Kenneth English v. Reed Trucking ( 2016 )

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
KENNETH ENGLISH, )
Claimant-Appellant, )
)
v. ) C.A. N15A-05-007 PRW
)
REED TRUCKING, )
Employer-Appellee. )
)
Submitted: December 30, 2015
Decided: March 24, 2016
Upon Appeal from the Decision of the Industrial Accident Board.
AFFIRMED.
OPINION AND ORDER
Gary S. Nitsche, Esquire and Samuel D. Pratcher, Esquire, Weik, Nitsche,
Dougherty & Galbraith, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorneys for Claimant-Appellant
Kenneth English.
Joseph Andrews, Esquire, Hoffman Andrews Law Group, Dover, Delaware,
Attorney for Employer-Appellee Reed Trucking.
WALLACE, J.
I. INTRODUCTION
Kenneth English appeals the April 27, 2015 decision from the Industrial
Accident Board (the “Board”) denying his Petition to Determine Additional
Compensation Due.1 In its decision, the Board found that Mr. English sustained no
more than five percent impairment of his right upper extremity. Mr. English
complains the Board’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence because
“the Board erred in finding that Claimant had an eight percent impairment to his
uninjured shoulder.” 2 Essentially, Mr. English argues that the Board erred in
crediting his employer’s expert, Dr. Andrew Gelman, over the testimony of his
own expert, Dr. Stephen J. Rodgers. Mr. English’s employer, Reed Trucking,
argues that the Board’s decision to accept “one expert’s testimony over the
contradictory testimony of another expert constitutes substantial evidence in and of
itself.” 3
Because the Board relied on adequate evidence, its decision denying Mr.
English’s October 16, 2014 Petition to Determine Additional Compensation Due is
hereby AFFIRMED.
1
Industrial Accident Board’s Decision (Apr. 27, 2015).
2
Appellant’s Opening Br. 11.
3
Employer’s Answering Br. 25.
2
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On August 5, 2013, Mr. English was working as a driver for Reed
Trucking.4 While pulling a pallet down to unload his truck, he injured his right
rotator cuff.5 He notified Reed Trucking, which acknowledged his injury was
compensable. Reed Trucking paid for Mr. English’s treatment and other benefits,
including a right rotator cuff repair performed by orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Evan
Crain, on October 22, 2013.6
In September 2014, Dr. Rodgers evaluated Mr. English. Dr. Rodgers
concluded Mr. English’s right shoulder permanent impairment was at 13 percent
based on the AMA Guidelines, Fifth Edition. On January 12, 2015, Reed Trucking
had Mr. English evaluated by Dr. Gelman, who determined Mr. English’s
impairment was two percent under the AMA, Fifth Edition or five percent under
the Sixth Edition. Based on this, Reed Trucking stipulated that Mr. English was
five percent impaired.
Nonetheless, based on Dr. Rodger’s recommendation, Mr. English, through
counsel, filed a Petition to Determine Additional Compensation Due on October
16, 2014. About a month prior to the hearing date, Reed Trucking made a
settlement offer of eight percent, which Mr. English rejected. Accordingly, on
4
Industrial Accident Board’s Decision at 46 (Apr. 27, 2015).
5
Id.
6
Id. at 48.
3
April 2, 2015, a hearing officer and two Board members held an administrative
hearing to determine if Mr. English had an additional impairment above five
percent. The Board issued its decision denying additional compensation on April
28, 2015. Mr. English filed a timely appeal. 7
APRIL 2, 2015 HEARING
Mr. English’s Testimony
Mr. English testified on his own behalf. He denied having prior injuries to
either of his shoulders. 8 Mr. English testified that surgery helped with his right
shoulder pain and that he only has stiffness and limited range of motion now.9 He
also testified he is back to work at this time as a freight driver for UPS; that job
does not require him to lift heavy packages. 10 He has had no subsequent injury to
either shoulder.11
7
19 Del. C. § 2349.
8
Industrial Accident Board Hearing at 46 (Apr. 2, 2015).
9
Id. at 48.
10
Id. at 51, 53.
11
Id. at 49.
4
Mr. English’s Medical Expert
Dr. Rodgers testified that he is board certified in occupational medicine.12
During his September 19, 2014 examination, Mr. English complained of a stiff
shoulder, limited range of motion, and difficulty throwing, reaching, and rotating.13
Dr. Rodgers reviewed Mr. English’s history and medical records.14 He also
thoroughly examined Mr. English, measuring his internal and external rotation.15
During his testimony, Dr. Rodgers also demonstrated to the Board how he
examined Mr. English’s left shoulder. 16
Dr. Rodgers further testified that he used the AMA Guidelines Fifth Edition
to rate Mr. English’s impairment. 17 Dr. Rodgers agreed that the use of the AMA
Guidelines is important because the AMA Guidelines provide “the only standard
that exists out there. . . . for calculating impairments.”18 Dr. Rodgers testified that
he chose to use the Fifth Edition because the Sixth Edition “is still a work in
progress” and the “diagnosis based estimate method in there is very difficult to
12
Id. at 6.
