Marriage of Kiefer CA4/1 ( 2014 )

Filed 11/7/14 Marriage of Kiefer CA4/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In re the Marriage of DENNY L. and
CATHERINE D. KIEFER.
D064973
DENNY L. KIEFER,
Appellant, (Super. Ct. No. ED68190)
v.
CATHERINE D. KIEFER,
Respondent.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Darlene A.
White, Judge. Affirmed.
Patrick J. McCrary for Appellant.
No appearance for Respondent.
In 2009, the court entered an order (the Order) requiring Denny Kiefer (Denny) to
pay child support for his child for a certain period, and also ordered him to pay spousal
support to his former wife, Catherine Kiefer (Catherine). Denny stopped paying spousal
support after December 2012, and Catherine filed a motion seeking to enforce Denny's
alleged obligation and to set an arrearages amount. Denny opposed the motion,
contending the language of the Order made the obligation to pay spousal support
coextensive with the obligation to pay child support and, because the child support
obligation had expired, his obligation to pay spousal support had also expired.
The court examined the language of the Order in the context of the transcript of
the underlying proceedings, concluded the spousal support obligation did not terminate
on expiration of Denny's child support obligations, and granted Catherine's motion for an
order enforcing the spousal support order and setting arrearages. On appeal, Denny
contends the trial court's construction of the Order was erroneous, arguing the language
of that order clearly and unambiguously made the obligation to pay spousal support
coextensive with the obligation to pay child support, and it was error for the trial court to
consider parol evidence to interpret that order.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In dissolution proceedings following a long-term marriage, the court held a
contested hearing on the issues of child and spousal support in March 2008. The court
made extensive findings on various factors pursuant to Family Code section 4320, and
entered the Order that Denny pay child support of $650 per month until their daughter
(then nearly 16-1/2 years old) reached the earlier of 19 years of age or 18 years of age
and not a full-time high school student. The court also ordered Denny to pay a reduced
monthly spousal support payment of $1220 per month, but specified:
"This order shall not be a final order. This order shall remain in
effect for as long as there is a child support obligation. The parties
2
should return to court to determine spousal support at the expiration
of the child support obligation."
In December 2012 Denny informed Catherine that he would cease paying spousal
support. Catherine moved to enforce the Order's spousal support obligations, and to set
arrearages. Denny opposed the motion arguing that, under the terms of the Order, the
spousal support order was coterminous with his child support obligation and, because the
child support obligation had expired several years earlier, the spousal support order had
also expired. The court examined the Order in the context of the transcript of the March
2008 hearing at which the court announced its determinations and concluded the proper
construction of the intent of the order was that the amount set as spousal support was to
continue until the child support obligation expired and the parties could revisit the
amount after that time but, barring a motion and order establishing a new and different
amount, the amount set as spousal support was to continue. The court ordered that the
amount of spousal support set in the Order was to remain in effect and set arrearages
owed by Denny to Catherine.
ANALYSIS
A. Legal Principles
The single issue presented is the construction of the Order. " 'The meaning and
effect of a judgment is determined according to the rules governing the interpretation of
writings generally. [Citations.] " '[T]he entire document is to be taken by its four corners
and construed as a whole to effectuate the obvious intention.' " [Citations.] " 'No
particular part or clause in the judgment is to be seized upon and given the power to
3
destroy the remainder if such effect can be avoided.' " [Citations.] [¶] Where an
ambiguity exists, the court may examine the entire record to determine the judgment's
scope and effect. [Citations.] The court may also " 'refer to the circumstances
surrounding the making of the order or judgment, [and] to the condition of the cause in
which it was entered.' " [Citations.]' " (In re Marriage of Richardson (2002) 102
Cal. App. 4th 941, 948-949.)
The statutory rules governing the interpretations of contracts generally, which can
include consideration of parol evidence, apply equally to judgments. (In re Marriage of
Iberti (1997) 55 Cal. App. 4th 1434, 1439.) Under parol evidence principles, "[t]he test of
whether parol evidence is admissible to construe an ambiguity is not whether the
language appears to the court to be unambiguous, but whether the evidence presented is
relevant to prove a meaning to which the language is 'reasonably susceptible.' " (Winet v.
