Crawford v. District of Columbia ( 2012 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
)
LORRAINE GORMAN, )
Plaintiff, )
v. )
) Civil Action No. 011-150 (AK)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, )
Defendant. )
____________________________________)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter is pending before this Court on Plaintiffs’ Motion for [summary judgment on
the issue of] Fees and Costs (“Fee Motion”) and Memorandum in support thereof
(“Memorandum”) [12]; Defendant’s opposition to the Motion (“Opposition”) [13]; and
Plaintiff’s reply to the Opposition (“Reply”) [14].1 Plaintiff Lorraine Gorman (“Plaintiff’) has
requested $1,046.50 in legal fees and costs, a portion of which is contested by Defendant District
of Columbia (“Defendant” or “the District”) on grounds that the hourly rate charged by
Plaintiff’s counsel is excessive and some of counsel’s billing entries are “remote” in time.
(Opposition, Exh. 1 [Defendant’s chart of proposed allowable fees and reasons for fee
reductions].)
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff is the parent of a minor child who prevailed in an administrative action brought
pursuant to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the Individuals with Disabilities
in Education Improvement Act ( collectively “IDEA”), 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq. Pursuant to 20
U.S.C. §1415(i)(3)(B), a court may award attorney’s fees to a parent who prevails in an IDEA
1
This same Fee Motion is filed in multiple cases involving claims for attorneys’ fees and
costs; the Plaintiff is this action is Lorraine Gorman.
proceeding. Prior to filing this civil action, the Plaintiff participated in a March 10, 2008 due
process hearing wherein the Hearing Officer considered whether or not the District of Columbia
Public Schools (“DCPS”) denied the student a free appropriate public education (“FAPE”). The
Hearing Officer ultimately concluded in his Hearing Officer Decision (“HOD”) that “DCPS’
failure to convene a MDT [multidisciplinary team] meeting in response to the parent’s counsel’s
timely request for a MDT meeting [was] a denial of FAPE.” ( April 11, 2008 HOD [1] at 3.)
The District does not dispute Plaintiff’s prevailing party status in this case.
Plaintiff originally filed her complaint for legal fees and costs with the Small Claims and
Conciliation Branch of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Defendant removed this
and other simultaneously filed cases to this Court and the parties subsequently consented to the
referral of all such cases to the undersigned Magistrate Judge for all purposes. The parties were
directed to brief the issues in these cases in the form of motions for legal fees and responses
thereto.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
The IDEA gives courts authority to award reasonable attorney’s fees to the parents of a
child with a disability who is the prevailing party. 20 U.S.C. §1415(i)(3)(B). An action or
proceeding under IDEA includes both civil litigation in federal court and administrative
litigation before hearing officers. Smith v. Roher, 954 F. Supp. 359, 362 (D.D.C. 1997); Moore
v. District of Columbia, 907 F.2d 165, 176 (D.C. Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 998 (1990).
The plaintiff has the burden of establishing the reasonableness of any fee requests. See
In re North, 59 F.3d 184, 189 (D.C. Cir. 1995); Covington v. District of Columbia, 57 F.3d 1101,
1107 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (“[A] fee applicant bears the burden of establishing entitlement to an
2
award, documenting the appropriate hours, and justifying the reasonableness of the rates.”) “An
award of attorneys’ fees is calculated by multiplying a reasonable hourly rate by the number of
hours reasonably expended on the case.” Smith, 954 F. Supp. at 364 (citing Hensley v.
Eckerhard, 461 U.S. 424, 433 (1983)); Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984). The result of
this calculation is the “lodestar” amount. Smith, 954 F. Supp. at 364.
