Huffman v. State , 192 So. 3d 687 ( 2016 )

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
DAVID S. HUFFMAN, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D14-3462
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
___________________________________)
Opinion filed June 3, 2016.
Appeal pursuant to Fla. R. App. P.
9.141(b)(2) from the Circuit Court for
Sarasota County; Donna Padar Berlin,
Judge.
Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender,
and Maureen E. Surber, Assistant Public
Defender, Bartow, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Cerese Crawford Taylor,
Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for
Appellee.
PER CURIAM.
David S. Huffman appeals the order striking his successive motion to
correct illegal sentence filed under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a).
Because the postconviction record demonstrates that Mr. Huffman's life sentences
imposed in circuit court case number 1985-CF-1782-NC are illegal and that failure to
correct the sentences could result in a manifest injustice, we affirm the order striking Mr.
Huffman's motion but remand for the postconviction court to appoint the Office of the
Public Defender to file a rule 3.800(a) motion on Mr. Huffman's behalf along the lines
set forth in this opinion.
I. THE FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In circuit court case number 1972-CF-0870-NC, a jury found Mr. Huffman
guilty of rape, at the time a capital felony, and breaking and entering with intent to
commit grand larceny.1 In November 1972, the trial court sentenced him to parole-
eligible life sentences for both convictions. This court affirmed both convictions and the
parole-eligible life sentence imposed for the rape conviction but held that the breaking
and entering offense was a second-degree felony and reduced that sentence to the
statutory maximum of fifteen years' imprisonment. See Huffman v. State, 301 So. 2d
815, 817 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974). For reasons unknown, the circuit court did not enter an
amended sentence until June 30, 1994.
Mr. Huffman was released on parole in 1984. While on parole, he was
charged with new offenses, and a jury found him guilty of armed sexual battery, a life
felony, and armed burglary, a first-degree felony punishable by life, in circuit court case
number 1985-CF-1782-NC. On February 21, 1986, the trial court sentenced him to
concurrent life sentences for each offense, and this court affirmed those convictions and
sentences. Huffman v. State, 522 So. 2d 393 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) (table decision).
1
The Florida Department of Corrections website shows the date of these
offenses as July 20, 1972.
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Mr. Huffman has filed several postconviction motions and has been
prohibited by both this court and the postconviction court from filing pro se pleadings
that attack his judgments and sentences imposed in case number 1985-CF-1782-NC.
See Huffman v. Singletary, 696 So. 2d 788, 789 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997).
In 2013, Mr. Huffman filed a motion under rule 3.800(a) challenging his
fifteen-year sentence for his 1972 breaking and entering conviction. The motion alleged
in part that the circuit court's failure to timely correct the sentence for his 1972 breaking
and entering caused that crime to be erroneously scored on his scoresheet in 1986.
The circuit court struck the motion as unauthorized under its 1999 order enjoining Mr.
Huffman from further pro se filings. Mr. Huffman appealed that order, and this court
appointed the Public Defender to represent him and to file a brief regarding errors
apparent on the face of the 1986 scoresheet that was attached to Mr. Huffman's motion.
II. MR. HUFFMAN'S APPELLATE ARGUMENTS
Mr. Huffman contends that two scoresheet errors resulted in de facto
upward departure life sentences. First, Mr. Huffman's 1972 conviction for rape under
section 794.01, Florida Statutes (1972), was a capital offense, and capital offenses
were not scored as a prior record under the sentencing guidelines. See Stuart v. State,
536 So. 2d 363, 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) ("Capital felonies are not subject to the
sentencing guidelines, § 921.001(4)(a), Fla. Stat. (1985), and cannot be considered in
calculating the presumptive range." (citing Smith v. State, 454 So. 2d 90 (Fla. 2d DCA
1984))). The scoresheet improperly assesses 264 points as a "life felony" for this
conviction. Second, Mr. Huffman's 1972 conviction for breaking and entering was
improperly scored as a first-degree felony punishable by life and not as a second-
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degree felony. See Huffman, 301 So. 2d at 815. For that reason, the scoresheet
improperly adds 211 points under prior record for a first-degree felony punishable by life
instead of 159 points for two second-degree felonies and 26 points for one third-degree
felony.
