in Re Royston, Rayzor, Vickery & Williams, L. L. P. ( 2013 )


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  •                   NUMBER 13-11-00757-CV
    COURT OF APPEALS
    THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
    CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
    ROYSTON, RAYZOR, VICKERY
    & WILLIAMS, L.L.P.,                                     Appellant,
    v.
    FRANCISCO “FRANK” LOPEZ,                                Appellee.
    On appeal from the 148th District Court
    of Nueces County, Texas.
    NUMBER 13-12-00023-CV
    IN RE ROYSTON, RAYZOR, VICKERY & WILLIAMS, LLP
    On Petition for Writ of Mandamus
    DISSENTING OPINION
    Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Perkes
    Dissenting Opinion by Justice Perkes
    The majority opines that the arbitration agreement between Royston, Rayzor,
    Vickery, & Williams, P.C. (“Royston Rayzor”) and Francisco Lopez is unconscionable. I
    dissent because I do not believe that Lopez met his affirmative burden to show that the
    agreement was unconscionable. Further, because the record also shows Lopez failed
    to meet his burden to establish the applicability of any other affirmative defense to
    arbitration, I would reverse and remand the case to the trial court for entry of an order
    compelling arbitration.
    Lopez claimed only substantive unconscionability. His argument is based upon a
    clause that required him to arbitrate all claims against Royston Rayzor, but Royston
    Rayzor’s   fee   claims were     excluded    from   the   arbitration   agreement.    The
    unconscionability of a contract is a question of law for the court. Ski River Dev., Inc. v.
    McCalla, 
    167 S.W.3d 121
    , 136 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, pet. denied).                The party
    asserting unconscionability has the burden of proving both procedural and substantive
    unconscionability. 
    Id.
        The grounds for substantive unconscionability must be so
    shocking or gross as to compel a court to intercede. LeBlanc v. Lange, 
    365 S.W.3d 70
    ,
    88 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.). The principle involved is “one of
    preventing oppression and unfair surprise and not of disturbing allocation of risks
    because of superior bargaining power.” In re FirstMerit Bank, N.A., 
    52 S.W.3d 749
    , 757
    (Tex. 2001). The mere exclusion of claims by only one party is not the kind of shocking
    unfairness required to invalidate an arbitration clause. 
    Id. at 758
    ; In re Peoples Choice
    Home Loan, Inc., 
    225 S.W.3d 35
    , 46 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2005, orig. proceeding) (finding
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    arbitration clause was not substantively unconscionable even though certain of lender’s
    judicial remedies were exempt from the scope of the clause).
    Lopez presented absolutely no unconscionability evidence at the hearing. He did
    not testify, submit an affidavit, or present any other evidence to the trial court. Rather, he
    is arguing that the fact the arbitration agreement arose between a lawyer and prospective
    client makes the contract unconscionable, at the outset. A fiduciary relationship may
    arise prior to the creation of an attorney-client relationship. But, Lopez did not put on any
    evidence regarding the discussions or negotiations to show what occurred here. See In
    re Pham, 
    314 S.W.3d 520
    , 527 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, orig. proceeding).
    I would hold that Lopez failed to carry his burden to prove his defense of
    unconscionability, and that the trial court should have granted the relief sought by
    Royston Rayzor. See In re FirstMerit Bank, N.A., 52 S.W.3d at 753–54 (“Once the trial
    court concludes that the arbitration agreement encompasses the claims, and that the
    party opposing arbitration has failed to prove its defenses, the trial court has no discretion
    but to compel arbitration and stay its own proceedings”); Citigroup Global Mkts. v. Brown,
    
    261 S.W.3d 394
    , 400–01 (Tex. App—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (explaining the
    burden of proof in presenting a defense to arbitration).
    Lopez also pleaded three other affirmative defenses to arbitration:            (1) the
    arbitration clause is precluded by application of the Texas Ethics Committee’s Advisory
    Opinion No. 586; (2) the arbitration agreement is illusory; and (3) his malpractice claim
    against Royston Rayzor is a personal-injury claim that is not subject to arbitration unless
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    the arbitration agreement complies with Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section
    171.002.
    As recognized by the majority, Opinion No. 586 is advisory and is not legal
    authority on whether an arbitration agreement between an attorney and client is
    enforceable, as a matter of law. See In re Pham, 
    314 S.W.3d at 528
    ; Labidi v. Sydow,
    
