Toye v. State ( 2020 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 47344
RORIQUE JAMES TOYE, )
) Filed: September 28, 2020
Petitioner-Appellant, )
) Melanie Gagnepain, Clerk
v. )
) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
STATE OF IDAHO, ) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
Respondent. )
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada
County. Hon. Richard D. Greenwood; Hon. Patrick J. Miller, District Judges.
Order summarily dismissing petition for post-conviction relief, affirmed.
Eric D. Fredericksen, State Appellate Public Defender; Ben P. McGreevy, Deputy
Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Jeff Nye, Deputy Attorney
General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
BRAILSFORD, Judge
Rorique James Toye appeals from the district court’s order summarily dismissing his
petition for post-conviction relief. We affirm.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
After Toye fathered two children with his teenage daughter, the State charged Toye with
two counts of lewd conduct with a minor under sixteen, Idaho Code § 18-1508, and two counts
of sexual battery of a minor under sixteen or seventeen, I.C. § 18-1508A. A jury convicted Toye
on all counts, and the district court imposed a unified sentence of thirty years, with thirteen years
determinate.
Proceeding pro se, Toye filed a petition for post-conviction relief, was appointed counsel,
and then filed an amended petition. As relevant to this appeal, Toye alleged in his amended
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petition that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to adequately convey and explain the
State’s plea agreement offers. Toye alleged this deficient performance prejudiced him because
the district court “would have considered a lesser sentence” if he had pled guilty:
[Toye] was prejudiced by proceeding to trial, against his wishes, rather than
pleading guilty, accepting responsibility for his offense, and saving valuable
judicial resources. [Had] he done so, the Court would have taken some mercy on
him and considered a lesser sentence, rather than the thirty-year sentence he
received.
In response, the State filed a motion for summary dismissal of all Toye’s claims. At the
conclusion of the hearing on the State’s motion, the district court granted the motion. Regarding
Toye’s claim that his counsel failed to adequately convey and explain the State’s plea agreement
offers, the court ruled that Toye failed to establish prejudice and explained the court’s sentencing
decision was not based on Toye’s decision to proceed to trial:
I have never--as long as I am ever functioning as a judge, will never hold it
against someone at sentencing the fact that they chose to go to trial and hold the
State to its burden. That is a flat right of every citizen--or not every citizen--every
inhabitant, everyone accused of a crime in this country. And so [Toye’s] apparent
concern that the Court would view it as a waste of judicial resources and make it
more difficult for him at sentencing just isn’t there.
Thereafter, the district court entered a written order summarily dismissing Toye’s amended
petition.1 Toye timely appeals.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
A petition for post-conviction relief initiates a proceeding that is civil in nature.
I.C. § 19-4907; Rhoades v. State, 148 Idaho 247, 249, 220 P.3d 1066, 1068 (2009); State v.
Bearshield, 104 Idaho 676, 678, 662 P.2d 548, 550 (1983); Murray v. State, 121 Idaho 918, 921,
828 P.2d 1323, 1326 (Ct. App. 1992). Like a plaintiff in a civil action, the petitioner must prove
by a preponderance of evidence the allegations upon which the request for post-conviction relief
is based. Goodwin v. State, 138 Idaho 269, 271, 61 P.3d 626, 628 (Ct. App. 2002). A petition
for post-conviction relief differs from a complaint in an ordinary civil action. Dunlap v. State,
141 Idaho 50, 56, 106 P.3d 376, 382 (2004). A petition must contain much more than a short
and plain statement of the claim that would suffice for a complaint under I.R.C.P. 8(a)(1).
1
The Honorable Richard D. Greenwood presided over the hearing on the State’s motion
for summary dismissal and granted that motion during the hearing. Thereafter, the Honorable
Patrick J. Miller entered a written order reiterating the dismissal of Toye’s amended petition.
2
Rather, a petition for post-conviction relief must be verified with respect to facts within the
personal knowledge of the petitioner, and affidavits, records, or other evidence supporting its
allegations must be attached or the petition must state why such supporting evidence is not
included with the petition. I.C. § 19-4903. In other words, the petition must present or be
accompanied by admissible evidence supporting its allegations, or the petition will be subject to
dismissal. Wolf v. State, 152 Idaho 64, 67, 266 P.3d 1169, 1172 (Ct. App. 2011).
