (Rajanayagam, supra,
211 Cal.App.4th at p. 52, fn. omitted.)
Moreover, absent a clearly manifested intent to the contrary, there is a legal
presumption that all statutes operate prospectively. (Evangelatos v. Superior Court
(1988) 44 Cal.3d 1188, 1208-1209.) Statutes ambiguous with respect to retroactive
application are to be construed as prospective. (Ibid.; People v. Brown (2012) 54 Cal.4th
314 (Brown); see also Lindh v. Murphy (1997) 521 U.S. 320, 328, fn. 4 [statute applied
retroactively only where statutory language is “so clear that it could sustain only one
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interpretation”].) One noted exception to the presumption of prospective application
exists where the Legislature reduces the punishment for a particular offense. (In re
Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740, 748.) However, section 4019 merely addresses future
conduct; it does not alter the penalty for any particular crime and that exception is not
applicable here. (People v. Ellis (2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 1546, 1551 (Ellis); see also
Brown, at p. 325.)
Defendant points out that, in deciding a 2010 amendment to section 4019 should
be applied prospectively only, our Supreme Court in Brown, supra, 54 Cal.4th 314surmised that to apply the amendment in that fashion would result in defendants whose
custody overlapped the statute’s operative date earning conduct credit at two different
rates. (Id. at p. 322.) That conclusion is inapplicable here, as the court was addressing
the amendment to section 4019 that became effective January 25, 2010, not the current
section 4019. (Brown, supra, at p. 318; Stats. 2009, 3d Ex.Sess. 2009-2010, ch. 28,
§ 50.) The former statute did not contain an express provision regarding prospective
application, as it does now; and Brown did not hold, as defendant’s argument suggests,
that any subsequent amendment to section 4019, regardless of express language or
legislative intent, would result in two accrual rates if it became effective during a
defendant’s incarceration. (See Rajanayagam, supra, 211 Cal.App.4th at p. 52, fn. 4.)
Consistent with that expression, we interpret section 4019 and the enhanced credit
provisions contained therein as applying only to defendants who commit a crime on or
after October 1, 2011. Given that defendant committed his crime before October 1, 2011,
he does not come within the scope of those provisions.
5
The Court of Appeal in Ellis, supra, 207 Cal.App.4th 1546 similarly concluded:
“In our view, the Legislature’s clear intent was to have the enhanced rate apply only to
those defendants who committed their crimes on or after October 1, 2011. [Citation.]
The second sentence does not extend the enhanced rate to any other group, but merely
specifies the rate at which all others are to earn conduct credits. So read, the sentence is
not meaningless, especially in light of the fact the October 1, 2011, amendment to section
4019, although part of the so-called realignment legislation, applies based on the date a
defendant’s crime is committed, whereas section 1170, subdivision (h), which sets out the
basic sentencing scheme under realignment, applies based on the date a defendant is
sentenced.” (Ellis, supra, 207 Cal.App.4th at p. 1553.)
We agree with the reasoning of the Rajanayagam and Ellis courts and reach the
same conclusion. The plain language of section 4019, subdivision (h), makes clear the
amendment’s new credit calculation rate applies only to individuals who are confined for
a crime committed on or after October 1, 2011. Reasonably read, the second sentence
does not permit a court to ignore this plain language. We thus reject defendant’s
contention he is statutorily entitled to conduct credits at the increased rate provided in the
amended version of section 4019 from October 1 to the date he was sentenced.
II
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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RAMIREZ
P. J.
We concur:
HOLLENHORST
J.
MILLER
J.
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