Takai v. FCA US CA4/3 ( 2023 )

Filed 8/8/23 Takai v. FCA US CA4/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
JEFFREY K. TAKAI,
Plaintiff and Appellant, G061170
v. (Super. Ct. No. 30-2019-01097922)
FCA US LLC et al., OPINION
Defendants and Respondents.
Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Melissa
R. McCormick, Judge. Affirmed.
Law Offices of Jim O. Whitworth and Jim O. Whitworth for Plaintiff and
Appellant.
Horvitz & Levy, Lisa Perrochet and Jonathan Z. Morris; Clark Hill,
Michael B. Sachs and Brian M. Hom for Defendant and Respondent FCA US LLC.
Schlichter, Shonack and Keeton, Kurt A. Schlichter, Steven C. Shonack
and Kim Tabin Mann for Defendant and Respondent Mike Thompson Recreational
Vehicles.
INTRODUCTION
This case demonstrates the importance of adequate briefing. As we have
said in the past, “appellate practice entails rigorous original work in its own right. . . .
[T]he appellate brief offers counsel probably their best opportunity to craft work of
original, professional, and, on occasion, literary value.” (In re Marriage of Shaban
(2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 398, 410.) Appellant’s brief cannot be said to be even minimally
compliant with the California Rules of Court, let alone a “work of literary value.” There
is little for us to consider, because despite 43 pages of briefing, appellant says very little
that is coherent. If there are arguable issues in this brief, they are obscured by cant,
vitriol and borderline contempt. We were unable to discuss this with counsel because he
did not appear for oral argument. We have no choice but to affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
FACTS
Jeffrey Takai, a dentist and dental surgeon, purchased a 2018 Hymer Banff
recreational vehicle (RV) from Mike Thompson Recreational Vehicles (MTRV) in
October 2018. The total purchase price was $124,200.80. The RV was manufactured by
Erwin Hymer Group, and it contained a chassis manufactured by FCA US LLC (FCA).
In September 2019, Takai filed a complaint against FCA and MTRV
claiming breaches of express and implied warranties under the Song-Beverly Consumer
Warranty Act, Civ. Code, § 1790 et seq.1 Specifically, there were three causes of action.
The first was against FCA for breach of express warranty. The second was against both
defendants for breach of implied warranty. And the third was a fraud claim against
MTRV only. The fraud claim alleged MTRV concealed it had altered the vehicle’s
odometer to make the vehicle appear new. Also, Takai alleged MTRV concealed known
issues with the vehicle’s electrical system.
1
Ironically, Takai did not choose to sue Erwin Hymer, the actual manufacturer of his RV.
2
The case was initially set for trial in April 2021, and was on the trailing trial
list for three days until it was reset for October 25, 2021. Takai, meanwhile, had filed
discovery motions, seeking to compel depositions of nine MTRV employees. Discovery
closed on March 22, and these motions to compel were denied on May 27 and June 3,
2021.
On July 23, 2021, Takai filed motions to compel the same depositions plus
the deposition of MTRV’s retained expert, Michael Stapleford. However, he scheduled
these for hearing in November 2021, after the continued trial date. The motions were
ultimately denied as untimely on October 1. In deeming the motions untimely, the trial
court noted that discovery had closed on March 22, 2021, prior to the initial April 19 trial
date. Discovery had not been reopened after the initial cutoff.
Plaintiff then filed an ex parte application to continue trial and reopen
discovery. The court denied it on October 21, 2021, stating Takai had failed to support
his motion and demonstrate good cause.
After both sides waived a jury trial, the matter was tried to the court over
the course of several days. After Takai rested his case-in-chief, the trial court granted
motions by FCA and MTRV for judgment pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section
631.8.2 FCA received judgment as to both causes of action against it, and MTRV
received judgment in its favor as to the fraud claim only. The court proceeded with trial
as to the breach of implied warranty claim against MTRV. After hearing testimony from
Stapleford and MTRV employee Alexander Distler, the court took the matter under
submission, ultimately ruling in favor of MTRV on the remaining claim.
2
All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise indicated. Section
631.8 states in part: “After a party has completed his presentation of evidence in a trial by the court, the other party,
without waiving his right to offer evidence in support of his defense or in rebuttal in the event the motion is not
granted, may move for a judgment.” (Id., subd. (a).)
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DISCUSSION
Takai appeals but deciphering the basis for his appeal is no easy task. His
notice of appeal states he appeals an order granting summary judgment. Summary
judgment was never granted to any defendant; in fact, MTRV’s motion for summary
judgment was denied on March 19, 2021. We will consider this a typographical error
because both respondents in their briefing treat the appeal as being from the final
judgment. (See Fryer v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (1963) 221 Cal.App.2d 674,
677; see also Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.100, subd. (a)(2) [“The notice of appeal must be
liberally construed.”].)
