City of Jackson, Mississippi v. United Water Services, Inc. ( 2009 )


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  •                     IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
    NO. 2009-SA-01105-SCT
    CITY OF JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI AND JACKSON
    WATER PARTNERSHIP
    v.
    UNITED WATER SERVICES, INC. AND UNITED
    WATER SERVICES OF MISSISSIPPI, LLC
    DATE OF JUDGMENT:                         04/09/2009
    TRIAL JUDGE:                              HON. W. SWAN YERGER
    COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:                 PIETER JOHN TEEUWISSEN
    JAMES A. PEDEN, JR.
    LARA E. GILL
    DALE DANKS, JR.
    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:                  ROBERT L. GIBBS
    KATIE LOFTON WALLACE
    NATURE OF THE CASE:                       CIVIL - OTHER
    DISPOSITION:                              AFFIRMED - 11/18/2010
    MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
    MANDATE ISSUED:
    EN BANC.
    RANDOLPH, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
    ¶1.    Aggrieved by the Jackson City Council’s decision to award a contract to Jackson
    Water Partnership (“JWP”), United Water Services and its affiliate, United Water Services
    of Mississippi, LLC (collectively “UWS”), appealed the City Council’s decision, pursuant
    to Mississippi Code Section 11-51-75 (Rev. 2002), in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial
    District of Hinds County, Mississippi. JWP filed a motion to intervene, which the circuit
    court denied. JWP and the City of Jackson (“City”) timely perfected this appeal of the order
    denying JWP’s motion to intervene. We affirm.
    FACTS
    ¶2.     In March 2008, the City issued a Request for Proposals (“RFP”) for the Operation,
    Maintenance and Management of the Wastewater Facilities. Various vendors, including
    UWS and JWP, submitted proposals on or about May 20, 2008. An “Evaluation of Proposals
    for the Operation, Maintenance and Management of Wastewater Facilities” prepared by the
    City’s Department of Public Works revealed a “pricing comparison” of the three submitted
    bids, as follows: Southwest Water Company – $3,019,170.31; UWS – $2,615,996.05; JWP
    – $4,689,018.13.1 Following multiple special meetings reflected in the bill of exceptions, the
    Jackson City Council, by a four-to-one vote, awarded the contract to JWP on November 10,
    2008.
    ¶3.     Aggrieved by this decision, UWS filed a notice of appeal with the circuit court
    pursuant to Section 11-51-75. UWS claimed that the City, in awarding the wastewater
    contract, had engaged in an unlawfully executed RFP process. JWP moved to intervene in
    the action, to which the City filed a joinder. Thereafter, the circuit court denied JWP’s
    motion to intervene. JWP and the City now appeal.
    1
    These figures were a “5 year Fixed Fee Total (assume 3% per Year).” Contrary to
    the dissent’s assertion that, “[c]ommon sense dictates that the City merely has an interest in
    awarding the contract to the lowest and best bidder[,]” the City Council actually awarded the
    contract to the highest bidder, a bid more than $2 million greater than that of UWS. (Diss.
    Op. at ¶ 38).
    2
    ISSUE
    ¶4.    This Court will consider:
    Whether the circuit court erred in denying JWP’s motion to intervene in the
    underlying appellate proceedings between UWS and the City.
    ANALYSIS
    ¶5.    The right to appeal the City’s action was created by the Legislature. UWS filed the
    appeal pursuant to Section 11-51-75, which provides that “[a]ny person aggrieved by a
    judgment or decision of the board of supervisors, or municipal authorities of a city, town, or
    village, may appeal . . . .” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-51-75 (Rev. 2002) (emphasis added). JWP
    clearly was not “aggrieved,” because it was awarded a contract paying it $2 million more
    than what UWS had bid to perform the same services. The rationale behind permitting only
    the “aggrieved” to appeal is logical. It is not the act or conduct of a prevailing bidder which
    is subject to examination at the appellate level. Rather, the circuit court sitting as an
    appellate court was charged with determining whether the “decision of the board of
    supervisors, or municipal authorities” was arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to applicable law.
    See Falco Lime, Inc. v. Mayor & Aldermen of the City of Vicksburg, 
    836 So. 2d 711
    , 721
    (Miss. 2002); Cooper v. City of Picayune, 
    511 So. 2d 922
    , 923 (Miss. 1987); Miss. Code
    Ann. § 11-51-75 (Rev. 2002). Although the prevailing bidder may be interested, it is not a
    necessary or indispensable party, nor a proper party under the statute granting the right of
    appeal solely to the “aggrieved.” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-51-75 (Rev. 2002). UWS, an
    “aggrieved” party, sought appellate relief. JWP moved to intervene in the appeal, despite the
    absence of a right to appeal or intervene under Section 11-51-75.
    3
    ¶6.    JWP claims its right to intervene arises from Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 24.
