State v. Walker ( 2023 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 49407
STATE OF IDAHO, )
) Filed: April 13, 2023
Plaintiff-Respondent, )
) Melanie Gagnepain, Clerk
v. )
) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
MICHAEL JASON WALKER, ) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
Defendant-Appellant. )
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada
County. Hon. Michael J. Reardon, District Judge.
Judgment of conviction for possession of a controlled substance, affirmed.
Eric D. Fredericksen, State Appellate Public Defender; Kimberly A. Coster, Deputy
Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Raúl Labrador, Attorney General; Kacey L. Jones, Deputy Attorney General,
Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
HUSKEY, Judge
Michael Jason Walker appeals from his conviction for felony possession of a controlled
substance pursuant to Idaho Code § 37-2732(c). Walker argues the district court abused its
discretion by denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. A guilty plea may be withdrawn
prior to sentencing if the defendant establishes a “just reason” and the withdrawal does not
prejudice the State. Walker failed to establish a “just reason” to withdraw his guilty plea; thus, the
district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Walker’s withdrawal of his guilty plea.
Walker’s judgment of conviction is affirmed.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Following an incident where police arrested Walker, Walker was charged with:
(1) unlawful possession of a controlled substance, felony, I.C. § 37-2732(c); (2) possession of drug
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paraphernalia, I.C. § 37-2734A; (3) using or being under the influence of a controlled substance,
I.C. § 49-142; and (4) resisting and or obstructing an officer, I.C. § 18-705.
In exchange for Walker’s guilty plea to the felony possession of a controlled substance
charge, the State agreed to dismiss the remaining charges and recommend a unified sentence of
seven years, with two years determinate, and to recommend the district court place Walker on
probation. At the guilty plea hearing, the court engaged Walker in an extensive colloquy. The
district court accepted Walker’s guilty plea to unlawful possession of a controlled substance.
Approximately two months later, after Walker had been interviewed by the presentence
investigator but prior to sentencing, Walker moved the court to withdraw his guilty plea. To
support his motion, Walker asserted he believed that by pleading guilty, he would be released from
jail and he “didn’t fully understand the procedure of pleading guilty and that he would no longer
have an opportunity to contest the state’s case against him.” The court found Walker had
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily pleaded guilty and Walker did not present a “just reason”
for withdrawing his guilty plea. The court denied Walker’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea and
sentenced him to a unified sentence of seven years, with two years determinate, and retained
jurisdiction. The remaining charges were dismissed pursuant to the plea agreement.
Walker timely appeals.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Whether to grant a motion to withdraw a guilty plea lies in the discretion of the district
court and such discretion should be liberally applied. State v. Freeman, 110 Idaho 117, 121, 714
P.2d 86, 90 (Ct. App. 1986). Appellate review of the denial of a motion to withdraw a plea is
limited to determining whether the district court exercised some judicial discretion as distinguished
from arbitrary action. Id.When a trial court’s discretionary decision is reviewed on appeal, the appellate court
conducts a multi-tiered inquiry to determine whether the lower court: (1) correctly perceived the
issue as one of discretion; (2) acted within the boundaries of such discretion; (3) acted consistently
with any legal standards applicable to the specific choices before it; and (4) reached its decision
by an exercise of reason. State v. Herrera, 164 Idaho 261, 270, 429 P.3d 149, 158 (2018).
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III.
ANALYSIS
Walker argues the district court abused its discretion by denying his motion to withdraw
his guilty plea. Specifically, Walker argues he asserted a “just reason” to withdraw his guilty plea
because he pled guilty without fully understanding the consequences of his guilty plea, and he
incorrectly believed he would be released from jail if he pleaded guilty. Walker further argues a
withdrawal of his guilty plea would not have prejudiced the State. In response, the State argues
Walker did not preserve his argument regarding his “just reason” to withdraw his plea, but even if
he did, the district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Walker’s motion to withdraw
his guilty plea because Walker knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily pleaded guilty and lacked
a “just reason” to withdraw his guilty plea. Additionally, the State argues a showing of prejudice
against the State is not necessary because Walker failed to meet his initial burden of showing a
“just reason” to withdraw his valid guilty plea and, thus, the burden to establish prejudice never
shifted to the State.
Idaho Criminal Rule 33(c) provides the mechanism for a defendant to move to withdraw a
guilty plea prior to sentencing. “[T]he timing of a motion to withdraw a guilty plea is critical to
identifying the governing legal standard.” State v. Sunseri, 165 Idaho 9, 13, 437 P.3d 9, 13 (2018).
If a defendant files a motion to withdraw a guilty plea before sentencing, the motion is subject to
the “just reason” standard, which the district court is encouraged to apply liberally. Id. at 13-14,
437 P.3d at 13-14. Despite the “just reason” standard as not being a particular onerous standard,
there is no automatic right to withdrawing a guilty plea before a sentence is imposed. Id. at 14,
437 P.3d at 14.
The first step in analyzing a motion to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing is to
determine whether the plea was constitutionally valid. Id. A constitutionally valid plea requires
the defendant to enter the plea knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Id. If the plea is
constitutionally valid, the trial court must then determine whether there are any other “just reasons”
for the plea withdrawal. Id. This is a factual determination committed to the trial court’s
discretion, but among other factors the court should consider are:
(1) whether the defendant has credibly asserted his legal innocence; (2) the length
of delay between the entry of the guilty plea and the filing of the motion;
(3) whether the defendant had the assistance of competent counsel at the time of
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the guilty plea; and (4) whether withdrawal of the plea will inconvenience the court
and waste judicial resources.