Mr. Huffman contends that a correct scoresheet total, i.e., 557 points,
would result in a recommended range of twenty-seven to forty years' imprisonment.2
See Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.988(b). "Under the original sentencing guidelines, the guidelines
calculation resulted in a presumptive sentence of a single number of years and a 'one-
cell' recommended range of years. A sentence calculation error was deemed harmful if
it fell outside the recommended range." State v. Anderson, 905 So. 2d 111, 114 (Fla.
2005) (citation omitted). "[S]uch an error was deemed a de facto departure sentence
and therefore illegal." Id. at 114 n.4.3 Mr. Huffman further argues that the errors appear
on the face of the record and can be corrected at any time under rule 3.800(a). He asks
this court to vacate his life sentences imposed in case number 1985-CF-1782-NC and
to remand for resentencing within the recommended range under the 1985 guidelines.
2
Mr. Huffman actually argues that the correct scoresheet total is 565
points. This number appears to be incorrect. We calculate the correct scoresheet total
as follows: I: Primary offense at conviction, sexual battery, a life felony, 262 points; II:
Additional offense at conviction, armed burglary, a first-degree felony punishable by life,
40 points; III: Prior record, the 1972 rape, which is not scoreable; two second-degree
felonies,159 points; and one third-degree felony, 26 points; IV: Legal constraint, on
parole, 30 points; and V: Victim injury, penetration or slight injury, 40 points; Total, 557
points.
3
We observe that under the amended 1988 version of the guidelines
(effective July 1, 1988), Mr. Huffman's life sentences would be in the newly-created
"permitted range" and would not be illegal. See In re Sentencing Guidelines, 522 So.
2d 374, 382-83 (Fla. 1988).
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In its response, the State points out that this court has previously
addressed the scoresheet errors asserted in Mr. Huffman's current motion and held that
such errors could not be raised for the first time on appeal and are not appropriate for
consideration under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a) because they involved
questions of disputed fact. Huffman v. State, 611 So. 2d 2, 4 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992).
(citing Lomont v. State, 506 So. 2d 1141 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986)).4 This court also
determined, based on the record before it, that the alleged errors were harmless beyond
a reasonable doubt. Id.III. DISCUSSION
A. This Court's Prior Reliance on Lomont
In Lomont, the defendant contended in a postconviction motion that his
five-year sentence was based on a calculation that assessed three prior felony
convictions, but he claimed that he had only one prior felony conviction. 506 So. 2d at
1141. The postconviction court ruled that the error should have been raised at
sentencing or on direct appeal and was procedurally barred in a motion for
postconviction relief. Id. This court affirmed "notwithstanding the recent supreme court
opinions in State v. Chaplin, 490 So. 2d 52 (Fla. 1986), and State v. Whitfield, 487 So.
2d 1045 (Fla. 1986)" because Mr. Lomont's claim of scoresheet error was not "readily
4
In our 1992 opinion, this court also addressed the addition of 40
scoresheet points for victim injury in light of the then-recent decision in Karchesky v.
State, 591 So. 2d 930 (Fla. 1992). Huffman, 611 So. 2d at 3. Mr. Huffman has not
raised a claim of error with regard to the assessment of scoresheet points for victim
injury in his current motion, and to the extent that the assignment of such points may
have been incorrect, it did not involve his 1972 convictions.
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apparent from the face of the record" and would require an evidentiary hearing to
resolve. Id. at 1141-42.
We are unable to discern the extent of record evidence that this court had
in front of it at the time Huffman v. State, 611 So. 2d 2, was decided. However, in the
record presently before this court, it appears that Mr. Huffman's 1986 sentencing
guidelines scoresheet is inaccurate for the reasons outlined above. Accordingly, we
conclude that the error complained of is apparent on the face of the record and is
amenable to correction via a motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to rule
3.800(a). See Whitfield, 487 So. 2d at 1047 (holding that a contemporaneous objection
was not required to preserve review of an illegal sentence and amending rule 3.800(a)
to provide that "[a] court may at any time correct an illegal sentence imposed by it or an
incorrect calculation made by it in a sentencing guidelines scoresheet"); Chaplin, 490
So. 2d at 53 (noting that the amendment to rule 3.800(a) announced in Whitfield was
dispositive of that case, "as it allows the trial court to correct, at any time, an incorrect
calculation of a sentencing guidelines score sheet"); see also Merchant v. State, 509
So. 2d 1101, 1102 (Fla. 1987) (holding that Merchant's claim of scoresheet error "is
controlled by our decision in Whitfield because first, the alleged error does appear in the
record and second, the error did in fact result in a departure from the presumptive
guidelines sentence").