    But this Court in Cooper clearly pointed out that “the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure
    . . . apply to trial proceedings only, except where therein expressly provided to the contrary.”
    Cooper, 
    511 So. 2d
     at 923. Moreover, post-Cooper, the Mississippi Rules of Appellate
    Procedure were adopted and now control appeals. See “Order Adopting the Mississippi
    Rules of Appellate Procedure” (“the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure will promote
    the prompt, fair, and efficient administration of justice on appeal . . . . [T]he [Rules] . . . are[]
    adopted as rules governing all proceedings in the Mississippi Supreme Court and the Court
    of Appeals of the State of Mississippi, and the trial courts of this State to the extent provided
    . . . .”) (emphasis added). The Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure clearly and
    unequivocally do not provide for intervention at the appellate level.2
    ¶7.    Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 1 provides that:
    [t]hese rules govern procedure in appeals to the Supreme Court of Mississippi
    and the Court of Appeals of the State of Mississippi, and proceedings on
    2
    This is in contrast to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. See F.R.A.P. 15(d)
    (intervention permitted under Title IV – “Review or Enforcement of an Order of an
    Administrative Agency, Board, Commissioner, or Officer”). This important distinction
    between the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and the Mississippi Rules of Appellate
    Procedure renders State of Texas v. U.S. Department of Energy, 
    754 F.2d 550
     (5th Cir.
    1985), cited by the dissent, distinguishable. See id. at 551 (“Rule 15(d) of the Federal Rules
    of Appellate Procedure governs interventions in administrative appeals such as this one.”).
    Again, the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure do not provide for intervention at the
    appellate level. The remaining federal cases cited by the dissent are plainly distinguishable
    as they each address a federal district court sitting as a trial court, not an appellate court. See
    Ingebretsen v. Jackon Pub. Sch. Dist., 
    864 F. Supp. 1473
     (S.D. Miss. 1994); Bush v.
    Viterna, 
    740 F.2d 350
     (5th Cir. 1984). While each case provides an excellent discussion
    of intervention under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24, ultimately denying intervention
    in both cases, that is not the scenario before this Court. See Ingebretsen, 864 F. Supp. at
    1485; Bush, 740 F. 2d at 358-59.
    4
    petitions for writs or other relief which the Supreme Court or the Court of
    Appeals or a justice of the Supreme Court or judge of the Court of Appeals is
    empowered to grant. When these rules provide for the making of a motion in
    the trial court, the procedure for making such motion shall be in accordance
    with the practice of the trial court.
    M.R.A.P. 1. The Comment to Rule 1 adds that the enumerated:
    [r]ules which provide for the making of a motion in the trial court include
    Rules 4(g), extension of time to appeal; 6, determination of in forma pauperis
    status; 8(b), stay on appeal to be first sought in trial court; and 10(e)[,]
    correction of record on appeal. Trial court practice is governed by the
    Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, Mississippi Rules of Evidence,
    applicable uniform rules, and local rules where adopted pursuant to M.R.C.P.
    83. The term “trial court” in these rules includes a circuit or chancery court
    sitting as an appellate court.
    M.R.A.P. 1 cmt. Based upon this Comment, the dissent maintains that “the Rules of
    Appellate Procedure . . . require the application of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure
    to a circuit court sitting as an appellate court.” (Diss. Op. at ¶ 31). This Court agrees that
    the Rules as enumerated in the Comment can be applicable in an appealed case.3 But
    common sense dictates that the applicability of certain Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure,
    Mississippi Rules of Evidence, uniform rules, and local rules adopted pursuant to Mississippi
    Rule of Civil Procedure 83, will depend upon the nature of the appeal.4 In a trial de novo (for
    example, a direct appeal from justice court or municipal court), the Mississippi Rules of Civil
    Procedure (including Rule 24 on intervention) and the Mississippi Rules of Evidence would
    3
    For instance, Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 31(c) requires the filing of
    “[a]n original and three (3) copies of all briefs . . . .” M.R.A.P. 31(c). But in the context of
    a circuit court sitting as an appellate court, Uniform Circuit and County Court Rule 5.06
    logically requires “only an original and one copy of each brief.” URCCC 5.06.
    4
    Uniform Circuit and County Court Rule 5.01 states, “[e]xcept for cases appealed
    directly from justice court or municipal court, all cases appealed to circuit court shall be on
    the record and not a trial de novo.” URCCC 5.01.
    5
    apply. See URCCC 5.01, 5.07 (“[a]ll proceedings on an appeal de novo will be governed by
    the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, where applicable, the Mississippi Rules of
    Evidence, and these Rules”). But the dissent’s reliance on language from Cooper contained
    in Cummings v. Benderman, 
    681 So. 2d 97
    , 100 (Miss. 1996), does not support intervention
    on appeal in the present case. (Diss. Op. at ¶ 19). Cummings involved a primary election
    contest, which also is a trial de novo. See Miss. Code Ann. § 23-15-931 (Rev. 2007) (“[t]he
    special tribunal . . . shall fully hear the contest or complaint de novo . . . .”).