Idaho Code Section 19-4906 authorizes summary dismissal of a petition for post-
conviction relief, either pursuant to a motion by a party or upon the court’s own initiative, if it
appears from the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions and
agreements of fact, together with any affidavits submitted, that there is no genuine issue of
material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. When considering
summary dismissal, the district court must construe disputed facts in the petitioner’s favor, but
the court is not required to accept either the petitioner’s mere conclusory allegations,
unsupported by admissible evidence, or the petitioner’s conclusions of law. Roman v. State, 125
Idaho 644, 647, 873 P.2d 898, 901 (Ct. App. 1994); Baruth v. Gardner, 110 Idaho 156, 159, 715
P.2d 369, 372 (Ct. App. 1986). Moreover, the district court, as the trier of fact, is not constrained
to draw inferences in favor of the party opposing the motion for summary disposition; rather, the
district court is free to arrive at the most probable inferences to be drawn from uncontroverted
evidence. Hayes v. State, 146 Idaho 353, 355, 195 P.3d 712, 714 (Ct. App. 2008). Such
inferences will not be disturbed on appeal if the uncontroverted evidence is sufficient to justify
them. Id.
Claims may be summarily dismissed if the petitioner’s allegations are clearly disproven
by the record of the criminal proceedings, if the petitioner has not presented evidence making a
prima facie case as to each essential element of the claims, or if the petitioner’s allegations do
not justify relief as a matter of law. Kelly v. State, 149 Idaho 517, 521, 236 P.3d 1277, 1281
(2010); DeRushé v. State, 146 Idaho 599, 603, 200 P.3d 1148, 1152 (2009). Thus, summary
dismissal of a claim for post-conviction relief is appropriate when the court can conclude, as a
matter of law, that the petitioner is not entitled to relief even with all disputed facts construed in
the petitioner’s favor. For this reason, summary dismissal of a post-conviction petition may be
appropriate even when the State does not controvert the petitioner’s evidence. See Roman, 125
Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at 901.
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On appeal from an order of summary dismissal, we apply the same standards utilized by
the trial courts and examine whether the petitioner’s admissible evidence asserts facts which, if
true, would entitle the petitioner to relief. Ridgley v. State, 148 Idaho 671, 675, 227 P.3d 925,
929 (2010); Sheahan, 146 Idaho at 104, 190 P.3d at 923. Over questions of law, we exercise free
review. Rhoades, 148 Idaho at 250, 220 P.3d at 1069; Downing v. State, 136 Idaho 367, 370, 33
P.3d 841, 844 (Ct. App. 2001).
III.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Toye challenges only the district court’s dismissal of his claim that his trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to adequately convey and explain the State’s plea agreement
offers. A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel may properly be brought under the Uniform
Post-Conviction Procedure Act. Barcella v. State, 148 Idaho 469, 477, 224 P.3d 536, 544 (Ct.
App. 2009). To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the petitioner must show
that the attorney’s performance was deficient and that the petitioner was prejudiced by the
deficiency. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984); Self v. State, 145 Idaho 578,
580, 181 P.3d 504, 506 (Ct. App. 2007). To establish a deficiency, the petitioner has the burden
of showing that the attorney’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.
Aragon v. State, 114 Idaho 758, 760, 760 P.2d 1174, 1176 (1988); Knutsen v. State, 144 Idaho
433, 442, 163 P.3d 222, 231 (Ct. App. 2007). To establish prejudice, the petitioner must show a
reasonable probability that, but for the attorney’s deficient performance, the outcome of the trial
would have been different. Aragon, 114 Idaho at 761, 760 P.2d at 1177; Knutsen, 144 Idaho at
442, 163 P.3d at 231.
Toye’s specific challenge on appeal is that the district court improperly “took judicial
notice of its personal recollection of the prior trial proceedings, without obtaining transcripts of
the proceedings referenced.” In support of this challenge, Toye references the court’s statement
during the hearing on the State’s motion to dismiss that the evidence against Toye was
“overwhelming”:
In terms of the trial, the evidence at trial was overwhelming. [The State’s
counsel] has accurately stated the nature of the record at trial, and, I guess, to
some extent I am taking judicial notice of that even though I didn’t announce that
to begin with. But because I was there at the trial, the record of the trial clearly
showed, if one transcribes it, that the victim testified as to the conduct, [Toye] had
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admitted to the conduct, the DNA tests on the child, all of that showed that the
outcome of the trial was really never in doubt.