13
Id. at 13.
14
Id. at 8–13.
15
Id. at 15–16.
16
Id. at 17–18.
17
Id. at 26.
18
Id. at 26.
5
use.” 19 When later responding to the Board’s questions, Dr. Rodgers revealed that
the Sixth Edition has been around since 2008 and that he was a contributor to the
casebook for the Guidelines. 20
Based on Mr. English’s history, medical records, and physical examination,
Dr. Rodgers concluded that Mr. English’s impairment rating was 13 percent using
the AMA Guidelines Fifth Edition. 21 Dr. Rodgers testified that under the Fifth
Edition, unlike the Sixth, values are combined for determining upper extremity
impairment. 22 The first value used is based on range of motion and the second
value is for other conditions, such as surgery. 23 Accordingly, Dr. Rodgers rated
Mr. English’s range of motion impairment as three percent and, using his clinical
judgment, Dr. Rodgers compared measurable impairment results from analogous
conditions listed in the Guidelines with that of Mr. English’s unlisted condition and
arrived at a rating of ten percent for the second value.24
Dr. Rodgers acknowledged that some people can have a greater or lesser
range of motion – without injury – compared to the AMA Guidelines’ “normal”
19
Id. at 23.
20
Id. at 42–43.
21
Id. at 16.
22
Id. at 20.
23
Id. at 20–22.
24
Id. at 21–22.
6
range of motion. 25 Dr. Rodgers also acknowledged that, although not required, the
Fifth Edition suggests that the baseline from a non-injured shoulder be subtracted
when determining permanency. 26 And so, Dr. Rodgers testified that what Dr.
Gelman did–compare the uninjured shoulder to the injured shoulder–corresponds
with the AMA, Fifth Edition. 27 Unlike Dr. Gelman, Dr. Rodgers found no
impairment or restriction in Mr. English’s left shoulder.28
Reed Trucking’s Medical Expert
Dr. Gelman, a board certified orthopedic surgeon, testified by deposition.29
He examined Mr. English on January 12, 2015. 30 Mr. English’s primary complaint
was stiffness and a lack of range of motion in his right shoulder.31 Dr. Gelman
examined Mr. English’s neck and both upper extremities. 32 He measured both
shoulders’ range of motion.33 Dr. Gelman testified that to determine permanent
25
Id. at 36.
26
Id. at 23.
27
Id. at 36-37.
28
Id. at 17–19, 40.
29
Dr. Gelman Dep. Tr. 5.
30
Id. at 7.
31
Id. at 9.
32
Id. at 10.
33
Id. at 10–11.
7
impairment, he looked at Mr. English’s symptoms through both the Fifth and Sixth
Editions of the AMA Guidelines.
Dr. Gelman testified that according to the AMA Guidelines, his “role would
be to identify what factors or parameters would best apply with regards to
addressing impairment.”34 Using the Fifth Edition, he “determined that the range
of motion methodology would be the best and most appropriate method to rate Mr.
English.” 35 For Mr. English’s left shoulder–the uninjured shoulder–based on the
numbers calculated for forward flexion, abduction, rotation, extension, and
adduction, Dr. Gelman determined Mr. English would have a permanency of eight
percent under the AMA Guidelines, Fifth Edition.36 Dr. Gelman testified that he
then “took the ranges of motion [of Mr. English’s right side that he had computed
and] compared that to his baseline normal left side, [which] yields a two percent
upper extremity impairment.” 37
Dr. Gelman also determined Mr. English’s impairment under the AMA,
Sixth Edition. 38 Dr. Gelman opined that in Mr. English’s case, the Sixth Edition
34
Id. at 16.
35
Id.
36
Id. at 11.
37
Id. at 16.
38
Id. at 18.