    ¶8.    Likewise, the dissent’s proposition that “[t]his Court repeatedly has allowed a circuit
    court to proceed de novo in an action appealed under Section 11-51-75 where a board failed
    to conduct a hearing on the matter in issue[,]” is not only delusive, but also altogether
    inapplicable in the present case. (Diss. Op. at ¶ 21) (emphasis added). It is delusive because
    “where no hearing is held, the action does not really proceed under Section 11-51-75 at all[,]”
    and because the proposition from Cook v. Board of Supervisors of Lowndes County, 
    571 So. 2d 932
    , 934 (Miss. 1990), cited by the dissent,5 was later questioned in Falco Lime
    insofar as Cook failed to provide citation to similar cases, “[n]or does our research readily
    yield a list of them.” Falco Lime, 836 So. 2d at 717-18 n.4.
    ¶9.    A de novo appeal under Section 11-51-75 is inapplicable here because sufficient
    “hearing” proceedings were held. The dissent’s argument to the contrary is a red herring,
    distracting focus from the only issue presented on appeal, i.e., intervention. The appellate
    5
    See Cook, 836 So. 2d at 717-18 (stating that it is “one of those cases where a party
    with standing challenges board action on grounds it is ultra vires and where that party is
    entitled to proceed de novo . . . .”) (emphasis added).
    6
    briefs filed herein in no way assert a lack of “hearing” or claim that the trial court erred in
    failing to conduct a de novo trial. JWP’s brief proclaims this certainty, unequivocally stating
    that following the submission of competing proposals:
    there ensued lengthy and complex administrative proceedings, in which the
    City negotiated with both [JWP] and [UWS]. The matter was considered by
    the Jackson City Council on several different occasions. At different times
    during the course of the proceedings, the Director of Public Works, acting for
    the Mayor, made different recommendations as to which of the competing
    entities . . . should be awarded the contract. The details of these involved
    proceedings are beyond the scope of the present appeal, which involves the
    limited issue of intervention. Suffice it to say that at a special meeting held
    on November 10, 2008, the Jackson City Council, by a vote of 4-1, accepted
    the final recommendation of the Public Works Director and of the Mayor to
    award the contract to [JWP].
    (Emphasis added.) UWS argues that its circuit court appeal “alleges . . . that the City acted
    arbitrarily, capriciously, and contrary to law throughout the procurement process and in its
    ultimate decision to deny the award of contract to [UWS].”
    ¶10.   Moreover, this Court has stated that the hearing requirement is “not necessarily one
    according to the form of a trial in a court of law.” Cook, 571 So. 2d at 934. This Court has
    declined:
    to limit the application of Section 11-51-75 to those instances where city or
    county governing boards call in witnesses or interested parties pro and con and
    listen to them express their opinions before reaching a decision. Such a
    limitation would drastically limit the application of Section 11-51-75 and
    would also be inconsistent with our already-cited holding that the statute
    applies to “any act” that aggrieves a party. City and county government does
    not require a straw vote of interested parties whenever an action is proposed,
    however pragmatically desirable such participation may be in some cases.
    Numerous statutes mandate a formal hearing by board or council, but Falco
    has adduced none of these as controlling the present case. On the contrary, we
    have stated that a county board need not “recite all the evidence that appeared
    before them, or . . . set out in full, in their order, all the evidentiary matters
    pertinent to the controversy” in order for its order to be valid. Hall v.
    7
    Franklin County, 
    184 Miss. 77
    , 86, 
    185 So. 591
    , 594 (1939) (holding that
    absence of such evidence in board’s order did not justify circuit court in going
    beyond bill of exceptions).
    Falco Lime, 836 So. 2d at 718-19. See also Malone v. Leake County Bd. of Supervisors,
    
    841 So. 2d 141
    , 144-45 (Miss. 2003) (sufficient evidence of “hearing” through Board
    minutes discussing subject contract, hearing regarding qualifications of bidders, motion to
    award contract, and unanimous vote). The voluminous bill of exceptions presented in this
    case includes, inter alia, the RFP issued by the City, the “Evaluation of Proposals” prepared
    by the City’s Department of Public Works, multiple sets of minutes from special meetings
    of the City Council, an excerpt from the September 18, 2008, special meeting, and the
    November 11, 2008, “Order Authorizing Mayor to Execute Contract with [JWP] for the
    Management of [the City’s] Wastewater Treatment Facilities.” Accordingly, unlike Cook,
    this is not an exceptional case bereft of hearing, “where a party with standing challenges
    board action on grounds it is ultra vires and where that party is entitled to proceed de novo.”
    Cook, 571 So. 2d at 934.