20 U.S.C. §1415(i)(3)(C) states that “[f]ees awarded under this paragraph shall be based
on rates prevailing in the community in which the action or proceeding arose for the kind and
quality of services furnished.” 20 U.S.C. §1415(i)(3)(C). To demonstrate a reasonable hourly
rate, the fee applicant must show: an attorney’s usual billing practices; counsel’s skill,
experience and reputation; as well as the prevailing market rates in the community. Covington,
57 F.3d at 1107. The determination of a market rate is “inherently difficult” and is decided by
the court in its discretion. Blum, 465 U.S. at 896 n.11. “To inform and assist the court in the
exercise of its discretion, the burden is on the fee applicant to produce satisfactory evidence . . .
that the requested [hourly] rates are in line with those prevailing in the community for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Id. An
attorney’s usual billing rate may be considered the “reasonable rate” if it accords with the rates
prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers possessing similar skill, experience
and reputation. Kattan by Thomas v. District of Columbia, 995 F.2d 274, 278 (D.C.Cir. 1993).
A party moving for summary judgment on legal fees accordingly must demonstrate
prevailing party status and the reasonableness of the fees requested in terms of hours spent and
hourly rate. Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 (a), summary judgment shall be granted if the movant
shows that there is “no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to a
3
judgment as a matter of law.” Accord Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247
(1986). Summary judgment should be granted against a party “who fails to make a showing
sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that
party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986).
The court is required to draw all justifiable inferences in the nonmoving party’s favor and
to accept the nonmoving party’s evidence as true. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. The nonmoving
party must establish more than “the mere existence of a scintilla of evidence” in support of its
position. Id. at 252. Nor may the non-moving party rely on allegations or conclusory
statements; instead, the non-moving party is obliged to present specific facts that would enable a
reasonable jury to find it its favor. Greene v Dalton, 164 F.3d 671, 675 (D.C. Cir. 1999).
III. ANALYSIS
A. Reasonableness of Hourly Rates
Plaintiff seeks fees for the services of four lawyers and/or paralegals, to be paid at the
following rates: $268.00 per hour for Zachary Nahass, an attorney with approximately 1-2 years
experience during the relevant time period, and $146.00 per hour for Yanet Scott, Patrick
Meehan, and Camille Mckenzie, who were paralegals with the firm Tyrka & Associates during
that same period of time. See Plaintiff’s Itemization of Fees/Expenses [1]; Fee Motion, Exh. 2
(Verified Statement of Douglas Tyrka (“Tyrka”)) ¶¶11, 15, 18. According to the Verified
Statement by Tyrka (“Verified Statement”), “[t]he hourly rates in the itemization are the rates
Tyrka & Associates has customarily charged.” (Exh. 2 ¶4.)
Tyrka further asserts that “clients have retained Tyrka & Associates with the
understanding and agreement that the client would retain full responsibility for all fees regardless
of what was reimbursed by third parties, at rates consistent with ‘the Laffey [M]atrix’ as adjusted
4
per the finding in Salazar v. District of Columbia, 123 F. Supp. 2d 8, 14-15 (D.D.C. 2000), and
other cases.” (Exh. 2 ¶4.)2 Plaintiff relies upon the rates set forth in the ‘enhanced’ Laffey
Matrix in her request for attorney’s fees but Tyrka’s Verified Statement does not indicate how
frequently Plaintiff’s counsel is paid at these ‘enhanced’ Laffey rates.3 Nor has counsel
presented affidavits attesting to the actual billing rates of lawyers who do similar IDEA work.
Furthermore, the Plaintiff has not provided specific information about the nature or complexity
of the IDEA administrative work performed in this case.
Plaintiff asserts that in order to demonstrate prevailing market rates, she may “point to
such evidence as an updated [enhanced] version of the Laffey Matrix or the U.S. Attorney’s
Office [“USAO”] Matrix, or [her] own survey of prevailing market rates in the community.”