Price (1992) 4 Cal. App. 4th 1159, 1165.) Thus, language of a judgment is ambiguous if it
is susceptible of more than one reasonable interpretation and, provided it supports a
meaning to which the language is reasonably susceptible, extrinsic evidence is admissible
to prove the intent of ambiguous terms in a marital judgment. (In re Marriage of Iberti,
supra.)
Where the extrinsic evidence admitted to construe a judgment is not in conflict, we
are not bound by the trial court's interpretation of the judgment but instead must apply de
novo review to construe the judgment. (Fox v. Fox (1954) 42 Cal. 2d 49, 52-53; cf. Winet
v. Price, supra, 4 Cal.App.4th at p. 1166.)
4
B. Analysis
We must determine the intent of the language employed in the Order insofar as it
ordered Denny to pay spousal support of $1220 per month starting in March 2008 and
stated the Order "shall remain in effect for as long as there is a child support obligation."
Denny argues the language plainly and unambiguously showed the intent was to reduce
spousal support to zero within the next 19 to 31 months after the Order, because that was
the timeframe within which his child support obligation would also end. Catherine
contended below, and the trial court found, that the intent was the amount of $1220 per
month "shall remain in effect for as long as there is a child support obligation," and that
although the parties could thereafter "return to court . . . at the expiration of the child
support obligation" to revisit whether the amount of $1220 remained appropriate, the
ordered amount would continue absent a new and different order.
We conclude, considering the extrinsic evidence, the Order is reasonably
susceptible to the interpretation that the intent of the Order was for the amount of $1220
per month to "remain in effect for as long as there is a child support obligation," and the
ordered amount would continue absent a new and different order should either party
decide to return to court after the expiration of the child support obligation to revisit
whether the amount of $1220 remained appropriate. The transcript of the 2008 hearing
supports this construction: the trial court in 2008, after announcing the amount would be
$1220 per month, stated, "That is not a final order. That goes on beyond the child
support" (italics added) and then recognized the parties are "continuing in flux" and
therefore "it's important that the parties do come back to the court and revisit the issue of
5
spousal support, if necessary." (Italics added.) The court then reiterated it was not a final
order, but instead that it was reserving jurisdiction and expected the parties would return
"if they are not satisfied with the current situation" (italics added), which at that time was
payment of $1220 per month as spousal support.
We also note other interpretive aids support the construction that we, along with
the trial court, have adopted. First, Denny continued paying the amount of the ordered
spousal support for a long period after he knew the child support obligation had expired,
which places a practical construction on the ambiguous language. (See, e.g., Alameda
County Flood Control & Water Conservation Dist. v. Department of Water Resources
(2013) 213 Cal. App. 4th 1163, 1202 [subsequent acts of the parties can shed light on
intent of ambiguous language].) Second, this was a lengthy marriage, and our Supreme
Court has held that courts should be reticent about terminating spousal support in lengthy
marriages unless the record clearly shows the supported spouse will be able to adequately
meet his or her financial needs at the time selected. (See In re Marriage of Morrison
(1978) 20 Cal. 3d 437, 453.) Denny's interpretation, if adopted, suggests the court
intended to reduce Catherine's support to zero immediately on her youngest child's
reaching an age at which she had graduated high school or might no longer need her
mother's parental care, without providing any cushion of time for Catherine to begin the
journey toward becoming self-supporting and without requiring any showing Catherine
would in fact be able to become self-supporting during the time her daughter was still at
home. There is nothing in the record suggesting that, at the time the spousal support
order was entered, the court expected Catherine would be able to become self-supporting
6
while still having care of her minor child. We believe the trial court correctly construed
the Order and therefore affirm the judgment.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed. Catherine is entitled to costs on appeal.
McDONALD, J.
WE CONCUR:
BENKE, Acting P. J.
NARES, J.
7