People v. Holmes CA2/1 ( 2014 )

Filed 3/5/14 P. v. Holmes CA2/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
THE PEOPLE, B245636
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. NA065201)
v.
ANTHONY HOLMES,
Defendant and Appellant.
Appeal from denial of Petition for Writ of Error Coram Nobis. Jesse I. Rodriguez,
Judge. Affirmed.
Donald I. Stansbarger, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Taryle,
Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Pamela C. Hamanaka, Deputy Attorney General,
for Plaintiff and Respondent.
________________________
Appellant Anthony Holmes appeals from the superior court’s denial of his petition
for writ of error coram nobis, based on his allegation of newly discovered evidence
showing his innocence of charges for which he had earlier pleaded no contest and had
served his sentence. The court denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing, finding
that the petition failed to raise a prima facie case for relief. We conclude that Holmes is
ineligible for the relief he seeks under the facts alleged in his petition and the record in
this case. On this basis we affirm the denial of his petition.
Background
In April 2005, defendant Anthony Holmes was charged in a felony complaint with
four counts alleging possession of a firearm by a felon (Pen. Code, § 12021, subd. (a)(1)),
possession of ammunition (Pen. Code, § 12316, subd. (b)(1)), possession for sale of a
controlled substance, methamphetamine (Health & Saf. Code, § 11378), and possession
of marijuana for sale (Health & Saf. Code, § 11359). At least a portion of the drugs had
been found during a search, pursuant to warrant, in a common-area storage room of the
apartment building in which Holmes and his family lived.1 Three prior prison terms were
alleged.
1
A March 22, 2005 search of Holmes’s car had resulted in seizure of a .40-caliber
pistol loaded with a loaded 10-round magazine, and $4,452 in currency. Upon his arrest
as a felon in possession of a firearm, a bag containing a small quantity of marijuana was
found in his pocket. In a subsequent canine search of the car, a narcotics-trained dog
located an aerosol spray can with a false bottom, of the sort used by drug traffickers to
conceal contraband.
The items found in Holmes’s apartment in a search the next day pursuant to a
warrant included two plastic bags containing 1.45 grams of cocaine and 67.41 grams of
marijuana, respectively; two pouches containing $3,795 and $657, respectively, totaling
$4,452; a bullet-proof vest; two digital scales; brass knuckles; two throwing knives and a
knife sheath; a gun holster; two 10-round nine-millimeter ammunition magazines and one
10-round .40-caliber ammunition magazine; and 110 rounds of ammunition of various
calibers (two of which were hollow-point bullets), including .45-caliber, .40-caliber, .38-
caliber, and .32-caliber. From a storage room of the apartment building the police
recovered a black suitcase with an attached nametag bearing Holmes’s name, containing
1,073.04 grams of methamphetamine and 15 pounds of marijuana.
2
Following trial court proceedings resulting in suppression of the evidence and
dismissal of the complaint, the complaint was reinstated and consolidated with a fifth
charge of transportation for sale of marijuana (Health & Saf. Code, 11360, subd. (a)). In
March 2006, Holmes pleaded no contest to all five counts, and admitted the complaint’s
special allegations. Following counsel’s stipulation to the factual basis for the plea based
on the police report and the preliminary hearing transcript, the court found the pleas to
have been voluntarily and intelligently made, and factually supported. Holmes was given
a suspended sentence of 10 years and 8 months, with five years of formal probation and
365 days in county jail.
In May 2010, Holmes had served his jail time and received early termination of
his probation. On August 7, 2012, Holmes’s petition for dismissal of his case was
granted. (Pen. Code, § 1203.4.)2
On August 13, 2012, Holmes filed a verified petition for writ of error coram nobis,
seeking to vacate the conviction resulting from his plea bargain, based on newly
discovered evidence “that completely undermines the prosecution’s case against Holmes
and points to his innocence and will prove that Holmes is actually innocent” of the crimes
for which he was convicted. The petition alleged that in May or June 2012, a long-time
friend and family acquaintance named Victor Schwarm had learned that the 2005 charges
against Holmes, and Holmes’s 2006 plea to them, arose from drugs found in the storage
room of the apartment building in which Holmes and his family lived, and that Holmes
was then facing extended incarceration in a pending federal case due to his 2006 plea in
2
Under this provision, following completion of probation an offender may in
some circumstances petition the court to withdraw a guilty plea and enter a not guilty
plea or set aside a verdict of guilty and have the matter dismissed. (Pen. Code, § 1203.4.)
