People v. Vessels CA3 ( 2022 )

Filed 12/14/22 P. v. Vessels CA3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(Glenn)
----
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, C094275
v. (Super. Ct. No. 20CR15632)
JAMES RANDALL VESSELS,
Defendant and Appellant.
Appointed counsel for defendant James Randall Vessels asked this court to review
the record and determine whether there are any arguable issues on appeal. (People v.
Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 (Wende).) We asked the parties to provide supplemental
briefing on the following: (1) whether defendant is entitled to relief under recent changes
in sentencing law, such as Senate Bill No. 567 (2021-2022 Reg. Sess.) (Stats. 2021,
ch. 731, § 1.3) (Senate Bill 567), and, if so, the appropriate remedy given that he entered
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into an open plea agreement in 2019; and (2) whether this court should address the
absence of Penal Code section 1202.451 revocation fines in 2019 and 2021.
Having reviewed the supplemental briefing and the record as required by Wende,
we will remand the matter for resentencing to allow the trial court to exercise its new
sentencing discretion based on applicable changes in the law, including Senate Bill
No. 81 (2021-2022 Reg. Sess.) (Stats. 2021, ch. 721, § 1) (Senate Bill 81). Section
1202.45 revocation fines can be addressed at resentencing. Finding no other arguable
error that would result in a disposition more favorable to defendant, we will otherwise
affirm the judgment.
I
In 2019, defendant pleaded guilty to multiple charges as part of an open plea. The
trial court sentenced defendant to county jail for an aggregate term of eight years as
follows: in case No. 18NCR12790 (2790), the upper term of three years for identity theft
(§§ 530.5, subd. (c)(3)) plus two years consecutive for an on-bail enhancement
(§ 12022.1); in case No. 18NCR13501 (3501), eight months consecutive for possessing
drugs in jail (§ 4573.8); in case No. 18NCR13351 (3351), eight months consecutive for
vandalism (§ 594, subd. (a)); in case No. 18NCR12665 (2665), eight months consecutive
for failing to appear after release (§ 1320, subd. (b)); and in case No. 17NCR11885
(1885), one year consecutive for transporting a controlled substance for sale (Health &
Saf. Code, § 11379, subd. (a)). The trial court did not explain why it imposed the upper
term in case No. 2790. Pursuant to section 1170, subdivision (h), the trial court ordered a
split sentence, with the last four years of the sentence suspended and defendant placed on
mandatory supervision. The trial court awarded the following presentence credit:
1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
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569 days total in case No. 2790, three days total in case No. 2665, and 21 days total in
case No. 1885.
The trial court ordered defendant to pay a $300 restitution fine in each case under
section 1202.4; it did not order a corresponding $300 mandatory supervision revocation
fine under section 1202.45, subdivisions (b) and (c).
In 2020, the People charged defendant in case No. 20CR15632 (5632) with four
counts of identity theft (§ 530.5, subd. (a)) and conspiracy to cheat or defraud a company
(§ 182, subd. (a)(4)). In February 2021, defendant admitted violating mandatory
supervision in case Nos. 2790, 3501, 3351, 2665, and 1885, and the trial court revoked
mandatory supervision. Later that month, in case No. 5632, defendant pleaded guilty to
one count of identity theft. (§ 530.5, subd. (a).) All remaining charges and allegations in
the case were dismissed. The parties agreed defendant would be sentenced to eight
months, consecutive to the sentences in the five earlier cases.
In March 2021, the trial court sentenced defendant to county jail for eight months
consecutive in case No. 5632 and ordered defendant to serve the remainder of his
sentence for the five earlier cases (totaling 974 days) in county jail. (§ 1170, subd. (h).)
In case No. 5632, the trial court ordered defendant to pay a $300 restitution fine but did
not order a corresponding revocation fine. (§§ 1202.4, 1202.45.) The trial court assigned
defendant’s presentence custody credit to the five earlier cases and did not award
presentence credit in case No. 5632.
Defendant did not obtain a certificate of probable cause.
II
Appointed counsel filed an opening brief setting forth the facts of the case and
asking this court to review the record and determine whether there are any arguable
issues on appeal. (Wende, supra, 25 Cal.3d 436.) Defendant was advised by counsel of
the right to file a supplemental brief within 30 days of the date of filing the opening brief.
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We asked the parties to provide supplemental briefing, and the parties provided
such briefing. We address the briefed issues in turn.
A
Senate Bill 567 altered the statutory scheme for selecting between triad terms
under section 1170, subdivision (b). (Stats. 2021, ch. 731, §§ 1.3, 2.) In light of these
changes, and consistent with the agreement of the parties in supplemental briefing that
the changes apply retroactively to defendant’s nonfinal judgment (see, e.g., People v.
Zabelle (2022) 80 Cal.App.5th 1098, 1109; People v. Conaster (2020) 53 Cal.App.5th
1223, 1229), we will remand the matter to allow the trial court to exercise its new
sentencing discretion.
In addition, section 1385 was amended by Senate Bill 81 to specify factors that the
trial court must consider when deciding whether to strike enhancements from a
defendant’s sentence in the interest of justice. (Stats. 2021, ch. 721, § 1.) Since these
new requirements apply to any sentence imposed after January 1, 2022 (§ 1385,
subd. (c)(7)), we agree with the parties that the trial court must apply applicable changes
in the law when resentencing defendant.
B
When a court imposes a restitution fine under section 1202.4, it is generally also
required to impose a corresponding revocation fine in the same amount as the restitution
fine. (§ 1202.45, subds. (a)-(b); People v. Smith (2001) 24 Cal.4th 849, 853.) Defendant
acknowledges that, under Smith, the omission of the section 1202.45 fine in 2021 should
be addressed.
With respect to the 2019 cases, defendant argues that imposing revocation fines
would violate the ex post facto clause because the trial court revoked mandatory
supervision in the 2019 cases, citing People v. Callejas (2000) 85 Cal.App.4th 667 in
support. He argues imposing the fines would subject him to harsher punishment. (Id. at
p. 670.)
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“A statute violates the ex post facto clause when, on its face or as applied, it
retroactively ‘ “increase[s] the punishment for criminal acts.’ ” Thus the prohibition on
ex post facto laws prevents the government from changing the punishment for a criminal
act after the act has been performed.” (People v. Callejas, supra, 85 Cal.App.4th at
p. 670, fns. omitted.) Unlike the defendant in Callejas, here defendant committed the
crimes underlying his 2019 convictions many years after section 1202.45 was enacted.
Because the section 1202.45 revocation fines relate to the 2019 convictions, the
revocation fines would not violate the ex post facto clause.
In any event, because we will remand the matter, proper application of the
revocation fines can be addressed at resentencing.
Having undertaken an examination of the entire record, we have found no other
arguable error that would result in a disposition more favorable to defendant.
DISPOSITION
The sentence is vacated and the matter remanded with directions to resentence
defendant in a manner consistent with current law. The judgment is otherwise affirmed.
/S/
MAURO, J.
We concur:
/S/
ROBIE, Acting P. J.
/S/
RENNER, J.
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