    ¶11.   Regarding appeals under Section 11-51-75:
    the circuit court sits only as an appellate court, and may consider no evidence
    presented outside the bill of exceptions. . . . This has been in place for over
    150 years: “An appeal by bill of exceptions would necessarily confine the
    revising Court to the matters of law arising upon the exceptions.” Yalabusha
    County v. Carbry, 
    11 Miss. 529
    , 548 (1844), overruled on other grounds by
    Dismukes v. Stokes, 
    41 Miss. 430
    , 435 (1867) . . . .
    Falco Lime, 836 So. 2d at 716. The circuit court sitting as an appellate court applies the
    same standard of review “to the Board’s legislative act” as to the “review of administrative
    agency decisions.” Id. at 721. That is, the Board’s action will be reversed only “if it is
    8
    arbitrary and capricious, or is not supported by substantial evidence.” Malone, 841 So. 2d
    at 143. In this context, little beyond Uniform Circuit and County Court Rules 5.02 through
    5.10 applies. See URCCC 5.02 to 5.10. As the present case involves this type of appeal,
    intervention was not an option available to JWP under the Rules.6
    ¶12.   But this is not to say that the participation of additional parties should be barred. As
    Cooper aptly recognized, “[a]ny court of this state sitting as an appellate court has the
    inherent authority to allow additional parties to participate in the appeal upon timely
    application or upon the court’s invitation.” Cooper, 
    511 So. 2d
     at 923. Mississippi Rule of
    Appellate Procedure 29 provides an avenue for persons other than the parties to participate
    in the appellate process via the filing of an amicus curiae brief. See M.R.A.P. 29; Cooper,
    
    511 So. 2d
     at 924 (endorsing participation in the appellate process through filing an amicus
    curiae brief).
    ¶13.   JWP certainly had the right to seek participation at the appellate level by seeking leave
    to file an amicus curiae brief, however, intervention was not an available option. As no
    constitutional provision, statute, or court rule permits intervention, the adoption of the
    Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure effectively supplanted that portion of Cooper’s
    holding which provides, without citation, that “the [c]ircuit [c]ourt, when sitting as a court
    6
    Extending the dissent’s argument on the comprehensive application of the
    Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure to circuit courts sitting as appellate courts, could either
    party here invoke Rule 38 of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure by demanding that a
    jury consider its appeal, or Rules 26-37 seeking depositions and discovery on appeal? See
    M.R.C.P. 26 to 38. See also Falco Lime, 836 So. 2d at 717 (“[b]ecause Falco was required
    to proceed under Section 11-51-75, the circuit court was required to function in its appellate
    role and no discovery or testimony outside the bill of exceptions should have been allowed
    on the Board’s decision to close VKS.”)
    9
    of appeals, has the authority to allow third parties to intervene in the appeal.” Cooper, 
    511 So. 2d
     at 923. If the year was 1910, rather than 2010, this Court might agree with the dissent
    that Gates controls. Likewise, if it was 1987, this Court might agree with former Justice
    Robertson that Cooper was controlled by Gates. See id. But, at present, the Mississippi
    Rules of Appellate Procedure control exclusively.
    ¶14.   The circuit court properly denied JWP’s Motion to Intervene, but that denial should
    have been premised upon the absence of any authority for a circuit court sitting as an
    appellate court to grant JWP’s Motion to Intervene.           “It is well established in our
    jurisprudence that the right result reached for the wrong reason will not be disturbed on
    appeal.” Green v. Cleary Water, Sewer & Fire Dist., 
    17 So. 3d 559
    , 572 (Miss. 2009)
    (citations omitted).
    CONCLUSION
    ¶15.   As no authority existed for JWP to intervene, the circuit court’s denial of JWP’s
    motion to intervene was proper, albeit for the wrong reason. The order of the Circuit Court
    of the First Judicial District of Hinds County is affirmed.
    ¶16.   AFFIRMED.
    WALLER, C.J., CARLSON, P.J., DICKINSON, CHANDLER AND PIERCE,
    JJ., CONCUR. LAMAR, J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY. GRAVES, P.J.,
    DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY KITCHENS, J.
    GRAVES, PRESIDING JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
    ¶17.   Jackson Water Partnership (JWP) had a right to intervene in the circuit court action
    contesting the award of a contract to it by the City of Jackson. Because I would find that the
    circuit court erred in denying JWP’s motion to intervene, I respectfully dissent.
    10
    ¶18.      The majority’s statement that “the adoption of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate
    Procedure effectively supplanted” the applicable portion of Cooper v. City of Picayune, 
    511 So. 2d 922
    , 923 (Miss. 1987), is erroneous. (Maj. Op. at ¶ 13). Specifically, the majority
    states:
    JWP certainly had the right to seek participation at the appellate level
    by seeking leave to file an amicus curiae brief, however, intervention was not
    an available option. As no constitutional provision, statute, or court rule
    permits intervention, the adoption of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate
    Procedure effectively supplanted that portion of Cooper’s holding which
    provides, without citation, that “the [c]ircuit ]c]ourt, when sitting as a court of
    appeals, has the authority to allow third parties to intervene in the appeal.”
