Demir v. Schollmeier , 273 So. 3d 59 ( 2018 )

Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida
Opinion filed November 28, 2018.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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No. 3D17-2578
Lower Tribunal No. 09-31895
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Tugend Demir,
Appellant,
vs.
Georg Schollmeier,
Appellee.
An Appeal from a non-final order from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade
County, Rosa I. Rodriguez, Judge.
Light & Gonzalez, PLLC, and Gregory Light (Plantation), for appellant.
Fowler White Burnett, P.A., and Susan H. Aprill (Fort Lauderdale) and
Alexandra L. Tifford, for appellee.
Before SALTER, EMAS and FERNANDEZ, JJ.
EMAS, J.
Tugend Demir, the defendant below, appeals from an order denying his
motion to vacate a default final judgment entered against him in the amount of
$490,551.52. He argued below, and here on appeal, that because the trial court
never acquired personal jurisdiction over him, the subsequent default final
judgment was void and not merely voidable. We agree.
Georg Schollmeier, the plaintiff below, was unable to personally serve
defendant, and thereafter constructively served defendant by publication under
section 49.011. However, and as plaintiff commendably concedes, substituted
service by publication under section 49.011 is not authorized for this type of
action, which sought a money judgment premised on an alleged breach of contract,
breach of fiduciary duty, and breach of statutory duty of loyalty and care.1 See
Drury v. Nat’l Auto Lenders, Inc., 83 So. 3d 951 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012).
1 Although plaintiff conceded on the merits that substitute service failed to acquire
personal jurisdiction over defendant, plaintiff nevertheless contends that defendant
failed to properly preserve the issue below and thus waived it on appeal. We reject
this contention. Further, even if not properly preserved, plaintiff’s failure to
acquire personal jurisdiction over defendant, rendering the subsequent judgment
void, can be raised as fundamental error on appeal. Kitchens v. Nationstar Mortg.,
LLC, 189 So. 3d 355 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016). See also Falkner v. Amerifirst Fed.
Sav. and Loan Ass’n, 489 So. 2d 758 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986) (explaining that a void
judgment is a legal nullity, deemed never to have had any legal force and effect,
and may be attacked at any time); Sterling Factors Corp. v. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n,
968 So. 2d 658 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007); Fisher v. State, 840 So. 2d 325 (Fla. 5th DCA
2003); M.L. Builders, Inc. v. Reserve Developers, LLP, 769 So. 2d 1079 (Fla. 4th
DCA 2000). Finally, and given plaintiff’s concession, no purpose would be served
in remanding the cause for the trial court to consider the issue anew. See New
England Rare Coin Galleries, Inc. v. Robertson, 506 So. 2d 1161 (Fla. 3d DCA
1987).
2
In the instant case, as in Drury,
because a personal judgment against a defendant based upon
constructive service of process would deprive a defendant of his
property without due process of law, the service attempted in this case
also is constitutionally deficient. Service by publication confers only
in rem or quasi in rem jurisdiction upon a trial court. A personal
money judgment necessitates in personam jurisdiction over the
defendant.
Id. at 952 (citing Zieman v. Cosio, 578 So. 2d 332, 332-33 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991))
(additional citations omitted). See also Bedford Comput. Corp. v. Graphic Press,
Inc., 484 So. 2d 1225, 1227 (Fla. 1986) (holding: “If constructive service must be
used, then it confers only in rem or quasi in rem jurisdiction upon the court. A
personal judgment against a defendant based upon constructive service of process
would deprive a defendant of his property without due process of law”); New
England Rare Coin Galleries, Inc. v. Robertson, 506 So. 2d 1161, 1162 (Fla. 3d
DCA 1987) (reversing order denying motion to vacate default judgment and
holding that service of process by publication under section 49.011 was not
authorized for an action seeking damages for breach of contract, breach of
warranty, fraud and negligent misrepresentation; such service failed to acquire
personal jurisdiction over defendant, rendering subsequent default and default
judgment void).
It is well settled: “Where substitute service of process is used, strict
compliance with the statutes governing this form of service is essential to obtaining
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valid personal jurisdiction over the defendant(s).” Fed. Nat. Mortg. Ass’n v.
Fandino, 751 So. 2d 752, 753 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000), and cases cited. We recently
explained the consequences flowing from a plaintiff’s failure to strictly comply
with statutes governing substitute service of process:
The party seeking to establish jurisdiction through constructive
service has the burden to establish the validity of service of process.
Moreover, because lack of personal service raises due process issues,
the plaintiff seeking constructive service must strictly comply with the
requirements of Chapter 49 of the Florida Statutes. Therefore, the
statute is strictly construed against the plaintiff seeking service under
Chapter 49, and absent strict compliance with the statute, service is
improper and any resulting proceeding or judgment is void.
Castro v. Charter Club, Inc., 114 So. 3d 1055, 1059 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (emphasis
added) (citations omitted). See also Ressler v. Sena, 307 So. 2d 457 (Fla. 4th DCA
1975) (holding that constructive service of process by publication under section
49.011 was void in an action for damages arising out of an alleged breach of
contract).
Although a trial court’s denial of a rule 1.540 motion is ordinarily reviewed
for an abuse of discretion, “[i]f it is determined that the judgment entered is void,
the trial court has no discretion, but is obligated to vacate the judgment.” Horton
v. Rodriguez Espaillat y Asociados, 926 So. 2d 436, 437 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006)
(quoting Dep’t of Transp. v. Bailey, 603 So. 2d 1384, 1386-87 (Fla. 1st DCA
1992)). Because the default final judgment entered in this case was void and not
merely voidable, the trial court erred in denying the motion to vacate that final
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judgment. We therefore reverse the trial court’s order and remand with directions
to enter an order vacating the default final judgment and for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.2
2Because we reverse on this ground, we do not reach the merits of the additional
points raised in this appeal.
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