DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
DAVID L. MALLORY and PAULINE MALLORY,
Appellants,
v.
ROBERT BRINCKERHOFF, individually, and
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC,
Appellees.
No. 4D21-405
[March 3, 2021]
Appeal of a nonfinal order from the County Court for the Fifteenth
Judicial Circuit, Palm Beach County; Edward A. Garrison, Judge; L.T.
Case Nos. 50-2019-CC-016917-XXXX-MB and 50-2020-AP-000068-
CAXX-MB.
Benjamin Hillard and Amy Cuykendall Jones of Hillard Cuykendall,
P.A., Largo, for appellants.
Neil Baritz and Andrew Thomson of Baritz & Colman LLP, Boca Raton,
for appellee Robert Brinckerhoff.
PER CURIAM.
ON MOTION TO DISMISS
This case reaches this Court in an unusual posture and presents a
jurisdictional question that has arisen in other circuit court appellate
cases recently transferred to this Court. We write to resolve the
jurisdictional question and explain that this Court has nonfinal appeal
jurisdiction over the order at issue under Florida Rule of Appellate
Procedure 9.130.
Legal and Procedural Background
The parties were engaged in small claims litigation in county court. In
June 2020, the county court entered an order granting defendant
Brinckerhoff’s Motion to Compel Arbitration and Stay Litigation. The court
ordered the parties to complete arbitration and stayed the action until
arbitration was completed.
In July 2020, plaintiffs filed a timely notice seeking to appeal the order
to the circuit court.
In October 2020, defendant moved to dismiss the appeal, explaining
that the order was nonfinal and arguing that the circuit court lacked
jurisdiction to hear the appeal under Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure
9.130. Plaintiffs responded and argued that the order was final because
the trial court entered a separate order directing the clerk to close the file
because “[t]here are currently no motions or issues requiring judicial
action.”
The appellate jurisdiction of the circuit courts to review nonfinal orders
is governed by general law as enacted by the Legislature—not by rule
9.130. Blore v. Fierro,
636 So. 2d 1329, 1331 (Fla. 1994); see Art. V, §
5(b), Fla. Const. (“The circuit courts shall have . . . jurisdiction of appeals
when provided by general law”); see also Fla. R. App. P. 9.130(a)(1) (“This
rule applies to appeals to the district courts of appeal of the nonfinal orders
authorized herein and to appeals to the circuit court of nonfinal orders
when provided by general law.”) (emphasis supplied).
This Court has held that “[t]he Circuit Courts do not have any general
jurisdiction under the appellate rules to review non-final orders.” Shell v.
Foulkes,
19 So. 3d 438, 440 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009); see also 911 Dry Sols.,
Inc. v. Fla. Family Ins. Co.,
259 So. 3d 167, 169 (Fla. 3d DCA 2018)
(concluding that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to hear an appeal
from a nonfinal order under rule 9.130).
Thus, when the order compelling arbitration was entered and the notice
of appeal was filed, rule 9.130 could not provide the circuit court with
jurisdiction to hear the appeal.
Effective January 1, 2021, the Legislature removed language in the
statute that had generally provided circuit courts with appellate
jurisdiction over county court orders. The language was changed as
follows:
26.012 Jurisdiction of circuit court.—
(1) Circuit courts shall have jurisdiction of appeals from
county courts except:
2
(a) Appeals of county court orders or judgments where the
amount in controversy is greater than $15,000. This
paragraph is repealed on January 1, 2023.
(b) Appeals of county court orders or judgments declaring
invalid a state statute or a provision of the State Constitution.
(c) Orders or judgments of a county court which are certified
by the county court to the district court of appeal to be of great
public importance and which are accepted by the district
court of appeal for review. Circuit courts shall have
jurisdiction of appeals from final administrative orders of local
government code enforcement boards. and of reviews and
appeals as otherwise expressly provided by law.
Ch. 20-61, § 3, Laws of Fla. 1
On January 19, 2021, the circuit court transferred the appellate case
at issue to this court following the directions of the Chief Justice of the
Florida Supreme Court. 2
1 Importantly, after the change, the circuit courts retain appellate jurisdiction
over certain types of cases under statutes that were not amended. The Office of
the State Courts Administrator has published an excellent summary of the
change and a non-comprehensive chart listing some of the case types that will
continue to be within the circuit court’s appellate jurisdiction. Office of the State
Courts Administrator, Know Your Court: Changes to County Court Appeals
(effective January 1, 2021), https://www.flcourts.org/Know-Your-Court (last
visited February 18, 2021).
2 On October 2, 2020, the Chief Justice sent a memo to the chief judges of the
circuit courts and the district courts of appeals. The memo explained that,
because the chapter law above did not contain a “savings clause” to preserve
circuit court jurisdiction to hear pending appellate cases, those appeals that
remained pending after the January 1, 2021 effective date would be transferred
to the appropriate district court of appeal. Footnote 2 of the Chief Justice’s memo
provides:
See State ex rel. Arnold v. Revels,
109 So. 2d 1, 3 (Fla. 1959) (holding
that “when the jurisdiction of a court depends upon a statute which
is repealed or otherwise nullified, the jurisdiction falls even over
pending causes, unless the repealing statute contains a saving
clause.”); Fla. R. App. P. 9.040(b)(1) (stating “If a proceeding is
commenced in an inappropriate court, that court shall transfer the
cause to an appropriate court.”).
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The motion to dismiss at issue remained pending when this Court
received the transferred case.
Discussion
The order at issue is nonfinal. The test for whether an order is final is
whether further judicial labor is required or contemplated. See GEICO Fin.
Servs., Inc. v. Kramer,
575 So. 2d 1345, 1346 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991).
Although the court file was administratively closed, the county court
merely “stayed” the action and further judicial labor — such as
confirmation of an arbitration award and entry of a final judgment — was
contemplated.
The county court’s nonfinal order determines entitlement to arbitration
and is now appealable to a district court of appeal under rule
9.130(a)(3)(C)(iv). Art. V, § 4(b)(1), Fla. Const. (providing district courts of
appeal with jurisdiction to “review interlocutory orders in such cases to
the extent provided by rules adopted by the supreme court”).
We conclude that the statutory change, and transfer of this pending
case, permit this Court to review the order under our existing authority to
hear nonfinal appeals as provided in rule 9.130. In other words, rule
9.130, which was in place when the change took effect, applies to pending
circuit court appellate cases that were transferred to this Court.
This Court has jurisdiction to hear the appeal from the nonfinal order
compelling arbitration in this case, and the motion to dismiss is denied.
Motion to dismiss appeal denied.
WARNER, DAMOORGIAN and FORST, JJ., concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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