Even after dismissal, however, the fact of the conviction may be used for certain
purposes, such as a prior conviction used to enhance punishment. (Adams v. County of
Sacramento (1991) 235 Cal.App.3d 872, 878.) Because the judgment of conviction
exists for some purposes after the granting of relief under Penal Code section 1203.4, it
remains subject to attack by petition for writ of error coram nobis. (People v.
Wiedersperg (1975) 44 Cal.App.3d 550, 554 [disapproved on another ground in People v.
Kim (2009) 45 Cal.4th 1078, 1103-1104].)
Further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
3
this case. Schwarm then disclosed for the first time to Holmes and his attorney that it
was he who had hidden the drugs in the apartment building’s storage room, and averred
that Holmes had no knowledge of the drugs that the police had found there.
Holmes’s petition attached Schwarm’s two-page statement, dated and notarized
August 11, 2012, detailing how he and his brother had obtained the drugs from the
backyard of a house at which he was doing plumbing work; how he had secretly hidden
the drugs in an empty suitcase in the apartment’s storage room, intending to later figure
out what to do with them; how a few days later, shortly after Holmes’s arrest, he had
found that the drugs were gone from the storage room, but he did not know what had
happened to them; and how he had not told anyone about the drugs during the ensuing
seven years, because he was “fearful about saying anything about these items to anyone
for a long time,” until he learned in 2012 that Holmes was facing “significant prison
time” for federal charges due to his earlier plea on the drug charges.
The petition contends that Schwarm’s statement shows that Holmes was innocent
of the crimes on which his 2006 plea and conviction was based, and that this evidence
could not have been discovered earlier.
The People’s return to the petition admitted many of the petition’s allegations,
with notable exceptions. It expressly denied the petition’s allegation that the drugs found
in the suitcase were not in Holmes’s possession or control, citing three facts: (1) the
suitcase’s attached nametag bore Holmes’s name; (2) when Holmes saw that the police
had recovered the suitcase containing the drugs, Holmes had said to them that “[a]ll that
stuff is mine,” and that the others in the apartment knew nothing about it, and he had
asked what he could do to make some kind of a deal; and (3) Holmes had said in a
recorded interview at the police station that the drugs in the suitcase had been delivered
to him by a friend with instructions to sell them if possible. The People’s return also
expressly denied the petition’s allegation that Schwarm’s evidence was new, that it had
been unavailable when Holmes had entered his plea, or that it points unerringly to
Holmes’s innocence (based on Holmes’s admissions after the police found the suitcase).
4
Holmes’s traverse to the return (without verification, though signed by Holmes’s
attorney) reaffirmed the petition’s central facts, and alleged a number of additional facts.
It specifically denied that the nametag on the suitcase found in the apartment building
storeroom showed his control of the drugs, because the storeroom was not a part of or
connected to his apartment, because it was not within his control and was accessible to
others (including Schwarm), and because Schwarm had confessed that he had placed the
drugs in the suitcase in the storeroom without Holmes’s knowledge. And it denied that
his admission of possession when the drugs were found shows that the drugs were within
his control, because his statement was not audio recorded. However, the traverse does
not deny Holmes’s possession of—or even mention—the indicia of drug trafficking
(marijuana, cocaine, scales, currency, firearms, ammunition, brass knuckles, and bullet-
proof vest) found in Holmes’s apartment.
The traverse to the return states that Holmes made the audio-recorded admission
of his control of the drugs at the police station only because a named detective had told
him that unless he did so, everyone at the apartment—his grandmother, his mother, his
young son, his brother, his cousin, and a friend—would be jailed. And it repeats the
petition’s allegation that Holmes “had no idea that the drugs were in the black suitcase in
the heater/storage room in the garage when discovered by the police.”
The traverse also repeats the petition’s allegation that the plea bargain offer faced
Holmes with an “impossible decision,” because the case had been dismissed under
section 1538.5 then reinstated under section 871.5 with an additional charge against him,
and his section 995 motion had been denied. He was facing five felony charges, with a
potential for more than 10 years in prison, away from his eight-year-old son, if he did not
plead to the charges, but only one year in county jail and five years probation if he
accepted the plea. While the traverse provides no more information than did the petition
concerning the continuing collateral consequences facing Holmes as a result of his plea to
the drug charges, it alleges that Holmes now faces a sentence of 32 years to life in prison
in a current federal case, but without this conviction he would face a sentence of only 10
years.