8
more appropriately addresses Mr. English needs, as the Sixth Edition is “more of a
diagnosis-based method versus a range of motion method.”39 Although more
complicated, the Sixth Edition “methodology would take into consideration the
dominating factor or pathology.” 40 Dr. Gelman testified he considered the rotator
cuff pathology which was the dominating pathology addressed by Dr. Crain
surgically on October 22, 2013. 41 Dr. Gelman’s Sixth Edition assessment yielded
an impairment of five percent. 42
Dr. Gelman agreed that Dr. Rodgers rated his assessments using the AMA
Guidelines, Fifth Edition. 43 But Dr. Gelman testified that he could not explain why
or how he disagreed with Dr. Rodgers’ 13 percent impairment rating because it
was unclear to him from Dr. Rodgers’ report what method Dr. Rodgers used to
reach his impairment rating. 44 Dr. Gelman explained, however, that using Dr.
Rodgers’ range of motion numbers “would equate to [a] three percent” impairment
39
Id. at 19.
40
Id. at 19–20.
41
Id. at 19.
42
Id. at 18.
43
Id. at 26.
44
Id. at 26–27.
9
rating under the Fifth Edition.45 That is so, because Dr. Rodgers’ ranges of motion
were generally better than those taken by Dr. Gelman four months later.46
The Board’s Decision
In its April 27, 2015 decision, the Board denied Mr. English’s Petition,
finding he suffered a five percent permanent impairment to his right shoulder, and
he was not entitled to receive additional compensation.47 The Board recounted the
48
Petition’s procedural history and the hearing testimony. Taking into account the
doctors’ and Mr. English’s testimony, the Board decided that Dr. Gelman utilized
the appropriate method to rate Mr. English’s impairment.
“The Board accept[ed] Dr. Gelman’s opinion as more credible and reliable
than Dr. Rodger’s opinion in this case.”49 The Board found that Mr. English
“sustained a 5% permanent partial impairment of the right upper extremity” based
on the AMA Guidelines Sixth Edition.50 The Board also found that Dr. Rodgers’
13 percent rating “overstates and does not accurately reflect [Mr. English’s] true
45
Id. at 27.
46
Id. at 25.
47
Industrial Accident Board’s Decision (Apr. 27, 2015).
48
Id. at 2–12.
49
Id. at 13.
50
Id.
10
loss of use.” 51 For example, ten percent of Dr. Rodgers’ rating “was based on the
use of an analogous procedure listed in the Fifth Edition” since Mr. English’s
specific surgical procedure was not listed. 52 Conversely, Dr. Gelman’s rating
under the Sixth Edition “was based specifically on the type of injury [Mr. English]
sustained and adjusted based on the loss of range of motion and other factors.” 53
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court has repeatedly emphasized the limited extent of its appellate
review of the Industrial Accident Board’s decisions: the Court must determine if
the Board’s factual findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record54
and whether its decision was legally correct. 55
“Substantial evidence” is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind
might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” 56 The Court must, therefore,
review the record to determine if the evidence is legally adequate – i.e., includes
some substantial evidence – to support the Board’s factual findings. In doing so
the Court evaluates the record, in the light most favorable to the prevailing party,
51
Id.
52
Id.
53
Id.
54
Histed v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., 621 A.2d 340, 342 (Del. 1993).
55
Johnson v. Chrysler Corp., 213 A.2d 64, 66 (Del. 1965).
56
Histed, 621 A.2d at 342 (citing Olney v. Cooch, 425 A.2d 610, 614 (Del. 1981)).
11
here, Reed Trucking, to determine whether substantial evidence existed to
reasonably support the Board’s conclusion. 57 The Court does not “weigh evidence,
determine questions of credibility or make its own factual findings.” 58 Rather, the
Court must afford “a significant degree of deference to the Board’s factual
conclusions and its application of those conclusions to the appropriate legal
standards.”59 For it is the Board, not the Court, that is responsible for deciding
which medical expert is more credible.60 And so, the Court does not parse the
expert’s testimony in order to reach its own decision about which expert is more
convincing;61 only if the Court finds that the Board’s determination on expert
witness credibility is unsupported by some substantial competent evidence to
support the finding, may the Court overturn the Board’s decision.62
57
Burmudez v. PTFE Compounds, Inc., 2006 WL 2382793, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 16,
2006).
58
Olney, 425 A.2d at 614.
59
Burmudez, 2006 WL 2382793, at *3 (citing DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 29 § 1142(d)).
60
See Clements v. Diamond State Port. Corp., 831 A.2d 870, 877-78 (Del. 2003); see also,
Coleman v. Dep’t of Labor, 288 A.2d 285, 287 (Del. Super. Ct. 1972).
61
Clements, 831 A.2d at 878; Fieni v. Catholic Health East, 2014 WL 2444795, at *2 (Del.
Super. Ct. Apr. 29, 2014).
62
See Clements, 831 A.2d at 877–78; see also, Carey v. H & H Maintenance, 2001 WL
985114, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 6, 2001).