(Memorandum in support of Fees Motion (“Memorandum”) at 8 (citing Covington, 57 F.3d at
1109 (additional citation omitted))). In the Covington case, which involved allegations of civil
2
The Laffey Matrix is “a schedule of charges based on years of experience” developed in
Laffey v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 572 F. Supp. 354 (D.D.C. 1983), rev’d on other grounds, 746
F.2d 4 (D.C. Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1021 (1985), as modified by Save Our
Cumberland Mountains, Inc. v. Hodel, 857 F.2d 1516, 1524 (D.C. Cir. 1988). The Laffey Matrix
was first developed based upon information about the prevailing rates charged by federal
litigators in the District of Columbia, and it is maintained by the United States Attorney’s Office
for the District of Columbia and is updated annually to reflect increases in the local Consumer
Price Index. See Laffey Matrix - 2003-2012, n.3, available at:
htttp://www.justice.gov/usao/dc/dividions/civil_Laffey_Matrix_2003-2012.pdf.
The ‘enhanced’ Laffey Matrix is a schedule of fees based on the original Laffey Matrix, with
adjustments to reflect increases in the national Legal Services Index, prepared by the United
States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (Fees Motion, Exh.3.)
3
See generally MacClarence v. Johnson, 539 F.Supp.2d 155, 160 (D.D.C.
2008)(expressing concern that “standardized hourly rates overcompensate lawyers whose
practices are contingent fee based and therefore compensated at an hourly rate they never charge
and none of their clients could pay”).
5
rights violations, the Court of Appeals for the D. C. Circuit did look to Laffey rates for prevailing
market rates but the relevant market therein was “complex federal litigation,” 57 F.3d at 1110.
In contrast, this case involves IDEA litigation, which is not complex federal litigation because
most if not all of the attorney’s fees in question are the result of counsel’s preparation for
attendance at routine administrative hearings. Accordingly, the Laffey Matrix rates are
inapplicable as prevailing market rates.
Plaintiff additionally relies upon Rooths v District of Columbia, Civil Action No. 09-
0492, Report and Recommendation of March 31, 2011, and Friendship Edison Pub. Charter
Sch. v. Suggs, Civil Action No. 06-1284, Motion for Attorneys’ Fees of July 10, 2008 and
Memorandum Opinion of March 30, 2009 at 5-8. (Fee Motion, Exhs. 5-7).4 According to
Plaintiff, in these two IDEA cases litigated in this United States District Court, the firm’s clients
received an award of fees “based on rates exactly in line with those presented here, . . . ”
(Memorandum at 8.)
As a preliminary mater, this Court notes that the mere showing that a high hourly rate
was approved in another case does not in and of itself establish a new market rate or prove that
the new rate is reasonable. Furthermore, Plaintiff’s reliance on Rooths v District of Columbia,
Civil Action No. 09-0492, Report and Recommendation of March 31, 2011 at 10-11 (Fee
Motion, Exh. 5), is misplaced because the trial court ultimately rejected the application of
enhanced Laffey rates, applied Laffey Matrix rates as a starting point, and then reduced those
4
Plaintiff relies on Friendship Edison Pub. Charter Sch. v. Suggs, Civil Action No. 06-
1284, Motion for Attorneys’ Fees of July 10, 2008 and Memorandum Opinion of March 30,
2009 at 5-8, but this case is inapposite because there was no challenge to the reasonableness of
the hours expended by counsel or the hourly rates in that case.
6
rates by 25%. Rooths v District of Columbia, -- F.Supp.2d–, 2011 WL 3529292 *6 (D.D.C.
August 9, 2011).
In Rooths, the Honorable Paul L. Friedman noted that “[i]n this circuit, the rates
contained in the Laffey Matrix are typically treated as the highest rates that will be presumed to
be reasonable when a court reviews a petition for statutory attorneys’ fees.” 2011 WL 3529292*4. That court declined “to approve as reasonable the inflated rates contained in a proposed
alternative fee matrix.” Id. at *5; see Blackman v. District of Columbia, 677 F. Supp. 2d 169,
176 (D.D.C. 2010) (in determining prevailing market rates, the court declined to apply enhanced
Laffey rates). The Rooths court further refused to apply enhanced Laffey rates, in part because it
found that the “[enhanced Laffey] matrix was generated using national statistics rather than
measurements particular to the District of Columbia area.” Rooths at *5 (emphasis in original);
see also DL v. District of Columbia, 256 F.R.D. 239, 243 (D.D.C. 2009) (because the USAO
[Laffey] Matrix accounts for price inflation within the local community, it more aptly focuses on
the relevant community than the [enhanced] Laffey Matrix based on the legal services index).