Toye relies on Matthews v. State, 122 Idaho 801, 839 P.2d 1215 (1992), to assert the
district court erred by judicially noticing its personal recollection of the trial proceedings. In
Matthews, the petitioner alleged claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. Id. at 807, 839 P.2d
at 1221. After issuing a notice of intent to dismiss the petition, the district court entered an order
of dismissal. Id. at 803, 839 P.2d at 1217. In support, the court took judicial notice of “the
proceedings which took place before it” to determine that “the case was vigorously defended,”
“the issues appropriate for consideration were raised,” and the petitioner “received competent
representation at trial.” Id. at 807, 839 P.2d at 1221. The petitioner appealed this ruling, among
other things.
On appeal, the Idaho Supreme Court noted the “record” the trial court relied on consisted
only of its judicial notice of the trial proceedings over which the court had presided. Id. The
Court held that trial courts may not take judicial notice of recollected testimony from a prior
proceeding without obtaining the portion of the transcript necessary to determine no material
issue of fact exists for an evidentiary hearing. Id. at 808, 839 P.2d at 1222. The Court noted the
transcript’s absence in that case was “particularly troublesome” because the petitioner filed his
petition nine years after his prosecution and the trial judge’s memory may have been “blurred by
the passage of time and the continuous parade of criminal trials over which the judge presided.”
Id. Further, the Court reasoned that “judicial notice of prior reported but not transcribed
testimony cannot be allowed because conclusions drawn from that source are incapable of being
reviewed by an appellate court.” Id.2
Toye is correct that the district court in this case violated the rule in Matthews by taking
judicial notice “of its personal recollection of the trial proceedings in the underlying case”
without obtaining a transcript of those proceedings. (Emphasis added.) Nevertheless, that error
2
Toye also relies on Navarro v. Yonkers, 144 Idaho 882, 173 P.3d 1141 (2007), which,
like Matthews, ruled that:
A judge may take judicial notice of personal recollection of prior proceedings to
the extent that the judge recalls what occurred. However, the previous hearing
must be transcribed so that any alleged error in such judicial notice is subject to
appellate review.
Navarro, 1440 Idaho at 887, 173 P.3d at 1146 (citing Matthews, 122 Idaho at 808, 839 P.2d at
1222).
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has no bearing on the issue Toye has raised on appeal. At issue on appeal is not the court’s
personal recollection of the sufficiency of evidence during trial. Rather, whether Toye
established a genuine issue of material fact that his counsel’s deficient pretrial performance
prejudiced him during sentencing is the issue Toye has raised on appeal.
In order to prove prejudice, Toye had the burden to show that, but for his trial counsel’s
failure to adequately convey and explain the State’s plea agreement offers, Toye would have
pled guilty, and as a result, “the district court would have considered a lesser sentence.” The
district court, however, emphatically stated it did not base Toye’s sentence on his decision not to
plead guilty and to proceed to trial instead. This statement was not judicial notice of any
untranscribed testimony from Toye’s sentencing or other proceedings. Rather, the statement was
simply the court’s acknowledgement of Toye’s right to a jury trial and the court’s obligation not
to penalize him at sentencing for exercising that right.
Toye cannot establish that the district court’s recollection that the trial evidence against
him was “overwhelming” means, as he alleges, that the court did not “consider a lesser sentence”
at sentencing. Further, to the extent the court relied on the details of Toye’s crime for sentencing
purposes, those facts were contained in the presentence investigation report. Moreover, whether
the court “would have considered a lesser sentence,” as Toye alleges, would not establish
prejudice even if Toye were able to prove this conclusory allegation. A showing of a genuine
material fact of prejudice in this instance would require both that the court would have
considered a lesser sentence and that it would have actually imposed a lesser sentence. Toye did
not make this showing.
IV.
CONCLUSION
Toye failed to establish a genuine issue of material fact that his counsel’s alleged
ineffective assistance prejudiced him. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s summary
dismissal of Toye’s amended petition for post-conviction relief.
Chief Judge HUSKEY and Judge LORELLO CONCUR.
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