5
Following a November 15, 2012 non-evidentiary hearing, the trial court found the
petition raised no prima facia basis for issuance of an order to show cause or hearing on
the merits, and denied the petition. On November 30, 2012, Holmes filed his timely
appeal.
Discussion
1. The Petition and Standard of Review.
The writ of error coram nobis is the modern equivalent of a nonstatutory motion to
vacate a conviction. Its role “‘is to secure relief, where no other remedy exists, from a
judgment rendered while there existed some fact which would have prevented its
rendition if the trial court had known it and which, through no negligence or fault of the
defendant, was not then known to the court’ [citation].” (People v. Kim (2009) 45
Cal.4th 1078, 1091.) The procedures for bringing and adjudicating a petition for the writ
are the same as those that govern writs of habeas corpus. (§ 1473.6, subd. (c); People v.
Tuthill (1948) 32 Cal.2d 819, 821.)
The substantive requirements for obtaining the writ under modern law are set forth
in People v. Shipman (1965) 62 Cal.2d 226 (Shipman). The writ is available only when
three requirements are met: (1) The petitioner must show the existence of some fact
which, without fault or negligence on his part, was not presented to the court at the trial
on the merits, and which if presented would have prevented the rendition of the
judgment. (2) The petitioner must show that the newly discovered fact does not go to the
merits of issues previously tried (which cannot be reopened). (3) The petitioner “‘must
show that the facts upon which he relies were not known to him and could not in the
exercise of due diligence have been discovered by him at any time substantially earlier
than the time of his motion for the writ. . . .’ [Citations.]” (Id. at p. 230; People v. Kim,
supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1093.) If the facts alleged in the petition show that substantial
issues exist as to the petitioner’s entitlement to relief—if they are sufficient, if believed,
to make a prima facie showing of the elements required for issuance of the writ—the
matter must be heard on its merits. However, if the petition and court records show that
6
the petition has no merit, it should be denied summarily, without an evidentiary hearing.
(In re Hardy (2007) 41 Cal.4th 977, 990; Shipman, supra, 62 Cal.2d at p. 231.)
We review the trial court’s ruling on the petition for the writ of error coram nobis
for abuse of discretion. (People v. Kim, supra, 45 Cal.4th at pp. 1095-1096.) We find no
abuse of discretion in the trial court’s summary denial of the writ in this case.
2. The Newly Discovered Evidence Alleged By The Petition Does Not Satisfy
The Requirements For Relief.
a. The newly discovered evidence goes to the merits of the facts on
which Holmes’s conviction was based.
Facts that are set forth in the return, but are not disputed in the traverse, are
deemed true. (People v. Duvall (1995) 9 Cal.4th 464, 477.) Nothing in the petition or the
traverse disputes or contradicts the allegation that Holmes admitted that the drugs were
his. It therefore is established, for the purposes of this proceeding, that Holmes made that
admission when the drugs were found.
Holmes’s petition does not dispute that he was convicted of the crimes with which
he was charged, including possession of the drugs found in the apartment building’s
storeroom. It does not deny that when the drugs were found Holmes admitted to the
police that they were his.3 It does not deny that he later gave a recorded statement to the
3
The People’s return to the petition affirmatively alleges Holmes’s admission
when the drugs were found that the drugs were his. Holmes’s (unverified) traverse does
not deny that he had made that admission when the drugs were found, although it
specifically denies the truth of that admission. It says only that the admission “was not
audio recorded and all we have is the alleged statement made by the police in the police
report.”
7
police in which he again admitted that the drugs were his.4 And it does not address the
items seized from his apartment, apart from the drugs referenced in Schwarm’s
admission, that are commonly associated with drug trafficking, including marijuana,
cocaine, scales, currency, a false-bottom container, firearms, ammunition, brass knuckles,
and a bullet-proof vest.
The petition not only fails to deny Holmes’s possession of the drugs and ancillary
paraphernalia seized from his car and apartment, and fails to deny that he admitted his
possession of the drugs seized from the suitcase in the apartment building’s storeroom,
but it also affirmatively alleges that he pleaded no contest to the charges against him—
including the charges of his possession of the drugs—thereby effectively admitting that
he was in fact guilty of those charges. (§ 1016 [no contest plea has same legal effect as
guilty plea]; People v. Hughes (1980) 112 Cal.App.3d 452, 460-461 [no contest plea
implies admission that People can establish every element of charged offense]; Rusheen
v. Drews (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 279, 284 [no contest plea to felony is admissible against
defendant as an admission].) He expressly confirmed to the sentencing court that no one
had threatened him or his family members in order to force his no contest plea.