    Cooper, 
    511 So. 2d
     at 923. If the year was 1910, rather than 2010, this Court
    might agree with the dissent that Gates controls. Likewise if it was 1987, this
    Court might agree with former Justice Robertson that Cooper was controlled
    by Gates. See id. But, at present, the Mississippi Rules of Appellate
    Procedure control exclusively.
    (Maj. Op. at ¶ 13).
    ¶19.      The Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure were adopted effective January 1, 1995.
    On September 12, 1996, this Court decided Cummings v. Benderman, 
    681 So. 2d 97
     (Miss.
    1996), and said:
    Any court of this State sitting as an appellate court has the inherent
    authority to allow additional parties to participate in the appeal upon timely
    application or upon the court’s invitation. Cooper v. City of Picayune, 
    511 So. 2d
     922, 923 (Miss. 1987). Indeed, there may be occasions when the court
    should decline to act until all necessary parties have been joined. See Gates
    v. Union Naval Stores Co., 
    92 Miss. 227
    , 229, 
    45 So. 979
     (1908).
    Cummings, 681 So. 2d at 100. This Court further said that the “Circuit Court, when sitting
    as a court of appeals, has the authority to allow third parties to intervene in the appeal.” Id.
    at 101. Applying Rule 24 of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, this Court found that:
    11
    It is the opinion of this Court that the State Committee’s interests were not
    adequately represented by Cummings in the election contest, and consequently
    the State Committee should have been allowed to intervene permissively, if
    not by right.
    Id. at 102.
    ¶20.   This Court has clearly applied the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure to appellate
    intervention actions since the effective date of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure.
    As a result, the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure do not “exclusively control,” as the
    majority states. (Maj. Op. at ¶ 13).
    ¶21.   The majority attempts to distinguish Cummings on the basis that it involved a trial de
    novo and by asserting that the matter before this Court does not. However, the majority’s
    attempted distinction is erroneous. This Court repeatedly has allowed a circuit court to
    proceed de novo in an action appealed under Section 11-51-75 where a board failed to
    conduct a hearing on the matter in issue. See Cook v. Bd. of Supervisors of Lowndes
    County, 
    571 So. 2d 932
    , 934 (Miss. 1990) (“This becomes one of those cases where a party
    with standing challenges board action on grounds it is ultra vires and where that party is
    entitled to proceed de novo.”). See also Malone v. Leake County Bd. of Supervisors, 
    841 So. 2d 141
    , 144 (Miss. 2003) (“It is true that where a county fails to hold any kind of hearing,
    a party with standing is entitled to de novo review.”); Falco Lime, Inc. v. Mayor &
    Aldermen of City of Vicksburg, 
    836 So. 2d 711
    , 717-18 (Miss. 2002) (“[E]rgo, where no
    hearing has been held, the circuit court does not sit in its appellate capacity, and that court
    may thus proceed de novo with respect to the evidence it may consider.”); and Newell v.
    Jones County, 
    731 So. 2d 580
    , 582 (Miss. 1999).
    12
    ¶22.   The majority refers to the citation of this authority as “delusive” and states that it is
    “inapplicable in the present case.” (Maj. Op. at ¶ 8). However, the majority’s attempted
    perversion of this authority is erroneous and does not overcome the majority’s inability to
    cite to any portion of the record in the instant case to establish that a hearing was held.
    Further, the majority’s reasoning is contradictory.       First, the majority states that the
    proposition established by this authority is “delusive because ‘where no hearing is held, the
    action does not really proceed under Section 11-51-75 at all [,]’ and because the proposition
    from Cook v. Board of Supervisors of Lowndes County, 
    571 So. 2d 932
    , 934 (Miss. 1990),
    cited by the dissent [footnote omitted] was later questioned in Falco Lime insofar as Cook
    failed to provide citation to similar cases, ‘ [n]or does our research readily yield a list of
    them.’” (Maj. Op. at ¶ 8) (citing Falco, 836 So. 2d at 717-18 n.4). The majority is
    acknowledging that an action does not really proceed under Section 11-51-75 when no
    hearing is held, thus proceeding de novo. But then the majority appears to be claiming that
    there is no authority for proceeding de novo because Cook cited no cases for such a
    proposition. Yet, Falco, on which the majority relies, cites Cook extensively. Falco, 836
    So. 2d at 717-19. Further, this Court did not question Cook in Falco, but merely said:
    The Court labeled the action in Cook “one of those cases where a party with
    standing challenges board action on grounds it is ultra vires and where that
    party is entitled to proceed de novo,” though unfortunately it did not provide
    citations to “those cases.” Id. [n. 4].
