Wesby v. State , 230 So. 3d 939 ( 2017 )

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
KEITH LAMAR WESBY )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D15-4661
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
)
Opinion filed November 15, 2017.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Pinellas
County; Michael F. Andrews, Judge.
Keith Wesby, pro se.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and John M. Klawikofsky,
Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for
Appellee.
BADALAMENTI, Judge.
Keith Lamar Wesby appeals the denial of his motion for postconviction
relief. See Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850. The motion alleged thirteen separate grounds for
relief, most of which were summarily denied without an evidentiary hearing, with the
exception of Grounds 7a and 7b—these were denied after an evidentiary hearing. We
affirm the postconviction court's ruling, with the exception of its summary denial of
Ground 3. Because Mr. Wesby's allegation that his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to move for disclosure of a confidential informant (CI) is not conclusively refuted
by the record, we reverse the postconviction court's summary denial of Ground 3 and
remand for an evidentiary hearing.
Mr. Wesby allegedly participated in three controlled drug buys with an
undercover detective of the St. Petersburg Police Department. The first buy was set up
through a CI who contacted Michael Brown—Mr. Wesby's brother—to arrange the
purchase. On October 9, 2008, the detective and the CI met with Mr. Brown at a
convenience store, and an acquaintance of Mr. Brown's named "Dino" sold the
detective some Fioricet pills. The detective was led to believe that these were actually
hydrocodone pills, but they were not.
On October 23, 2008, "Dino" contacted the detective and told him he may
have some hydrocodone for sale. "Dino" and the detective met in the front yard of a
residence, where "Dino" sold the detective hydrocodone in liquid and pill form. Neither
the CI nor Mr. Brown took part in this transaction.
On March 2, 2009, the detective contacted "Dino" and asked him if he had
any more hydrocodone. "Dino" said that he did not, but that he had cocaine instead.
The detective then purchased an eight-ball of cocaine from "Dino." Again, neither the
CI nor Mr. Brown took part in this transaction.
During these three transactions, the detective was unable to determine
"Dino's" real name. But after the detective researched the tag number of Michael
Brown's car, he found records of a previous traffic stop during which Mr. Wesby was
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present in the car. The detective then obtained a photograph of Mr. Wesby and
identified him as "Dino."
Based on the detective's identification of Mr. Wesby as "Dino," Mr. Wesby
was charged and adjudicated guilty of unlawful sale of a prescription drug, trafficking in
hydrocodone, sale of cocaine, and possession of cocaine. Mr. Wesby's defense at trial
was misidentification. Mr. Wesby was sentenced to a term of imprisonment for an
overall length of twenty-five years, with a twenty-five-year minimum mandatory
sentence for the trafficking charge. This court affirmed Mr. Wesby's convictions and
sentences on direct appeal. Wesby v. State, 109 So. 3d 803 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013) (table
decision).
Mr. Wesby then filed his pro se motion for postconviction relief. In Ground
3 of his operative motion, Mr. Wesby alleged that his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to move for disclosure of the CI. Mr. Wesby further alleged in his operative
motion (1) that Mr. Wesby informed his counsel that he is not the person who sold drugs
to the detective, (2) that disclosure of the CI was necessary to establish the defense of
misidentification, (3) that the CI was present for the first controlled buy, (4) that the
State's only identification testimony came from the detective, and (5) that had defense
counsel moved for disclosure of the CI and then called him or her to testify, the CI would
have corroborated Mr. Wesby's claim that he was misidentified as "Dino."
In its response, the State points to one sentence in Mr. Wesby's motion
which provides that the detective's "identification testimony was the only evidence
submitted to the jury to prove . . . the [h]ydrocodone trafficking charge." (Emphasis
added.) Because the CI was only present for the October 9 transaction and not the
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October 23 transaction—which is when the detective first received real hydrocodone
from "Dino"—the State argues that disclosure of the CI would have been immaterial to
the hydrocodone trafficking charge. Moreover, even if the CI had been disclosed and
called to testify, the State maintains that the detective's trial testimony would not have
changed and that Mr. Wesby would have been convicted anyway. In summarily
denying Ground 3, the postconviction court adopted the State's position wholesale. We
disagree and reverse. Mr. Wesby was, at minimum, entitled to an evidentiary hearing
on Ground 3 of his motion for postconviction relief.
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant
must show (1) that counsel's performance was unreasonable under prevailing
professional norms and (2) that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. See
generally Thompson v. State, 990 So. 2d 482, 489-90 (Fla. 2008) (citing Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984)). Where no evidentiary hearing is held on an
issue in a postconviction motion, "we must accept the defendant's factual allegations to
the extent they are not refuted by the record." Foster v. State, 810 So. 2d 910, 914 (Fla.
