Woods v. Staet ( 2021 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
ANTHONY WOODS, §
§ No. 389, 2020
Defendant Below, §
Appellant, § Court Below—Superior Court
§ of the State of Delaware
v. §
§ Cr. ID No. 1304011788 (K)
STATE OF DELAWARE, §
§
Plaintiff Below, §
Appellee. §
Submitted: January 8, 2021
Decided: January 28, 2021
Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; VALIHURA and MONTGOMERY-REEVES,
Justices.
ORDER
Upon consideration of the appellant’s opening brief, the appellee’s motion to
affirm, and the record below, it appears to the Court that:
(1) The appellant, Anthony Woods, filed this appeal from the Superior
Court’s denial of his motion for sentence modification or reduction. The State has
moved to affirm the judgment below on the ground that it is manifest on the face of
the opening brief that the appeal is without merit. We agree and affirm.
(2) In 2014, Woods pleaded guilty to first-degree robbery, second-degree
assault, and possession of a deadly weapon during the commission of a felony
(“PDWDCF”). The Superior Court sentenced Woods as follows: for first-degree
robbery, to twenty-five years of imprisonment, suspended after five years for six
months of Level IV work release, followed by eight years of Level III probation; for
second-degree assault, as an habitual offender, to eight years of imprisonment; and
for PDWDCF, to twenty-five years of imprisonment, suspended after two years for
two years of Level III probation.
(3) On October 6, 2020, Woods filed a motion for “Modification, Deferral,
Suspension or Reduction of Sentence for Serious Physical Illness, Injury or
Infirmity.” He invoked 11 Del. C. § 4221 and the Eighth Amendment and sought
review of his sentence based on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic within the
prison and, in particular, because he has a chronic health condition and has
contracted COVID-19 twice while incarcerated. The Superior Court denied the
motion on the grounds that (i) Woods had not demonstrated extraordinary
circumstances to warrant consideration of the motion more than ninety days after the
sentence was imposed;1 (ii) the sentence was consistent with the plea agreement; and
(iii) the sentence includes mandatory incarceration time that cannot be reduced or
suspended. This appeal followed.
1
See DEL. SUPER. CT. CRIM. R. 35(b) (“The court may reduce a sentence of imprisonment on a
motion made within 90 days after the sentence is imposed. . . . The court will consider an
application made more than 90 days after the imposition of sentence only in extraordinary
circumstances or pursuant to 11 Del. C. § 4217.”).
2
(4) We review the denial of a motion for sentence modification for abuse
of discretion.2 On appeal, Woods argues that the Superior Court erred by
considering the motion under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(b), rather than under
11 Del. C. § 4221 or the Eighth Amendment, and by not requiring the State to
respond to the motion before denying it.
(5) We conclude that the Superior Court’s order should be affirmed.
Contrary to Woods’s claim, 11 Del. C. § 4221 does not provide a basis for
modification or reduction of his sentence, because that statute applies only to
sentences of one year or less.3 On appeal, Woods has made only conclusory
references to the Eighth Amendment, and his Eighth Amendment argument is
therefore waived.4 In any event, it appears that the Eighth Amendment cases that
Woods cited in his Superior Court submission involved civil litigation and not
modification of a defendant’s criminal sentence and therefore do not support the
relief Woods seeks. The court did not err by considering the motion under Superior
2
Gladden v. State, 2020 WL 773290 (Del. Feb. 17, 2020).
3
See 11 Del. C. § 4221 (“Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a court may
modify, defer, suspend or reduce a minimum or mandatory sentence of 1 year or less, or a portion
thereof, where the court finds by clear and convincing evidence, or by stipulation of the State, that
the person to be sentenced suffers from a serious physical illness, injury or infirmity with
continuing treatment needs which make incarceration inappropriate and that such person does not
constitute a substantial risk to the community.”).
4
See Flamer v. State, 953 A.2d 130, 134 (Del. 2008) (“[T]his Court has held that the failure of a
party appellant to present and argue a legal issue in the text of an opening brief constitutes a waiver
of that claim on appeal.”).
3
Court Criminal Rule 35(b) rather than under 11 Del. C. § 4221 or the Eighth
Amendment.
(6) Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(b) provides that the court will
consider a motion made more than ninety days after the imposition of sentence only
in “extraordinary circumstances or pursuant to 11 Del. C. § 4217.”5 Section 4217
permits the Superior Court to modify a defendant’s sentence if the Department of
Correction (“DOC”) files an application for good cause shown—including a
defendant’s serious medical illness or infirmity—and certifies that the defendant
does not constitute a substantial risk to the community or himself.6
(7) Woods’s contention that DOC has not acted appropriately to contain
the spread of COVID-19 within the prison system does not provide a basis for relief
under Superior Court Rule 35(b).7 And if Woods’s “specific individual medical
condition warrant[s] sentence modification, an application by DOC under § 4217 is
the proper vehicle to deliver such relief.”8
(8) Finally, the Superior Court did not abuse its discretion by denying the
motion without requiring briefing by the State. Rule 35, on its face, does not contain
5
DEL. SUPER. CT. CRIM. R. 35(b).
6
11 Del. C. §4217.
7
See Williams v. State, 2020 WL 7311325 (Del. Dec. 10, 2020) (affirming denial of motion for
sentence modification based on a “general concern that the Department of Correction . . . was
unable to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the prison population”).
8
Id. at *1.
4
specific briefing requirements, and Woods has not demonstrated how a State
response would have altered the Superior Court’s decision on the motion.9
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the Motion to Affirm is
GRANTED and the judgment of the Superior Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Collins J. Seitz, Jr.
Chief Justice
9
Cf. Miller v. State, 2008 WL 187957 (Del. Jan. 9, 2008) (rejecting claim that the Superior Court
erred by denying motion for sentence correction without giving the defendant an opportunity to
file a reply to the State’s response because “Rule 35 on its face does not provide for the filing of a
reply to a response to the motion” and the appellant did not demonstrate “that any reply that he
would have made to the response would have altered the Superior Court’s decision on the
motion”).
5