    [n. 4]. Nor does our research readily yield a list of them. To the
    extent that the facts surrounding an action are not in dispute, the
    claim that it was ultra vires is reviewed de novo as a matter of
    law, but that is not the same as dispensing with the bill of
    exceptions.
    13
    Id. at 717-18 n.4. Then the majority states that “[a] de novo appeal under Section 11-51-75
    is inapplicable here because sufficient ‘hearing’ proceedings were held.” (Maj. Op. at ¶ 9).
    However, again, the majority is unable to cite any portion of the record in this matter to
    establish that a hearing including JWP and UWS was held, because there was no hearing.
    The majority’s finding that “sufficient ‘hearing’ proceedings were held” based on the
    “voluminous bill of exceptions,” documents prepared by the City, or meetings of the City
    Council is wholly unsupported by the facts. (Maj. Op. at ¶¶ 9, 10).
    ¶23.   The majority’s contention that the position that no hearing was held is a “red herring,
    distracting focus from the only issue presented on appeal, i.e., intervention” is absurd. (Maj.
    Op. at ¶ 9). The majority is correct that the appellate briefs do not assert a “lack of ‘hearing’
    or claim that the trial court erred in failing to conduct a de novo trial.” (Maj. Op. at ¶ 9).
    JWP would first have to be allowed to intervene before the assertion of any claim regarding
    a lack of a hearing on the merits. Further, the issue regarding a de novo standard was raised
    solely by the majority in its attempted distinction of Cummings. (Maj. Op. at ¶ 7). This
    dissenting opinion is being written because I would find that the circuit court erred in
    denying JWP’s motion to intervene. (Diss. Op. at ¶¶ 17, 41).
    ¶24.   The majority is correct that this Court appears to have found that a proper hearing had
    been held in Falco. Falco, 836 So. 2d 718-19. However, the majority fails to acknowledge
    the context of the decision or the facts of that case. Falco was a consolidated appeal of two
    cases. Id. at 713. Specifically, this Court said:
    In the first case, Mayor Robert M. Walker, and aldermen Samuel D. Habeeb
    and Gertrude A. Young of the City of Vicksburg (hereinafter “the Board”)
    appeal the July 7, 1999, judgment of the Warren County Circuit Court, which
    14
    permanently enjoined the Board from closing the Vicksburg Municipal Airport
    (hereinafter “VKS”) . . . . The Board also appeals the circuit court’s entry of
    partial summary judgment against it on December 14, 1998, in which the court
    found that the Board was required to create a “separate corporate authority” .
    . . before it could “act under the Airport Authorities Law” to jointly operate the
    Vicksburg Tallulah Regional Airport (“VTR”) with Warren County and a
    Louisiana city and parish.
    A host of Vicksburg businesses, as shown in the style of this case, and
    for convenience and clarity referred to as “Flasco” after Falco Lime, Inc., the
    party first named therein, filed a cross-appeal. . . .
    The second case consolidated in this appeal is Falco’s own appeal from
    another judgment of the Warren County Circuit Court, dated June 30, 1999,
    which dismissed Falco’s appeal of the Board’s decision to create a municipal
    authority and to appoint two commissioners to that authority
    Falco, 836 So. 2d at 713-14. This Court further noted that:
    The “Falco” parties, all of whom used VKS or otherwise benefitted
    from it, filed a flurry of actions in chancery, circuit and county courts on
    March 6, 1998, seeking to keep VKS open and to recover from the Board in
    their individual capacities all the tax money that the Board had expended on
    VTR, as well as Falco’s reasonable attorney fees and expenses. The circuit
    court considered these claims under Falco’s bill of exceptions (seeking to
    permanently enjoin the closure) as well as under its amended complaint
    (seeking to enjoin the closure and to impose personal liability). The circuit
    court granted a temporary restraining order on March 23, which was converted
    to a preliminary injunction on April 20. In December 1998, it granted partial
    summary judgment against the Board. . . .
    Id. at 714.
    ¶25.   All of the parties on appeal in Falco participated in the action in the trial court. There
    was no issue of a party not being permitted to intervene. Further, the issue raised on appeal
    by the Board and from which the majority here quotes was actually: “Whether Falco’s
    exclusive remedy was by notice of appeal and bill of exceptions as per § 11-51-75, not by a
    suit for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction.” Falco, 836 So. 2d at 715
    (emphasis added). Only the portion quoted by the majority in paragraph 10 actually comes
    15
    from the trial de novo discussion in Falco. Further, that portion quoted by the majority in
    paragraph 10 is actually preceded by a detailed discussion of the Board’s actions in Falco,
    to which this Court then said: “Does this amount to a “hearing” for the purpose of
    determining whether Cook applies? To rule otherwise would be to limit the application of
    § 11-51-75 . . . .” Falco, 836 So. 2d at 718 (emphasis added). Clearly this Court’s
    consideration was limited to the applicable facts of Falco, i.e., the actions of the Board,
    which then raised the very issue being considered on appeal.