But the problems unfortunately do not stop there. Takai’s briefing is
imprecise, meandering, and difficult to follow. He purports to raise six separate issues
for appeal, but addresses only two of the issues under separate subheadings. (See Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 8.204, subd. (a)(1)(B) [A brief must “[s]tate each point under a
separate heading or subheading summarizing the point, and support each point by
argument and, if possible, by citation of authority”].) And he fails to provide citations to
the record for many of his factual assertions. (Id., subd. (a)(1)(C).) “Because it is the
Appellant[’]s[] burden to affirmatively demonstrate error, [he] must provide citations to
the appellate record directing the court to the evidence supporting each factual assertion.”
(Meridian Financial Services, Inc. v. Phan (2021) 67 Cal.App.5th 657, 684 .) “The
reviewing court is not required to develop the parties’ arguments or search the record for
supporting evidence and may instead treat arguments that are not developed or supported
by adequate citations to the record as waived.” (Ibid.) Our review of appealed issues is
limited to those adequately raised and supported by the briefing. (See Dinslage v. City
and County of San Francisco (2016) 5 Cal.App.5th 368, 379.)
Here, Takai tries to raise the following issues: (1) whether the trial court
should have permitted discovery to be reopened, (2) whether judgment should have been
granted as to MTRV on the fraud claim, (3) whether FCA’s motion for judgment was
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properly granted, (4) whether Stapleford should have been permitted to testify, (5)
whether MTRV employee Alexander Distler should have been permitted to testify, and
(6) whether the trial court should have entered a directed verdict in Takai’s favor. So far
as we can tell, only the first and the fourth issues are addressed in any depth or detail in
the brief under a separate subheading. “The purpose of requiring headings and coherent
arguments in appellate briefs is ‘to lighten the labors of the appellate [courts] by requiring
the litigants to present their cause systematically and so arranged that those upon whom
the duty devolves of ascertaining the rule of law to apply may be advised, as they read, of
the exact question under consideration, instead of being compelled to extricate it from the
mass.’ (Landa v. Steinberg (1932) 126 Cal.App. 324, 325.)” (Opdyk v. California Horse
Racing Bd. (1995) 34 Cal.App.4th 1826, 1830, fn. 4.) We therefore only review the
issues we are able to understand from the brief.
I. Discovery CutOff
Takai contends the trial court erred in “denying” him discovery, resulting in
a denial of due process. This is a non-specific argument. When and through what order
or ruling does Takai claim the trial court did this? He refers to his motions to compel
depositions, which he believes were improperly denied. He also argues his ex parte
application for trial continuance was improperly denied. But he doesn’t go further than
to reference the COVID-19 pandemic as a reason for the delay in discovery and
trial. The argument is not cogently presented.
To the extent Takai claims there was good cause to continue the trial based
on the pandemic, he does not show he ever argued this point to the trial court. Indeed, he
does not include in his appendix a copy of the ex parte application he made to continue
the trial. What we are presented with amounts to little more than, “There was a
pandemic; I should have been given more time.”
The trial court’s minute order denying his application also states discovery
had been cut off as of March 22, 2021. Clearly, when the April trial date was reset to
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October, discovery deadlines were not extended with it. The trial court also noted Takai
had not demonstrated good cause to reopen discovery under any of the statutory factors.
Takai does not address this ruling in any detail. We cannot presume the court abused its
discretion; it is Takai’s burden to show it did, and he has not.
II. Expert Testimony of Stapleford
Takai also argues that Stapleford, as MTRV’s vehicle expert, was permitted
by the trial court to testify as to ultimate facts, in violation of People v. Sanchez (2016)
63 Cal.4th 665 (Sanchez). Though he provides no pinpoint citation from Sanchez, we
assume he means this principle announced in the case: “When any expert relates to the
jury case-specific out-of-court statements, and treats the content of those statements as
true and accurate to support the expert’s opinion, the statements are hearsay.” (Sanchez,
supra, 63 Cal.4th at p. 686.)
Once again, Takai’s argument is non-specific. He does not provide a
citation to the record to show where Stapleford allegedly testified about out-of-court
statements and couched them as facts. Based on our review of Stapleford’s testimony, he
never did anything like this. Takai seems most concerned that Stapleford testified about
damage to the underbody panel of the RV and the alternator field wire. But Stapleford
said he personally observed this damage during an inspection of the vehicle conducted as
part of the discovery process. Based on this damage, Stapleford ascertained the batteries
for the generator would not have been able to properly charge, which was a major
complaint Takai had about the vehicle. There was no out-of-court statement admitted for
its truth and appellant’s briefing provides us with no cogent explanation of the
photographic evidence he complains about vociferously.
In short, while appellant’s brief suggests many terrible things, we are
unable to find error in the few specifics he has directed us to.
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DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed. Respondents to recover their costs on appeal.
BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.
WE CONCUR:
SANCHEZ, J.
DELANEY, J.
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