Nothing in the petition challenges his admissions of possession; his petition
instead seeks relief from collateral consequences of his admissions and pleas. Without
denying that he admitted possession of the drugs, the petition alleges that “one of the
4
Holmes’s traverse concedes that he admitted his control of the drugs in
statements to the police, alleging that he did so only because the police had told him that
everyone else in the apartment—his extended family and a friend—would also be jailed
if he did not. But if his admissions were the result of coercion, that fact was known to
him at the time; he could have challenged their use in the trial court, but he did not. (In
re Sakarias (2005) 35 Cal.4th 140, 145, 169-171 [claim that admissions were taken in
violation of Miranda rights is subject to denial on procedural grounds where it could have
been earlier raised, but was not]; see In re Seaton (2004) 34 Cal.4th 193, 199–200 [claim
forfeited on appeal because it was not raised at trial is also barred on habeas corpus,
unless facts essential to the claim were not and could not reasonably have been earlier
discovered]; People v. Wheeler (1970) 5 Cal.App.3d 534, 538 [coram nobis is not
available where facts concerning the charges against petitioner were known when he
pleaded].)
8
reasons” Holmes now faces 32 years to life in federal prison is his earlier no-contest plea
to the drug charges in this case. In other words, construed liberally, he alleges that one of
the reasons for the federal sentence he currently faces would be eliminated if he had not
previously admitted that he possessed the drugs, and if he had not suffered the resulting
convictions.
The petition seeks relief solely on the ground that Holmes has now discovered
facts which, if he had known them at the time, would have constituted evidence that the
drugs were not his—evidence that he was not guilty of the drug charges to which he
pleaded no contest. However, that ground—his discovery of the facts set forth in his
petition—does not entitle him to the relief he seeks, even if the facts were found to be
true.
The second of the three requirements for entitlement to a writ of error coram nobis
is a showing that the newly discovered facts do not go to the merits of issues previously
tried. (Shipman, supra, 62 Cal.2d at p. 230; People v. Kim, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1093.)
“It is a general rule that the writ will not be granted for newly discovered evidence going
to the merits of the issues tried; issues of fact, once adjudicated, even though incorrectly,
cannot be reopened except on motion for new trial.” (People v. Tuthill, supra, 32 Cal.2d
822.)5 Holmes’s petition cannot satisfy that requirement, because the newly discovered
facts on which the petition rests squarely challenge the factual basis on which his
conviction rests.
Holmes’s conviction constitutes a determination that he possessed the drugs found
in the storeroom of his apartment building. But his petition seeks to have his conviction
set aside on the ground that those drugs were not his. He claims now to have evidence to
show his nonpossession of those drugs—Schwarm’s statement—although he lacked that
evidence when he pleaded to the possession charges.
5
“[T]he writ of error coram nobis ‘“does not lie to correct any error in the
judgment of the court nor to contradict or put in issue any fact directly passed upon and
affirmed by the judgment itself. If this could be, there would be no end of
litigation. . . .”’” (People v. Kim, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1092.)
9
Holmes’s belated discovery of evidence that would have been material and helpful
to his defense against the charges he faced at the time of his plea does not constitute
grounds for setting aside his admissions of possession, much less his decision to forego
trial in favor of a beneficial plea bargain, his pleas of no contest to the charges against
him, and his resulting conviction on those charges. The judgment of conviction
constitutes a determination that Holmes was guilty of possession of the drugs. “‘[T]he
motion [to vacate the conviction] or writ is not available where a defendant voluntarily
and with knowledge of the facts pleaded guilty or admitted alleged prior convictions
because of ignorance or mistake as to the legal effect of those facts.’” (People v. Kim,
supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1093; People v. Banks (1959) 53 Cal.2d 370, 378.)
b. The newly discovered evidence does not show Holmes’s actual
innocence of the charges for which he was convicted.
Schwarm’s newly discovered evidence, even if it had been known when Holmes
pleaded to the charges, would not have precluded his conviction. It would merely have
contradicted some of the evidence on which his conviction was based.
