NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
JOSEPH PANZERA and CAROLYN )
PANZERA, as the personal )
representatives of the Estate of )
Anthony Panzera, on behalf of the )
Estate and on behalf of themselves as )
surviving parents, )
)
Appellants, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D14-4302
)
DARRYL O'NEAL and PUBLIX SUPER )
MARKETS, INC., )
)
Appellees. )
)
Opinion filed December 2, 2015.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Charlotte
County; Joseph G. Foster, Judge.
Brett C. Powell of The Powell Law Firm,
P.A., Palmetto Bay, for Appellants.
Katherine E. Giddings of Akerman, LLP,
Tallahassee and Carrie Ann Wozniak
Akerman, LLP, Orlando, for Appellees.
SLEET, Judge.
The estate of Anthony Panzera1 appeals the final order granting summary
judgment in favor of Darryl O'Neal and Publix Supermarkets, Inc. Because we agree
with the trial court's conclusion that there were no remaining issues of material fact, we
affirm.
In the early morning hours of May 29, 2011, O'Neal, a truck driver
employed by Publix, fatally struck Panzera as he attempted to cross a multilane
interstate on foot. The undisputed facts adduced prior to the summary judgment
hearing showed that around 3 a.m., Panzera walked to I-75, climbed a fence, and
entered the interstate where he was struck by the Publix semi tractor-trailer driven by
O'Neal. Panzera was wearing a dark shirt, and there were no street lights on the
interstate in the area of the accident. The semi's engine was equipped with a governor
that limited the speed of the truck to sixty-five miles per hour, which was five miles per
hour under I-75's posted speed limit. The semi also utilized a system designed to
generate a sudden deceleration report when the semi experienced a drop in speed of
seven miles per hour or more in less than one second. On the night of the collision, the
system produced a report, which indicated that O'Neal was traveling at approximately
sixty-five miles per hour when he suddenly began to decelerate.
O'Neal testified that he first saw Panzera when he ran across the
emergency lane into his lane of travel. He applied his brakes strongly and steered to
the left to avoid Panzera but was unable to avoid the collision. Officer Jennifer Head
and Sergeant Herbert Head of the Florida Highway Patrol responded to the scene of the
1
Anthony Panzera's parents, Joseph and Carolyn Panzera, appear on
behalf of the estate and themselves as surviving parents in this appeal.
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accident. Both observed long skid marks on the road consistent with O'Neal's testimony
that he applied the brakes and swerved to avoid hitting Panzera. Corporal James
Wilmeth of the Florida Highway Patrol prepared the Traffic Homicide Investigation
Report. Corporal Wilmeth observed skid marks beginning almost one hundred feet
before the collision and concluded that the evidence available at the scene indicated
that O'Neal took immediate evasive action, that O'Neal could have done nothing more
to avoid the collision, and that Panzera caused the collision.
At the hearing on O'Neal and Publix's motion for summary judgment, the
estate presented no admissible evidence or expert testimony to refute the Florida
Highway Patrol officers' conclusion that Panzera caused the accident or in support of
their negligence claim against the defendants. O'Neal and Publix argued that the
undisputed facts showed that Panzera's own negligence was the only cause of the
collision and that there was no evidence that O'Neal contributed to Panzera's death.
The trial court agreed and granted final summary judgment in favor of O'Neal and
Publix. This appeal followed.
We review an order granting summary judgment de novo. Volusia Cty. v.
Aberdeen at Ormond Beach, L.P.,
760 So. 2d 126, 130 (Fla. 2000). In a negligence
action, summary judgment is improper "[u]nless a defendant can establish
unequivocally the absence of negligence[] or that the plaintiff’s negligence was the sole
proximate cause of the injury." Tallent v. Pilot Travel Ctrs., LLC,
137 So. 3d 616, 617
(Fla. 2d DCA 2014) (first alteration in original) (quoting Hervey v. Alfonso,
650 So. 2d
644, 646 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995)). "The party moving for summary judgment has the
burden of establishing irrefutably that the nonmoving party cannot prevail." Hervey, 650
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So. 2d at 645-46. Once the moving party has met this heavy burden, the nonmoving
party must offer admissible evidence that shows the existence of a genuine issue of
material fact. Rooker v. Ford Motor Co.,
100 So. 3d 1229, 1231 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012);
Arce v. Wackenhut Corp.,
40 So. 3d 813, 815 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010). Many litigants labor
under the misconception that they need only argue or proffer any fact that they believe
to be in conflict to survive a motion for summary judgment. However, to prevail it must
be admissible evidence that creates a colorable issue of material fact. See Byrd v.
Leach,
226 So. 2d 866, 868 (Fla. 4th DCA 1969) (holding that the nonmoving party
"may not merely assert that an issue does exist, but . . . must go forward with evidence
sufficient to generate an issue on a material fact" (citing Harvey Bldg., Inc. v. Haley,
175
So. 2d 780, 782-3 (Fla. 1965))).
Here, in response to O'Neal and Publix's motion for summary judgment
the estate raised only speculative, rather than genuine, issues of material fact. See
Byrd, 226 So. 2d at 868 ("The term 'genuine issue' means a real, as opposed to a false
or colorable, issue."). The estate relied solely on the deposition testimony of Panzera's
parents, wherein they surmised that O'Neal could have avoided the accident had he
taken additional evasive maneuvers and that therefore he must not have been able to
see Panzera before the collision occurred. Their conclusions were based only on their
personal review of the scene after the accident. The Panzeras admitted that they do
not have experience in accident reconstruction and were not present at the time of the
accident. Therefore, their bare allegations of negligence are purely speculative lay
opinion testimony, which was not admissible evidence and cannot be relied on to create
a material issue of fact. See Tarin v. City Nat'l Bank of Miami, 557 So. 2d 632, 633 (Fla.
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3d DCA 1990) (holding that an officer, as a lay witness with no experience in accident
reconstruction, was not qualified to give an opinion in the "expert field of traffic
investigation and reconstruction").
The only evidence adduced prior to the summary judgment hearing
showed that O'Neal was traveling below the speed limit in the right lane, that he applied
the brakes as he saw Panzera running into the road, and that he steered to the left to
avoid Panzera, who entered the highway from the right shoulder. This evidence
supports the appellees' arguments that Panzera was the sole proximate cause of the
accident and that there is no admissible record evidence that would support a finding
that O'Neal was negligent in his efforts to avoid the collision.
Because the estate's issues are purely speculative and based on
inadmissible lay opinion testimony, no material issue of fact remains, and we affirm the
order granting summary judgment.
Affirmed.
ALTENBERND and LUCAS, JJ., Concur.
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