Metcalf v. Federal Bureau of Prisons , 530 F. Supp. 2d 131 ( 2008 )

530 F. Supp. 2d 131 (2008)

Bradford METCALF, Plaintiff,
v.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, et al., Defendants.

Civil Action No. 07-0206 (ESH).

United States District Court, District of Columbia.

January 7, 2008.

Bradford Metcalf, Terre Haute, IN, pro se.

Kenneth Adebonojo, U.S. Attorney's Office, Washington, DC, for Defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE, District Judge.

This matter is before the Court on defendants' motion to dismiss or transfer.^[1] The Court has considered defendants' motion and plaintiff's opposition, and concludes that transfer of this action to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana is in the interest of justice.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff was "charged with various counts related to the possession of machine guns and destructive devices, plots to kill federal officials and the possession of a semiautomatic assault weapon during and in relation to a crime of violence," and a jury found him "guilty of all but one count." United States v. Metcalf No. 99-1667, 2000 WL 924171, at *2 (6th Cir. June 28, 2000), cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1053, 121 S. Ct. 658, 148 L. Ed. 2d 561 (2000). He was sentenced to a term of 480 Months' imprisonment, Metcalf 2000 WL 924171, at *2, and now is incarcerated at a federal correctional complex in Terre Haute, Indiana ("FCC Terre Haute"). See Compl. at 1.

Plaintiff alleges that prison staff "denied [him] access to a publication entitled Shotgun News," Compl. at 3, on the ground that "it contains information showing the complete breakdown of weapons which if obtained could endanger the security of the institution." Id. at 5; see Supp. Compl. at 1-2 & Ex. 18. According to plaintiff, he has "an evidentiary need for this published material in order to prove his innocence." Compl. at 4 (emphasis in original). Denial of access to this and similar publications, he asserts, denies him meaningful access to the courts. Id. at 6. In addition, plaintiff alleges that, because other prisoners are allowed to receive publications pertaining to firearms, he "has been unequally treated by Terre Haute prison staff, denying him his right to due process." Id. at 8.

In a separate count, plaintiff challenges the Bureau of Prisons policy pursuant to which funds are deducted from a prisoner's trust fund account for payment of court-imposed fines. Compl. at 9-10. He alleges that the deduction of funds exceeds the amount authorized under federal law and accuses defendants of extortion. See id.

II. DISCUSSION

Among other arguments, defendants assert that this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over most of the named defendants and that venue in this district is improper. Defs.' Mot. at 4-11. "Courts in this jurisdiction must examine challenges to personal jurisdiction and venue carefully to guard against the danger that a plaintiff might manufacture venue in the District of Columbia. By naming high government officials as defendants, a plaintiff could bring a suit here that properly should be pursued elsewhere." Cameron v. Thornburgh, 983 F.2d 253, 256 (D.C.Cir.1993).

A. Personal Jurisdiction

The Court engages in a two-part inquiry in order to determine whether it may exercise personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant. First, the Court must determine whether jurisdiction may be exercised under the District of Columbia's long-arm statute. GTE New Media Servs., Inc. v. BellSouth Corp., 199 F.3d 1343, 1347 (D.C.Cir.2000). Second, the Court must determine whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction satisfies due process requirements. Id. (citing United States v. Ferrara, 54 F.3d 825, 828 (D.C.Cir.1995)).

A District of Columbia court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant who either (1) transacts any business in the District, (2) causes tortious injury in the District by an act or omission in the District, or (3) causes tortious injury in the District "by an act or omission outside the District of Columbia if he regularly does or solicits business, engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed, or services rendered, in the District of Columbia."^[2] D.C.Code § 13-423(a). Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that personal jurisdiction under the long-aria statute exists "by demonstrating a factual basis for the exercise of such jurisdiction over the defendant." Novak-Canzeri v. Saud, 864 F. Supp. 203, 205 (D.D.C.1994) (citing First Chicago Int'l v. United Exch. Co., 836 F.2d 1375, 1378 (D.C.Cir.1988)). Plaintiff does not meet his burden.