The Rooths court commented that “[w]hile it is doubtless true that some sectors of the legal
services industry have experienced rapid fee inflation in recent years, [it was] unconvinced that
fees associated with IDEA litigation in the District of Columbia have increased at the same rate.”
Rooths at *5.
This Court agrees with the rationale set forth in Rooths, and finds that the Plaintiff’s
reliance on an enhanced Laffey Matrix is unsupported because such Matrix does not provide an
accurate representation of District of Columbia legal fees applicable to IDEA cases. Nor has
Plaintiff demonstrated that IDEA litigation involving administrative hearings is the type of
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“complex federal litigation” encompassed by the Laffey rates. See McClam v. District of
Columbia, Civil Action No. 11-381 (RMC), September 6, 2011 Memorandum Opinion at 8
(declining to apply Laffey rates in part on grounds that “IDEA cases are generally not complex
[and in that case,] Plaintiffs . . . pointed to no novel issue or other complexity that turned this,
particular IDEA case into a complicated piece of litigation.”)5
Defendant’s argument against imposition of Laffey rates primarily focuses on the Rooths
and McClam decisions, supra. but the Defendant also asserts that “Plaintiffs have made no
serious attempt to show that rates under the Laffey Matrix are appropriate in this case or, more
specifically, that Laffey rates were necessary to attract competent counsel in the underlying,
special education matters.” (Opposition at 13.)6 Defendant further argues that there is no
“inherent right to Laffey rates.” (Opposition at 13 (citation omitted)); see Lively v Flexible
Packaging Assoc., 930 A.2d 984, 990 (D.C. 2007) (accepting the Laffey Matrix as one legitimate
means of calculating attorney’s fees and using it as a starting point instead of an automatic
application). Federal courts do not automatically have to award Laffey rates but instead they can
look at the complexity of the case and use their discretion to determine whether such rates are
warranted. See Muldrow v. Re-Direct, Inc., 397 F. Supp. 2d 1, 4-5 (D.D.C. 2005) ( awarding
fees at a rate 25% less than Laffey in a “relatively straightforward negligence suit”).
5
The McClam court acknowledged that “[f]ederal district courts in this circuit disagree
whether Laffey rates should be applied in IDEA cases.” McClam Memorandum Opinion at 6
(citations omitted).
6
See Kenny A. v. Perdue, 130 S. Ct. 1662, 1672 (2010) “a ‘reasonable’ fee is a fee that is
sufficient to induce a capable attorney to undertake the representation of a meritorious civil
rights case”); see also Lively v. Flexible Packaging Association, 930 A.2d 984, 990 (D.C. 2007)
(cautioning that the goal of fee-shifting provisions is not to provide counsel with a windfall but
to attract competent counsel).
8
Following the reasoning of the Rooths case and other cases declining to apply enhanced
Laffey rates and considering that this is a straightforward case seeking IDEA legal fees, this
Court concludes that the Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate that the hourly rates set by her
counsel, which are based on enhanced Laffey rates, are reasonable. Such enhanced rates do not
reflect what the local legal market will bear in terms of legal fees for IDEA litigation. Using the
[USAO] Laffey Matrix as a starting point for determination of a reasonable hourly rate, this
Court determines that the hourly rate for Zachary Nahass [attorney with 2 years experience]
would be $225, instead of $268, while the rate for a paralegal/law clerk [Patrick Meehan, Yanet
Scott, and Camille McKenzie] would be $130 instead of $146-150.
These rates should be further reduced however because the Laffey Matrix rates are the
presumed maximum rates appropriate for “complex federal litigation,” Covington v. District of
Columbia, 57 F.3d at 1103, and IDEA litigation generally does not fall within this category. The
case at issue is no exception to that general rule insofar as it involves a simple administrative
proceeding summarized in the Hearing Officer’s Decision dated April 11, 2008 (HOD [1]) and
the time spent [billed] in preparation for the hearing was nominal. (Itemization of
Fees/Expenses.) In such a case, an hourly rate below the Laffey Matrix rates is appropriate. See
Wilson v. District of Columbia, Civil Action No. 09-2258, 2011 WL 1428090, at *3 (D.D.C.