2002) (quoting Peede v. State, 748 So. 2d 253, 257 (Fla. 1999)). We may only affirm a
postconviction court's summary denial if the record conclusively shows that the
appellant is entitled to no relief. See Fla. R. App. P. 9.141(b)(2)(D).
"When asserting that disclosure of information is necessary to establish a
specific defense, '[t]he defendant must make a preliminary showing of the colorability of
the defense prior to disclosure.' " State v. Borrego, 970 So. 2d 465, 467 (Fla. 2d DCA
2007) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Hernandez, 546 So. 2d 761, 762 (Fla. 2d
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DCA 1989)). This court has previously noted that a movant asserting a misidentification
defense involving a CI must provide "[s]worn allegations supporting a misidentification
defense for which the CI's testimony would be helpful." Wilson v. State, 13 So. 3d 83,
84 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).1 Here, Mr. Wesby properly alleged that he did not sell the
detective any drugs, that the CI arranged the first transaction and was present at the
time of the first transaction, and that the CI would have testified that Mr. Wesby was not
present at the transaction and was not the person who sold the drugs. See id. at 84-85.
We are not persuaded by the State's argument that the CI's testimony was
immaterial because the CI was only present for the first buy. If the CI had been
disclosed and testified that Mr. Wesby was not present at the October 9 transaction, the
credibility of the detective would have been undermined as to the subsequent
transactions. This court faced a similar fact pattern in McLoyd v. State, 768 So. 2d
1159, 1160 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000), where a law enforcement officer used a CI to set up a
controlled buy with the defendant, Jimmy McLoyd. The officer obtained Mr. McLoyd's
contact information and set up a second buy, this time without the assistance of the CI.
Id. Mr. McLoyd was convicted and adjudicated guilty on two counts of sale of cocaine
and two counts of possession with intent to sell. Id. He then filed a motion for
postconviction relief arguing that his counsel was ineffective for failing to call the CI as a
witness.2 Mr. McLoyd asserted that had the CI been called to testify, she would have
revealed that "she never met McLoyd and that he never sold her illegal drugs." Id.
1
All proper rule 3.850 motions are sworn. See Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850(c).
2
From the limited facts in the opinion, it seems as though the CI's identity
in McLoyd was already known to defense counsel prior to trial, even though counsel still
did not call the CI to testify. Although the CI was not disclosed in the case before us, we
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The postconviction court summarily rejected Mr. McLoyd's argument
because (1) hearsay testimony from the officer established that the CI was unavailable
to testify because she was in rehab and (2) the omission of the CI's testimony could not
have prejudiced the trial because it was cumulative of the officer's testimony. Id. at
1161. On appeal, this court reversed. Concerning the postconviction court's second
point about cumulative testimony, this court explained that if the CI had testified that she
did not participate in the first transaction with the officer, then there would be a
reasonable probability that the jury would not have convicted Mr. McLoyd solely on the
testimony of the officer, even though the CI was not present for the second transaction.
Id. Accordingly, this court remanded the case to the postconviction court for an
evidentiary hearing.
Our reasoning in McLoyd rebuts the State's argument that the CI needed
to have been present at the second or third transactions for his or her testimony to be
material. Even if the CI could only testify whether Mr. Wesby was present at the first
transaction, such testimony might have discredited the detective's ability to identify Mr.
Wesby in general. Moreover, we note that in Ground 7b of his motion, Mr. Wesby
alleged that his counsel was ineffective for failing to call Michael Brown as a witness
and that Mr. Brown, had he been called, would have testified that Mr. Wesby was not
"Dino." The postconviction court granted Mr. Wesby an evidentiary hearing on Ground
7b, even though Mr. Brown was only present for the first transaction. If Mr. Brown's
absence from the second and third transactions did not preclude an evidentiary hearing
do not believe this difference is significant to the ultimate question of whether Mr.
Wesby's allegation is conclusively refuted by the record.
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on Ground 7b, then surely the CI's absence from those transactions does not preclude
an evidentiary hearing on Ground 3.
Thus, the State has failed to conclusively refute Mr. Wesby's allegation
that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to move for disclosure of the CI.
Therefore, we reverse the postconviction court's summary denial of Ground 3 and
remand for an evidentiary hearing. See Wilson, 13 So. 3d at 84. In all other respects,
we affirm.
Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded with instructions.
KHOUZAM and SLEET, JJ., Concur.
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