12
On appeal, the Court reviews legal issues de novo. 63 Mr. English makes no
claim here that any questions of law arise from the Board’s decision.
IV. PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS
Mr. English’s Argument
On appeal, Mr. English argues he is 13 percent impaired and the Board’s
finding that he has an eight percent impairment baseline is unreasonable and
unsupported. He argues that the Board’s decision “does not state how it came to a
determination that [Mr. English] had an eight percent impairment to his uninjured
shoulder” and “fails to address that a physical examination was done at the
hearing.”64 At bottom, Mr. English argues that the Board erroneously accepted Dr.
Gelman’s expert testimony over that of Dr. Rodgers.
Reed Trucking’s Argument
In response, Reed Trucking argues that the Board’s acceptance of one
expert’s testimony over the contrary opinion testimony of another meets the
“substantial evidence” standard. 65 Moreover, Reed Trucking says Mr. English
stipulated that Dr. Gelman was qualified to rate Mr. English’s impairment, thereby
allowing the Board to “choose to rely upon Dr. Gelman instead of Dr. Rodgers in
63
Person-Gaines v. Pepco Holdings, Inc., 981 A.2d 1159, 1161 (Del. 2009).
64
Appellant’s Opening Br. 11.
65
Employer’s Answering Br. 25.
13
this matter.”66 Reed Trucking also suggests that the Board’s “Summary of
Evidence” section of its decision addressed the physical examination that was done
at the hearing. And that Dr. Rodgers “admitted that he did not have any way to
measure Claimant’s ranges of motion at the hearing [and] therefore, could only
testify that there were ‘minimal deficits today, as there were when I measured
it.’” 67
V. DISCUSSION
The Court’s role is limited to determining whether there was substantial
evidence supporting the Board’s findings and whether the decision was legally
correct.68 The Board, not the Court, is responsible for deciding which medical
expert is more believable on a given point. 69 The Board is entitled to accept the
testimony of one medical expert over the testimony of another expert 70 and the
Board certainly does not err by accepting one expert’s opinion over that of the
other if the Board “set[s] forth the factual basis for its conclusion” and the “factual
66
Id. at 26.
67
Id. at 23.
68
Johnson, 213 A.2d at 66.
69
Coleman, 288 A.2d at 287.
70
Standard Distrib. Co. v. Nally, 630 A.2d 640, 646 (Del. 1993).
14
findings are supported by the record.”71 “The medical testimony of one doctor,
while not in agreement with that of [another], [i]s sufficient competent evidence”
supporting the Board’s decision. 72
The Board heard from Dr. Rodgers and Dr. Gelman. The outcome turned on
which expert’s opinion the Board credited. The Board accepted Dr. Gelman’s
opinion that the proper method for determining impairment was under the AMA
Guidelines, Sixth Edition and under that edition, Mr. English had an impairment
rating of five percent. In its decision, the Board unambiguously stated that: “The
Board accept[ed] Dr. Gelman’s opinion as more credible and reliable than Dr.
Rodger’s opinion in this case.”73
The Board determined that Dr. Gelman’s use of the Sixth Edition was
appropriate in Mr. English’s case. In its decision, the Board referenced the
testimony of both experts, the testimony of Mr. English, and articulated why it
decided to accept Dr. Gelman’s opinion. The Board explained why it found that
Dr. Rodgers’ 13% rating “overstates and does not accurately reflect [Mr.
English’s] true loss of use.” 74 For example, the Board noted that the Sixth Edition
71
See Clements, 831 A.2d at 877.
72
Gen. Motors Corp. v. Veasey, 371 A.2d 1074, 1076 (Del. 1977).
73
Industrial Accident Board’s Decision, at 13 (Apr. 27, 2015).
74
Id.
15
specifically listed the type of surgery and injury Mr. English had, while the Fifth
Edition did not. 75 The Board noted other evidence supporting its conclusion, such
as: Mr. English’s testimony that his “shoulder is essentially pain free;” he has
“stiffness and minor loss of motion in several planes of motion;” and other than
lifting heavy packages, his shoulder does not “affect his work or activities.”76
Accordingly, the Court is satisfied that the Board based its conclusion on factual
findings that were supported by substantial evidence.
VI. CONCLUSION
For the forgoing reasons, the decision of the Industrial Accident Board
denying Kenneth English’s October 16, 2014 Petition to Determine Additional
Compensation Due is hereby AFFIRMED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Paul R. Wallace_______
Paul R. Wallace, Judge
Original to Prothonotary
cc: All counsel via File & Serve
75
Id.
76
Id.
16