Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida
Opinion filed July 27, 2022.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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No. 3D21-1576
Lower Tribunal No. 17-17150
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Rosemary Olsen, etc.,
Appellant,
vs.
Philip Morris USA, Inc.,
Appellee.
An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Jose M.
Rodriguez, Judge.
The Alvarez Law Firm, and Alex Alvarez, Michael Alvarez, Philip
Holden, and Nicholas Reyes; David J. Sales, P.A., and David J. Sales
(Sarasota), for appellant.
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, and Frank Cruz-Alvarez and Melissa N.
Madsen and Scott A. Chesin (New York, NY); Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer
LLP, and Geoffrey J. Michael (Washington, DC), for appellee.
Before EMAS, SCALES and GORDO, JJ.
EMAS, J.
In this Engle-progeny case, Rosemary Olsen (the personal
representative for her husband’s estate) appeals from a final judgment,
following a jury trial in which the jury found in favor of Philip Morris USA, Inc.
The jury found in favor of Philip Morris on the first (and threshold) question
on the verdict form: “Was Harry Olsen addicted to cigarettes containing
nicotine and, if so, was such addiction a legal cause of his atherosclerotic
coronary heart disease and/or cerebrovascular disease?” Having answered
this question in the negative, the verdict form advised the jury that “your
verdict is for Philip Morris USA Inc., and you should proceed no further
except to date and sign this verdict form and return it to the courtroom.”
The trial court thereafter entered final judgment in favor of Philip Morris,
and denied Olsen’s motion for new trial.
On appeal, Olsen contends the trial court abused its discretion in
permitting Philip Morris to improperly impeach Mrs. Olsen and in overruling
objections to arguments by Philip Morris’ counsel which (Mrs. Olsen asserts)
“suggested Mrs. Olsen’s trial counsel had procured false testimony from Mrs.
Olsen to defeat Philip Morris’ defense of limitations, and to explain errors in
her earlier, sworn statements.”
We have thoroughly reviewed the record, including the examination
and cross-examination of Olsen, as well as the comments and arguments
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complained of by Olsen. In context, and considered with the entire record of
the trial proceedings, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s actions
in permitting the impeachment of Olsen, in overruling objections to Philip
Morris’ arguments to the jury, and in denying Olsen’s motions for mistrial and
new trial. See, e.g., De la Portilla v. State,
877 So. 2d 871, 874 (Fla. 3d DCA
2004) (A trial court “has control over the scope of cross-examination” and its
rulings “are not subject to review unless there is a clear abuse of discretion”);
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Calloway,
201 So. 3d 753, 764 (Fla. 4th DCA
2016) (“If the issue of an opponent's improper argument has been properly
preserved by objection and motion for mistrial, the trial court should grant a
new trial if the argument was ‘so highly prejudicial and inflammatory that it
denied the opposing party its right to a fair trial.’” (quoting Engle v. Liggett
Grp., Inc.,
945 So. 2d 1246, 1271 (Fla. 2006))). Philip Morris USA, Inc. v.
Ledoux,
230 So. 3d 530, 538 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (“We review the trial court's
denial of a motion for mistrial and motion for new trial for an abuse of
discretion”). And as this Court has recognized, when analyzing whether a
trial court abused its discretion in ruling on a motion for new trial, appellate
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courts traditionally defer to the superior vantage point enjoyed by the trial
court. Tanner v. Beck,
907 So. 2d 1190, 1196 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005). 1
Affirmed.
1
To the extent appellant’s claims of improper impeachment and improper
argument relate to Philip Morris’ statute of limitations and Fabre defenses,
any purported error was harmless: because the jury answered “no” to the
first question on the verdict form—“Was Harry Olsen addicted to cigarettes
containing nicotine and, if so, was such addiction a legal cause of his
atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and/or cerebrovascular disease?”—
the jury never considered the defenses addressed within the verdict form’s
remaining questions. See Special v. W. Boca Med. Ctr.,
160 So. 3d 1251
(Fla. 2014); Samiian v. Johnson,
302 So. 3d 966, 981 (Fla. 1st DCA 2020)
(“Ultimately, the jury never reached the issue of damages given its
determination that FPIC did not act in bad faith and that the Foley
Defendants were not negligent. Therefore, even if it could be said that the
trial court committed error as to the issue of damages, any error would be
harmless”); Loureiro v. Pools by Greg, Inc.,
698 So. 2d 1262 (Fla. 4th DCA
1997) (finding that, although the trial court erred in including nonparties on
the verdict form, such error was harmless because the jury found contractor
was not negligent and, as a result, did not consider any fault of nonparties).
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