Johnson v. McCaughan, Carter & Scharrer , 672 P.2d 221 ( 1983 )

BABCOCK, Judge.

Jacaranda Associates, Ltd., appeals an order appointing a receiver for certain rental property in which Jacaranda allegedly has an interest. We remand with directions to vacate the order.

Elden R. Johnson filed a verified petition for appointment of receiver in the district court alleging that he held a deed of trust on rental property in Adams County securing a loan in the amount of $750,000. The petition alleged that the deed of trust was in default. The deed of trust attached as an exhibit to the petition provided for the ex parte appointment of a receiver in the event of a default.

The petition was presented ex parte to the court, which found that emergency circumstances required the appointment of a receiver. The court therefore appointed a receiver for the property. No complaint had been filed nor summons issued and served. No C.R.C.P. 120 proceeding had been commenced nor notice issued and served in accordance therewith. Jacaranda received no notice of the petition or the hearing thereon.

Jacaranda’s objection to the appointment of receiver and motion for an order discharging the receiver, which alleged that the court was proceeding without jurisdiction, were denied at a subsequent hearing.

On appeal, Jacaranda contends that the trial court was without jurisdiction to appoint a receiver because no action or proceeding was filed and pending against Jacaranda at the time of the appointment. We agree.

C.R.C.P. 66(a) provides that “a receiver may be appointed by the court in which the action is pending at any time . . .. ” (emphasis added) An action is pending after it is commenced under C.R. C.P. 3(a) by either filing a complaint with the court or by the service of a summons. And, it is the filing of the complaint or the service of summons which vests the court with jurisdiction to act. C.R.C.P. 3(b). C.R.C.P. 66 makes no provision for appointment of a receiver prior to the commencement of an action. Moreover, while § 38-39-112(1), C.R.S.1973 (1982 Repl.Vol. 16A), provides for the appointment of a receiver “[w]hen an action or proceeding has been commenced to foreclose a mortgage, trust deed, or other instrument securing an indebtedness ...,” (emphasis added) no “proceeding” had been “commenced” because there had been no motion filed pursuant to C.R.C.P. 120.

While the ex parte appointment of a receiver may be permissible under emergency circumstances or where notice is impractical, see G. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure § 2983 (1971); see also Oberto v. Moore, 93 Colo. 93, 23 P.2d 578 (1933), a case must be pending at the time of the appointment. Jones v. Bank of Leadville, 10 Colo. 464, 17 P. 272 (1887); 1 R. Clark, The Law & Practice of Receivers § 75 at 106-107 (3d ed. 1959). In Jones v. Bank of Leadville, supra, the court said:

“Hitherto it has been the universally accepted opinion that courts have no jurisdiction to appoint a receiver except in a suit pending in which the receiver is desired — unless in cases of idiots, lunatics and infants .... Our statute certainly contemplates the same thing. Its plain intent is that there shall be a controversy between two or more adverse parties moved in the court, involving some conflicting and hostile claims to property that is, at least in part, the subject-matter of the litigation. It is evident that in the mind of the legislature it was necessary to this jurisdiction that there should be some party in all these proceedings who was adverse to the defendant, and whose rights to certain property were to be protected and adjudicated. It is impossible by any process of reasoning to construe the statute so as to make it apply to any case in which an action (in the ordinary definition of the term) is not pending. To hold that courts of equity can entertain jurisdiction to appoint a receiver of property as the substantive ground and ultimate object and purpose of the suit, on the petition of the owner of the property to be controlled and protected, would be to make them the administrators of every estate where the owners thereof were incapable or unwilling to administer them themselves.” (emphasis added)

And, as stated in 1 R. Clark, The Law & Practice of Receivers, supra:

“An order appointing a receiver made in open court or in chambers, presupposes a pending suit.

If a receiver were appointed over property without a controversy involved and some ultimate relief asked for, the court might find itself called upon to do the ministerial act alone of caring for the property. A judicial function is to hear and determine a controversy between adverse parties, to ascertain the facts and to render a final judgment. Preserving property is only incidental to this primary judicial function. It therefore follows that a court of equity should not appoint a receiver where the appointment is not auxiliary to some form of final relief which is appropriate for equity to give.” (emphasis added)

Inclusion of a provision for appointment of a receiver in a deed of trust cannot invest the court with jurisdiction it does not otherwise have. See Clinic Masters, Inc. v. District Court, 192 Colo. 120, 556 P.2d 473 (1976); Sanchez v. Straight Creek Construction, 41 Colo.App. 19, 580 P.2d 827 (1978).

Here, on the record before us, no action or proceeding had been commenced against Jacaranda. See C.R.C.P. 3(a); see C.R.C.P. 120. Hence, the trial court was without jurisdiction to appoint a receiver.

The cause is remanded with directions to vacate the order appointing the receiver.

STERNBERG, J., concurs. TURSI, J., dissents.