B. Collateral Estoppel and Manifest Injustice
This court has repeatedly held that the doctrines of law of the case and
collateral estoppel will not apply to preclude consideration of a successive rule 3.800(a)
motion when doing so would result in a defendant serving a sentence that exceeds the
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sentence that could have been legally imposed. See Plasencia v. State, 170 So. 3d
865, 872 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015) (holding that an improper upward departure sentence
resulting in nine additional years of imprisonment constituted a manifest injustice which
precluded the application of collateral estoppel to bar Mr. Plasencia's claim); Bronk v.
State, 25 So. 3d 701, 703 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010) ("The fact that this court affirmed a denial
of [Mr. Bronk's] claim in a previous postconviction motion does not preclude relief when
the award of jail credit is clearly incorrect as a matter of law and a failure to correct that
error would result in manifest injustice."); Brinson v. State, 995 So. 2d 1047, 1049 (Fla.
2d DCA 2008) ("While the doctrines of law of the case or collateral estoppel can apply
to preclude consideration of a successive rule 3.800(a) motion, we conclude that
application of those doctrines under the circumstances of this case would likely
constitute manifest injustice because it appears that Brinson is serving a sentence that
far exceeds what he would be subject to absent the improper enhancement."); Cillo v.
State, 913 So. 2d 1233, 1233 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005) ("Although this claim would typically
be collaterally estopped, we are nevertheless compelled to correct a manifest injustice
because, as the State concedes, Cillo's sentence exceeds the statutory maximum.").
In this case, with a corrected scoresheet, Mr. Huffman's recommended
range under the guidelines appears to be from twenty-seven to forty years; thus, his
sentences of life imprisonment could not have been imposed absent a departure.5 To
be sure, Mr. Huffman's prior capital conviction constitutes a basis upon which the trial
court could depart from the guidelines to impose a life sentence. See Davis v. State,
5
We do not address the issue of the assessment of 40 points for victim
injury in connection with Mr. Huffman's 1986 conviction for sexual battery.
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493 So. 2d 82, 83 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986) ("Since the rules of criminal procedure do not
provide a means of scoring a capital felony as an additional offense at conviction, a
capital felony may be considered by the trial court as a reason for departing from the
guidelines."). Nevertheless, the possibility of a departure cannot render an illegal
sentence harmless because this court cannot "speculate on the trial judge's action on
remand and, in any event, [a defendant] is entitled to appellate review of the mandatory
findings written in support of any departure." Whitfield, 487 So. 2d at 1047; see also
Ferguson v. State, 554 So. 2d 1214, 1215 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990) ("Although the unscored
capital conviction would be a valid reason for an upward departure, we cannot affirm the
sentence when that reason has not been reduced to writing.").6
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the order striking Mr. Huffman's motion.
However, we remand for the postconviction court to appoint the Office of the Public
Defender to consider this matter and, if appropriate, to file a rule 3.800(a) motion on Mr.
Huffman’s behalf. The postconviction court shall consider the merits of the motion, and
if appropriate, resentence Mr. Huffman under the 1985 guidelines.7
Affirmed; remanded with directions.
WALLACE, LaROSE, and BADALAMENTI, JJ., Concur.
6
This court's comment in Huffman, 611 So. 2d at 4, that "the trial court
could have imposed an upward departure sentence in any event," although dicta,
appears to conflict with Whitfield.
7
We note that any correction of Mr. Huffman's sentences in case number
1985-CF-1782-NC will not affect his sentence of parole-eligible life imprisonment for his
rape conviction in case number 1972-CF-0870-NC. However, failure to correct the
sentences could conceivably prevent Mr. Huffman from being released on parole,
should the Parole Commission determine that parole is appropriate.
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