    287 S.W.3d 922
    , 927 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.). In the case of In
    re Pham, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals summarized its concern with using Opinion No.
    586 to assess arbitration clauses in attorney-client agreements as follows:
    We concluded in Labidi that Opinion No. 586 did not impose any restrictions
    on attorney-client arbitration clauses because (1) such opinions are
    advisory at best, (2) the commission expressly declined in the opinion to
    opine on the substantive law concerning arbitration clause enforceability,
    and (3) substantive law does not include any such restrictions . . . [W]e
    decline to impose a requirement that attorneys must in all cases fully inform
    prospective clients regarding the implications of an arbitration clause in an
    attorney-client contract.    This argument is best preserved for the
    legislature.
    
    314 S.W.3d at 528
    . Any persuasive value of Opinion No. 586 in setting forth how an
    arbitration agreement between an attorney and client should be approached in a given
    case is nullified when, as here, there is no evidence in the record as to the client’s
    sophistication, education, and experience and how the parties reached the arbitration
    agreement. See OP. TEX. ETHICS COMM'N No. 586 (2008) (“The scope of the explanation
    will depend on the sophistication, education and experience of the client . . . .”).
    Lopez’s argument that the arbitration agreement is unenforceable because it is
    illusory also fails. As a matter of law, the arbitration agreement before the Court is not
    illusory—both parties were bound to arbitrate and neither party could unilaterally alter the
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    scope or applicability of the arbitration agreement. Compare In re Halliburton Co., 
    80 S.W.3d 566
    , 570 (Tex. 2002) (“Halliburton cannot avoid its promise to arbitrate by
    amending the provision or terminating it altogether. Accordingly, the provision is not
    illusory.”) with In re C&H News Co., 
    133 S.W.3d 642
    , 647 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
    2003, no pet.) (concluding arbitration agreement was illusory because employer could
    “unilaterally amend the types of claims subject to arbitration”).
    Finally, I would hold Lopez’s legal malpractice claim against Royston Rayzor is not
    a personal-injury claim under the plain language of Texas Civil Practice and Remedies
    Code section 171.002 and thus the requirements of that section are inapplicable to bar
    arbitration in this case. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 171.002 (a)(3),(c) (West
    2011); see also In re Pham, 
    314 S.W.3d 525
     (“legal malpractice claims do not constitute
    personal injury claims for purposes of section 171.002”); Taylor v. Wilson, 
    180 S.W.3d 627
    , 632 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (Frost, J., concurring)
    (demonstrating that a legal malpractice claim is not a claim for personal injury).          I
    recognize this holding would conflict with this Court’s precedent that holds a
    legal-malpractice claim is a personal-injury suit for purposes of section 171.002. See In
    re Godt, 
    28 S.W.3d 732
    , 738–39 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2000, orig. proceeding)
    (holding a legal malpractice suit arising from a lawyer’s handling of a personal-injury claim
    is a personal-injury claim for purposes of section 171.002); see also Bennett v. Leas, No.
    13-06-469-CV, 
    2008 WL 2525403
    , at *7 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi June 26, 2008, pet.
    abated) (holding legal malpractice claim arising from lawyer’s handling of grievance
    matters is a personal-injury claim for purposes of section 171.002). However, if this
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    panel were to address this issue by majority opinion, I would request that this Court
    consider this case en banc for the purpose of overruling In re Godt and Bennett as
    incorrectly decided. See Bennett, 
    2008 WL 2525403
    , at *8 (Vela, J., dissenting) (“ . . . I
    would overrule our precedent and hold that a legal malpractice claim is not a claim for
    personal injury.”).
    Because Lopez did not meet his burden to establish his affirmative defenses to
    arbitration, I would reverse and remand with an instruction to the trial court to grant
    Royston Rayzor’s motion to compel arbitration. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(d); Sidley
    Austin Brown & Wood, LLP v. J.A. Green Dev. Corp., 
    327 S.W.3d 859
    , 862 (Tex.
    App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.).
    GREGORY T. PERKES
    Justice
    Delivered and filed the
    27th day of June, 2013.
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