NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
NEAPOLITAN ENTERPRISES, LLC, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D19-4541
)
ALAN FISHMAN, )
)
Appellee. )
)
Opinion filed September 30, 2020.
Appeal pursuant to Fla. R. App. P. 9.130
from the Circuit Court for Collier County;
Lauren L. Brodie, Judge.
Mark D. Tinker of Cole, Scott & Kissane,
P.A., Tampa, for Appellant.
Mark Douthit of Douthit Law, LLC, Miami,
for Appellee.
BLACK, Judge.
Neapolitan Enterprises, LLC, appeals from the order granting Alan
Fishman's motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure
1.540(b)(2) based on newly discovered evidence. Because Mr. Fishman failed to meet
his burden of establishing that despite acting with diligence he was unable to discover
until several months after the jury trial that some of the medical records provided by his
physician to Neapolitan Enterprises pursuant to the nonparty subpoena belonged to
another patient with the same name, we reverse.
A jury found in favor of Neapolitan Enterprises in Mr. Fishman's action for
negligence following his slip-and-fall accident on Neapolitan Enterprise's property, and
the trial court entered the final judgment in favor of Neapolitan Enterprises on March 9,
2019. Mr. Fishman did not move for a new trial or appeal the final judgment. On May
31, 2019, Mr. Fishman filed a request with the lower court clerk to view the trial exhibits.
And then on August 22, 2019, Mr. Fishman filed his rule 1.540 motion. Attached as an
exhibit to the motion was Mr. Fishman's affidavit, dated August 16, 2019. In the
affidavit, Mr. Fishman attested that posttrial—though he did not specify exactly when—
he contacted his physician's office in order to "shed some light" on Neapolitan
Enterprises' allegation at trial that he suffers from Parkinson's disease when, in fact, he
does not. Mr. Fishman's physician advised him that some medical records belonging to
another patient with the same name had been inadvertently provided to Neapolitan
Enterprises and that the other patient has Parkinson's disease. Mr. Fishman asserted
in his rule 1.540 motion that he was entitled to relief from the final judgment based on
newly discovered evidence, claiming that he had not discovered until after the time to
file a direct appeal had expired that some of the medical records provided by his
physician and admitted into evidence at trial belonged to another patient. After
consulting with his physician, Mr. Fishman alleged that he "immediately" contacted the
lower court clerk to obtain the trial exhibits. Mr. Fishman did not indicate, however,
-2-
when he first contacted his physician posttrial, nor did he claim that despite his exercise
of due diligence he was unable to discover until several months after trial that the wrong
medical records had been sent to Neapolitan Enterprises and relied upon at trial.
An evidentiary hearing was held on Mr. Fishman's motion for relief from
judgment. No evidence was presented establishing when Mr. Fishman first contacted
his physician regarding the medical records or explaining why Mr. Fishman had been
unable to learn of the error regarding the records until months after the trial. At the
conclusion of the evidence, Mr. Fishman argued that he had established a claim of
newly discovered evidence because it had not been "brought to [his] attention [until]
after the trial" that some of the medical records relied upon by Neapolitan Enterprises
belonged to another patient. The trial court entered an order granting Mr. Fishman's
motion for relief from judgment based on newly discovered evidence pursuant to rule
1.540(b)(2).1
"We 'review an order granting a [rule 1.540(b)] motion . . . for abuse of
discretion.' " Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC v. Dzidzovic,
249 So. 3d 1265, 1267 (Fla. 2d
DCA 2018) (alteration in original) (quoting State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Statsick,
231 So. 3d 528, 531 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017)). Rule 1.540(b)(2) permits a court to "relieve a
party . . . from a final judgment" based on "newly discovered evidence which by
diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial or rehearing."
1Wenote that Mr. Fishman also asserted in his motion in a rather cursory
fashion that he was entitled to relief from the final judgment based on mistake, see Fla.
R. Civ. P. 1.540(b)(1), because Neapolitan Enterprises "mistakenly presented evidence
to the jury which belonged to another patient under the care of the same physician." Mr.
Fishman did not, however, argue at the evidentiary hearing that he was entitled to relief
based on mistake and instead presented argument only pertaining to his contention that
the issue with regard to the medical records constituted newly discovered evidence.
-3-
Importantly, the movant bears the burden of establishing that he exercised due
diligence. See Casteel v. Maddalena,
109 So. 3d 1252, 1258 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013) ("[T]o
obtain relief from judgment based on newly discovered evidence, the movant must
demonstrate that []he could not have discovered the evidence through due diligence
within the time to move for rehearing or a new trial.").
Mr. Fishman did not assert or establish that despite exercising diligence
he was unable to discover the error regarding the medical records until months after
trial. Rather, he merely attested in his affidavit that he did not learn of the error until
after the trial and argued at the evidentiary hearing that the evidence "was brought to
[his] attention after the trial." This hardly constitutes diligence or vigilance as required
by the law. See King v. Harrington, 411 So. 2d 912, 915 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982) ("It is the
movant's burden to establish the exercise of due diligence. It is not sufficient to merely
show that the evidence was not discovered or known to counsel until after trial.");
Cleveland v. Crown Fin., LLC, 212 So. 3d 1065, 1069 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017) ("It is the
movant's burden under rule 1.540(b) to establish the exercise of due diligence. It is not
sufficient to merely show that the evidence was not known or discovered by counsel
prior to trial. Rather, the movant must make his or her vigilance apparent." (quoting
Brown v. McMillian, 737 So. 2d 570, 571 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999))); Schlapper v. Maurer,
687 So. 2d 982, 984 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997) (holding that because the movant did not act
with diligence the evidence at issue did not constitute newly discovered evidence that
would permit the trial court to set aside the final judgment pursuant to rule 1.540(b)(2)).
"Relief from judgment based on a newly discovered evidence claim should
be seldom granted and only when the party seeking relief has exercised due diligence."
-4-
Cleveland, 212 So. 3d at 1069 (quoting Hooks v. Quaintance,
71 So. 3d 908, 911 (Fla.
1st DCA 2011)). Because Mr. Fishman failed to establish that he exercised due
diligence in discovering the error with regard to the medical records, the trial court
abused its discretion in granting his motion for relief from the final judgment. Therefore,
we reverse the order granting relief from the final judgment and remand for the trial
court to reinstate the final judgment. See Belk v. McKaveney,
903 So. 2d 337, 338 (Fla.
2d DCA 2005).
Reversed and remanded.
CASANUEVA and SILBERMAN, JJ., Concur.
-5-