Apr. 14, 2011) (Laffey Matrix is “not generally applicable to IDEA cases because they are not
usually complex”); A.C. ex rel. Clark v. District of Columbia, 674 F.Supp.2d 149, 155 (D.D.C.
2009) (finding the USAO Laffey inapplicable in an IDEA case where “almost all of the
attorney’s fees in question are the result of counsel’s preparation for attendance at routine
administrative hearing”); Agapito v. District of Columbia, 525 F.Supp.2d 150, 155 (D.D.C.
9
2007) (adjusting attorney fee award and declining to rely on the Laffey Matrix for these
“relatively simple and straighforward IDEIA cases”). The Court will therefore award fees at an
hourly rate equal to three-quarters of the USAO Laffey Matrix rate, which is $169 for Nahass
and $95 for Scott, McKenzie and Meehan.7
B. Challenges to Time Charges
Defendant claims that some of the hours billed by Plaintiff’s counsel [valued at $379.90]
should not be compensated because they are too remote in time as to “preclude a meaningful
relationship with the hearing.” (Opposition at 16, citing Czarniewy v. District of Columbia, 2005
U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5161, at *11 (D.D.C. March 25, 2005)). See also Role Models America, Inc. v.
Brownlee, 353 F.3d 962, 973 (D.C. Cir. 2004) (where administrative fee charges have no
temporal proximity to the proceeding on which the right to fees is based but instead appear to be
administrative matters between counsel and his client, these charges are not appropriate for
reimbursement). Defendant asserts that “[t]he statute does not contemplate an undefined form of
ongoing representation of students [but instead] [i]t quantifies the activities for which school
districts are obliged to reimburse legal representation to the administrative process described in
20 U.S.C. §1415. . . .” (Opposition at 16.)
A review of the time sheets submitted by Plaintiffs shows that the time charges noted by
counsel have sufficient temporal proximity to the date of the HOD. A few time entries pre-date
and include the due process hearing, reflecting preparation for and attendance at the hearing;
7
Defendant notes that a 25% reduction in Laffey Matrix rates brings these fees in line
with its DCPS Fee Guidelines (Opposition at 15); however, it is not the intent of this Court to
mirror the DCPS Fee Guidelines but instead to apply a percentage reduction that represents the
fact that most IDEA litigation [involving administrative proceedings] is not complex federal
litigation warranting the application of Laffey Matrix rates.
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several time entries note the hearing and counsel’s actions taken in response to the Hearing
Officer’s Determination; and finally, some time entries following the HOD reflect follow-up by
counsel, including two entries for time spent ensuring HOD compliance. The undersigned does
not recommend any further reduction in time charges based on Defendant’s claim that some
charges are remote.
C. Fees and Costs Awarded
The amount of fees and costs requested by Plaintiff is $1,046.50, which can be broken
down into $904.00 for legal fees and $142.50 for costs. Defendant has not contested the costs.
The legal fees claimed were based on 2 hours billed at $268.00/hour and 1.75 hours billed at
$146.00/hour and .75 hours billed at $150.00/hour.8 This Court has determined that hourly rates
based on 75% of the Laffey Matrix rate are applicable, which means that 2 hours are billed at
$169.00/hour and 2.25 hours are be billed at $98.00/hour. Total fees thus equal $558.50, and
total costs equal $142.50, which together total $701.00.
____________/s/_____________________
DATED: November 4, 2011 ALAN KAY
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
8
Applying the enhanced Laffey Matrix, the hourly rate for paralegals from June 1, 2008
through May 31, 2009 was $152.00/hour. The Court is uncertain why Plaintiff used a rate of
$150.00/hour post-June 1, 2008.
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