Schwarm’s statement amounts to some evidence that Holmes did not possess the
drugs that had been found in the apartment building’s storeroom. But it leaves
unimpeached the evidence of his possession of the currency and container of the sort used
to conceal contraband found in his car; the cocaine and marijuana, the digital scales, and
the large amounts of cash found in his apartment; and the firearms, ammunition, bullet-
proof vest, and other weapons also found in his apartment. Although the quantity of
seized contraband would have been somewhat smaller without the methamphetamine and
marijuana that was found in the storage-room suitcase, the items found in his apartment
(which are unmentioned in Schwarm’s statement and which Holmes has not denied were
his) remain sufficient to support his conviction on the charges of weapons possession and
possession of drugs for sale for which he was convicted, except only the charge of
possession of methamphetamine for sale. The newly discovered evidence therefore does
not show Holmes’s actual innocence of the charges to which he pled and for which he
was convicted.
10
The central fact in the newly discovered evidence is Schwarm’s admission that the
drugs found in the storeroom were his, not Holmes’s. That admission is of dubious
credibility, of course, in light of the extensive evidence found in Holmes’s apartment that
Holmes was involved in drug-dealing activities. But Schwarm’s admission that the drugs
found in the storeroom were his, even if accepted as true, was not a fact wholly unknown
to Holmes when he admitted to the police that the drugs were his. If those drugs were
Schwarm’s, Holmes knew when he admitted possession, and when he entered his plea of
no contest to the charges, that the drugs were not his. Even if he did not then know to
whom the drugs belonged, he could have denied that they were his (though he apparently
believed he lacked the evidence he would need to prevail on that claim, in light of the
strong evidence showing otherwise).
The only material fact in Schwarm’s statement that was unknown to Holmes when
he admitted possession and pleaded no contest to the charges was the fact that Schwarm
later admitted his own possession of the drugs found in Holmes’s suitcase. That fact, if it
had been known, would not have negated his earlier admissions of possession of those
drugs, nor would it have even contradicted the evidence of his possession shown by the
facts that drugs were found in a suitcase with his name on it, stored in his apartment
building’s storeroom, and that other drugs, weapons, cash, and drug-sales paraphernalia
were found in his own apartment and car. Holmes’s petition thus failed to make a
showing of his actual innocence of the charges for which he was convicted. (See People
v. Tuthill, supra, 32 Cal.2d at p. 827 [newly discovered evidence, though material and
possibly beneficial to the defendant at trial, would not have necessarily precluded the
entry of the judgment and therefore does not satisfy requirements for coram nobis].)
Holmes expressly confirmed to the sentencing court that he had consulted with
counsel before pleading to the charges, and that he had been advised that his no-contest
pleas constituted incriminating statements that could be used against him in future
criminal proceedings, the same as guilty pleas. He now contends that “[a]ll one has to do
to clearly see that the Petitioner was facing an impossible decision is to look at the
suspended sentence received by him as a result of his plea bargain,” because “his prison
11
exposure for the charges if he took his case to trial would be ten years and eight months,”
but if he accepted the plea bargain “he would only be exposed to a year in the county
jail.” He chose to accept the plea bargain knowing that he was not guilty of the charges,
he alleges, because he was “fearful of what could happen if he chose to take his case to
trial.” But the “impossible decision” he faced was the same, with or without Schwarm’s
statement. Either way, his prison exposure if he went to trial was ten years and eight
months, while his incarceration if he accepted the plea bargain was a maximum of a year
in the county jail.
Even if the record in this case were sufficient to support a determination that
Holmes would not have pleaded guilty or no contest to the charges if he had known the
facts in Schwarm’s statement, the relief he seeks would not be available. “New facts that
would merely have affected the willingness of a litigant to enter a plea, or would have
encouraged or convinced him or her to make different strategic choices or seek a different
disposition, are not facts that would have prevented rendition of the judgment,” or that
would support a writ of error coram nobis. (People v. Kim, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1103.)
Conclusion
The facts alleged in the petition do not make a prima facie showing of the
elements required for issuance of a writ of error coram nobis. They go directly to the
merits of the facts established by Holmes’s conviction, they are not sufficient to have
precluded its entry, and they do not establish Holmes’s actual innocence. Because, even
if believed, they could not establish Holmes’s entitlement to relief, they are not sufficient
to require a hearing on their merits. Summary denial was appropriate. (People v.
Shipman, supra, 62 Cal.2d at p. 231.)
12
Disposition
The order denying the petition for writ of error coram nobis is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
CHANEY, Acting P. J.
We concur:
JOHNSON, J.
MILLER, J. Pro Tem*
*
Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant
to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
13