    ¶26.     The majority then cites Malone v. Leake County Bd. of Supervisors, 
    841 So. 2d 141
    ,
    144 (Miss. 2003) for the proposition that “sufficient evidence of ‘hearing’ through Board
    minutes discussing subject contract, hearing regarding qualifications of bidders, motion to
    award contract, and unanimous vote.” (Maj. Op. ¶ 10). In Malone, this Court explicitly
    found that the “Board held a hearing on October 16, 2000, regarding the qualifications of
    Malone and Carthage Ambulance Service.” See Malone, 841 So. 2d at 144 (emphasis
    added). There also was no intervention issue in Malone.
    ¶27.     In the instant case, the City merely issued a Request for Proposals, which were
    evaluated by the City of Jackson Department of Public Works. There was no hearing.
    Therefore, a de novo review is proper. See Cook v. Bd. of Supervisors of Lowndes County,
    
    571 So. 2d 932
    , 934 (Miss. 1990); Malone v. Leake County Bd. of Supervisors, 
    841 So. 2d 141
    , 144 (Miss. 2003); Falco Lime, Inc. v. Mayor & Aldermen of City of Vicksburg, 
    836 So. 2d 711
    , 717-18 (Miss. 2002); and Newell v. Jones County, 
    731 So. 2d 580
    , 582 (Miss.
    1999).
    16
    ¶28.   Notwithstanding the applicability of a de novo standard, this Court’s decision in
    Cummings is consistent with the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure.
    ¶29.   The “Order Adopting the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure” does state:
    (1) that the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure in the form attached
    hereto be, and hereby are, adopted as rules governing all proceedings in the
    Mississippi Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals of the State of
    Mississippi, and the trial courts of this State to the extent provided in the Rules.
    ...
    Miss. R. App. P. Order (emphasis added).
    ¶30.   However, Rule 1 specifically states:
    These rules govern procedure in appeals to the Supreme Court of
    Mississippi and the Court of Appeals of the State of Mississippi, and
    proceedings on petitions for writs or other relief which the Supreme Court or
    the Court of Appeals or a justice of the Supreme Court or judge of the Court
    of Appeals is empowered to grant. When these rules provide for the making
    of a motion in the trial court, the procedure for making such motion shall be
    in accordance with the practice of the trial court.
    Miss. R. App. P. 1 (emphasis added). The comment to Rule 1 further clarifies:
    Rules which provide for the making of a motion in the trial court
    include Rules 4(g), extension of time to appeal; 6, determination of in forma
    pauperis status; 8(b), stay on appeal to be first sought in trial court; and 10(e)
    correction of record on appeal. Trial court practice is governed by the
    Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, Mississippi Rules of Evidence,
    applicable uniform rules, and local rules where adopted pursuant to M.R.C.P.
    83. The term “trial court” in these rules includes a circuit or chancery court
    sitting as an appellate court.
    Miss. R. App. P. 1 cmt. (emphasis added).
    ¶31.   The term “trial court” as used in the Rules of Appellate Procedure includes a circuit
    court sitting as an appellate court. Clearly, the Rules of Appellate Procedure also require the
    application of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure to a circuit court sitting as an
    17
    appellate court.   Therefore, the majority’s attempt to exclude the application of the
    Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure is erroneous.
    ¶32.    Moreover, even if the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure did not apply and only the
    Rules of Appellate Procedure were controlling, the majority’s finding still would be
    erroneous. Rule 29 addresses only leave to file an amicus brief and in no way limits relief
    sought from an appellate court through a motion to intervene filed pursuant to Mississippi
    Rule of Appellate Procedure 27. See Miss. R. App. P. 27. Further, this Court has the
    authority to “suspend the requirements or provisions of any of these rules in a particular case
    on application of a party or on its own motion” pursuant to Rule 2. See Miss. R. App. P.
    2(c).
    ¶33.    The holdings in Cummings, Cooper, and Gates v. Union Naval Stores Co., 
    92 Miss. 227
    , 229, 
    45 So. 979
     (1908), also are supported by other authority, which the majority
    attempts to distinguish by virtue of an intervention provision in the Federal Rules of
    Appellate Procedure. (Maj. Op. at n. 2). However, the majority’s attempted distinction fails
    because, as set out previously herein, this Court has found that the intervention provision of
    the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure is clearly applicable in post-Mississippi Rules of
    Appellate Procedure matters.
    ¶34.    The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has said that either
    intervention or amicus curiae status is an available option. In Bush v. Viterna, 
    740 F.2d 350
    , 359 (5th Cir. 1984), the Fifth Circuit Court found intervention by right was not
    appropriate because the intervenor’s interests were adequately represented by an existing
    party. However, with regard to permissive intervention, the court said, in relevant part:
    18
    In acting on a request for permissive intervention, it is proper for the
    court to consider the fact that the Association has been granted amicus curiae
    status in this case. [Citation omitted]. Indeed, this seems to be the very type
    of case envisioned by Judge Wyzanski in Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Co. v.
    Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Inc., 
    51 F. Supp. 972
    , 973 (D. Mass. 1943),
    when he stated:
    It is easy enough to see what are the arguments against
    intervention where, as here, the intervenor merely underlines
    issues of law already raised by the primary parties. Additional
    parties always take additional time. Even if they have no
    witnesses of their own, they are the source of additional
    questions, briefs, arguments, motions and the like which tend to
    make the proceeding a Donnybrook Fair. Where he presents no
    new questions, a third party can contribute usually most
    effectively and always most expeditiously by a brief amicus
    curiae and not by intervention.
    We believe that, in a case such as this, the position of amicus, which the
    Association already possesses, is more appropriate than an intervention with
    full-party status.
    In sum, as to permissive intervention, we do not find any extraordinary
    circumstances in this case as would justify our determining that the district
    court clearly abused its discretion. We accordingly dismiss this portion of the
    appeal.
    Id. at 359.
    ¶35.   In State of Texas v. U.S. Dep’t of Energy, 
    754 F.2d 550
     (5th Cir. 1985), the Fifth
    Circuit found that appellate intervention was not appropriate “because the utilities have no
    claim or defense involving common questions of law or fact with those in the ongoing
    proceeding as required by the rule.” Id. at 553. However, the court further found as follows:
    The utilities may seek to present their views as amicus curiae, and leave to do
    so is here granted. As this court noted in Bush v. Viterna, 
    740 F.2d 350
    , 359
    (5th Cir. 1984), “when he presents no new questions, a third party can
    contribute usually most effectively and always most expeditiously by a brief
    amicus curiae and not by intervention.”
    19
    State of Texas v. U.S. Dep’t of Energy, 754 F. 2d at 553. See also Ingebretsen v. Jackson
    Public Sch. Dist., 
    864 F. Supp. 1473
    , 1484-85 (S.D. Miss. 1994).
    ¶36.   Therefore, it is appropriate to consider whether JWP should be allowed to intervene
    by right or by permission.
    ¶37.   JWP’s application was timely. JWP was awarded the contract at issue and clearly has
    “an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the appeal.”
    Cooper, 
    511 So. 2d
     at 923. JWP is further “so situated that disposition of the appeal may as
    a practical matter impair or impede his ability to protect his interest.” Id. The sole issue to
    be resolved is whether “the party’s interest is adequately represented by the existing party.”
    Id.
    ¶38.   JWP has an interest that is not adequately protected by the City. While the City of
    Jackson and JWP may have overlapping interests, they also clearly have separate interests.
    Common sense dictates that the City merely has an interest in awarding the contract to the
    lowest and best bidder and ensuring the fulfillment of the contract by whoever that bidder
    may be. JWP has proprietary and financial interests in being awarded the contract. Further,
    the majority fails to explain the appropriate course of action JWP would need to take if
    United Water Services should prevail in its underlying action. Presumably JWP would then
    need to file a separate lawsuit challenging the award of the contract to United Water
    Services. In any event, JWP would be placed at a substantial disadvantage in protecting its
    legitimate interests if not allowed to participate in these proceedings regarding its contract.
    ¶39.   This Court in Madison HMA, Inc. v. St. Dominic-Jackson Mem’l Hosp., 
    35 So. 3d 1209
    , 1215 (Miss. 2010), clarified that a trial court has little, if any, discretion in such an
    20
    action, and then reversed a chancellor’s denial of a motion to intervene by a second
    prospective buyer in an action by a first prospective buyer to enforce a purchase agreement.
    Madison HMA, 35 So. 3d at 1214. Yet here, the majority finds that an actual party to a
    contract should not be allowed to intervene. Those results are inconsistent. If the putative
    intervenor in Madison HMA was allowed to intervene in a case where it had no contract and
    no award of a bid, then surely the putative intervenor in this case should be allowed to
    intervene as a matter of right. Unlike the putative intervenor in Madison HMA, JWP has a
    demonstrable and genuine “interest related to the property or transaction.” Based on the
    record in this matter, I would find that the requirements necessary to establish intervention
    of right have been met and that the circuit court decision to deny the motion to intervene
    must be reversed.
    ¶40.   However, even if JWP did not meet the requirements for intervention by right, it
    should not be excluded from the action involving a contract which it was awarded. Under
    the authority cited herein, it should be allowed permissive intervention or, at the very least,
    be granted amicus curiae status.
    ¶41.   Because I would find that the requirements necessary to establish intervention of right
    have been met, I would reverse the judgment of the circuit court. Therefore, I respectfully
    dissent.
    KITCHENS, J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
    21