With the exception of defendants Lappin and Atwood, respectively the Director of and Chief Trust Fund Manager for the Federal Bureau of Prisons, none of the defendants named in plaintiff's original or Supplemental Complaint are alleged to reside or to conduct business in the District of Columbia. See Compl. at 2; Supp. Compl. at 1-2. Although persistent conduct undertaken in a person's individual capacity may constitute the transaction of business for purposes of the long-arm statute, see Pollack v. Meese, 737 F. Supp. 663, 666 (D.D.C.1990), plaintiff's pleadings set forth no allegations that these defendants have any personal connection with the District of Columbia. The mere fact that these defendants are employees of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, which is headquartered in the District, does not render them subject to suit in their individual capacities in the District of Columbia. See Stafford v. Briggs, 444 U.S. 527, 543-45, 100 S. Ct. 774, 63 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1980) (absent minimum contacts other than those arising from federal employment, court may not exercise personal jurisdiction over federal official in his individual capacity). Nor do the pleadings establish that plaintiff suffered any injury in the District of Columbia. The actual injuries that plaintiff complains about occurred in .Indiana. Regardless of whether these defendants acted in or outside of the District, plaintiff suffered no injury here. Accordingly, the Court concludes that it lacks personal over defendants Nalley, Bezy, Veach, Carlson, Baskerville, Erwin, Roal, Morin and Reel under the District's long-arm statute.

B. Venue

"Many, if indeed not most, petitions filed by prisoners not confined in the District of Columbia and not sentenced here originally, will tend to involve factors that make transfer to the place of incarceration appropriate." Starnes v. McGuire, 512 F.2d 918, 926 (D.C.Cir.1974) (en banc). Defendants argue that any claims surviving their motion to dismiss should be transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). Id. at 919-21. Defendant bears the burden of establishing that the transfer of these actions to another federal district is proper. See Onyeneho v. Allstate Ins. Co., 466 F. Supp. 2d 1, 3 (D.D.C.2006).

In a civil action where the Court's jurisdiction is not based solely on diversity of citizenship, as in this case, venue is proper in "(1) a judicial district where any defendant resides, if all defendants reside in the same State, (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred . . . or (3) a judicial district in which any defendant may be found, if there is no district in which the action may otherwise be brought." 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b). Under these criteria, venue in this district is not proper. Not all of the defendants reside in the same state, and a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to plaintiff's claims occurred elsewhere—in the Southern District of Indiana where plaintiff currently is incarcerated and where the events giving rise to his causes of action occurred.

Although venue in, this district is not proper, the Court declines to dismiss this action as defendants suggest. See Defs.' Mot. at 9-11. Rather, the Court is persuaded that transfer of this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) is warranted. Given the likelihood that witnesses and relevant evidence are maintained at FCC Terre Haute, and given the difficulty of transferring plaintiff for purposes of pursuing this litigation, the Court concludes that transfer to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana is both convenient for the parties and is in the interest of justice. See Starnes v. McGuire, 512 F.2d at 930-31; Stern v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, No. 07-cv-00564, 2007 WL 1555830, at *2 (D.D.C. Mar.22, 2007) (federal prisoner's case challenging the validity of the Inmate Financial Responsibility Program implemented by the Bureau of Prisons transferred to district where prisoner was incarcerated and where all the events that gave rise to this action occurred); Zakiya v. United States, 267 F. Supp. 2d 47, 60 (D.D.C.2003) (transferring action to the district where plaintiff properly may assert his claims against defendants in their individual capacities); Joyner v. District of Columbia, 267 F.Supp.2d 15, 20-21 (D.D.C.2003) (action against BOP and its employees, among others, brought by son of murdered prisoner transferred to district where murder occurred).

An Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion will be issued separately.

NOTES

[1] In his original Complaint, plaintiff "requests release from custody of the Bureau of Prisons because he was unconstitutionally obstructed from access to the courts to prove his innocence, which in turn, has caused an unconstitutional confinement." Compl. at 11. This Court "may not entertain a habeas petition involving present physical custody unless [plaintiff's] custodian is within its territorial jurisdiction." Stokes v. United States Parole Comm'n, 374 F.3d 1235, 1239 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 975, 125 S. Ct. 448, 160 L. Ed. 2d 350 (2004). Plaintiff is incarcerated in Indiana, and, for this reason, plaintiff's Motion to Hold Habeas Corpus Petition in Abeyance [Dkt. # 37] will be denied without prejudice.

[2] The District's long-arm statute sets forth alternative bases for Fong-arm jurisdiction. See D.C.Code § 13-423(a). None of these alternatives is relevant in this case.