Id. The defendant’s failure to present and support a plausible reason will dictate against granting
withdrawal, even absent prejudice to the prosecution. State v. Hartsock, 160 Idaho 639, 641, 377
P.3d 1102, 1104 (Ct. App. 2016). Ultimately, “[t]he good faith, credibility, and weight of the
defendant’s assertions in support of his motion to withdraw his plea are matters for the trial court
to decide.” State v. Hanslovan, 147 Idaho 530, 537, 211 P.3d 775, 782 (Ct. App. 2008). Failure
to present and support a plausible reason will dictate against granting withdrawal, even when there
is no prejudice to the State. Id. If the trial court determines the defendant provided a “just reason”
for withdrawal, the burden shifts to the State to show that prejudice would result if the trial court
were to grant the defendant’s motion. Id.We first address the State’s preservation argument. On appeal, Walker argues he showed
a “just reason” for withdrawing his guilty plea because he “understood that, by pleading guilty, he
would be getting out of jail, i.e., he would be granted probation.” Walker further argues that in
this case, “‘getting out of jail’ necessarily means getting a sentence of probation.” The State argues
that Walker’s argument is unpreserved for review because in the district court Walker did not say
he thought he would be getting probation, only that he would be “getting out of jail.”
Generally, issues not raised below may not be considered for the first time on appeal. State
v. Fodge, 121 Idaho 192, 195, 824 P.2d 123, 126 (1992). In his motion to withdraw his guilty
plea, Walker asserted: “Defendant claims that in his mind he understood that by pleading guilty
he was getting out of jail.” For the first time on appeal, Walker argues that “being released from
jail” is the equivalent of being placed on probation at sentencing. Walker argues that “whether
described as ‘getting out of jail’ or being granted ‘probation,’ Mr. Walker’s claim of ‘just reason’
is clearly based on his understanding that ‘by pleading guilty’ he would be granted freedom from
incarceration.”1 However, at the time Walker entered his guilty plea, he did not assert that a term
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Walker posted a surety bond on October 13, 2021, approximately a month before he filed
his motion to withdraw this guilty plea. At the hearing on the motion to withdraw the guilty plea,
Walker’s counsel stated: “Well, Your Honor, this is essentially a buyer’s remorse-type situation.
After he pled guilty and got out in the community, he found me at the jail while I was visiting
another client.” (Emphasis added.) Walker’s argument is unconvincing because the record
indicates that Walker was released from jail prior to the guilty plea withdrawal hearing.
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of the plea agreement was that he would be released from jail pending sentencing. In fact, Walker
explicitly denied there were any additional terms of the plea agreement.
Walker’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea was filed after he had been interviewed by the
presentence investigator, but before he was sentenced. Given the language and timing of the
motion, the basis for the motion could only mean that Walker thought he would be released from
jail after he entered his plea but before he was sentenced. We decline to add the word “probation”
to the motion or read the motion as Walker wishing to withdraw his guilty plea because he might
not be placed on probation at the yet-to-occur sentencing hearing. Because Walker did not raise
the same argument in the district court as he raises on appeal, he has failed to preserve this
argument.
But even if we were to address Walker’s claims on the merits, the district court did not
abuse it’s discretion in denying Walker’s motion. The district court engaged Walker in an
extensive colloquy to ensure Walker was entering a constitutionally valid guilty plea. Walker
completed the guilty plea advisory form with the assistance of counsel and informed the district
court that he had enough time to talk to his attorney, his attorney answered all his questions, and
he was satisfied with counsel’s assistance. Walker and the district court had an extensive
discussion regarding Walker’s understanding of the consequences of entering a guilty plea.
Walker stated he understood the rights set out in the guilty plea advisory form, he understood he
was giving up all the rights and no one had threatened him into entering a guilty plea. Walker said
he was not under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or any other medication that may affect his ability
to understand the guilty plea process or make his decision to plead guilty. Walker informed the
district court that he understood the State’s sentencing recommendation and that the
recommendation was contingent upon the condition that he cooperate with the presentence
investigation. Walker confirmed with the district court that there were no other terms or conditions
of the plea agreement. Walker further acknowledged that he understood the district court was not
bound by the plea agreement, could impose the entire seven-year sentence, and $15,000 fine
without any chance of probation or parole and, if the district court accepted the guilty plea, it would
be too late to change his plea to not guilty. Finally, Walker stated that he understood he was
waiving his rights as indicated on the guilty plea advisory form and the State would not have to
prove his guilt.
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The district court confirmed with Walker’s counsel that Walker understood when counsel
explained the consequences of pleading guilty to Walker. The record establishes that Walker’s
plea was entered knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily and, thus, was constitutionally valid.
We now turn to whether Walker established a “just reason” to withdraw his guilty plea.
Walker argues he established a “just reason” to withdraw his guilty plea because he did not fully
understand the consequences of his guilty plea and he believed that by pleading guilty, he would
be released from jail. Although the district court did not explicitly address each of the non-
exhaustive factors previously outlined, a review of the record shows the court did not abuse its
discretion in denying Walker’s motion. As discussed above, the record is clear that Walker
understood the consequences of entering a guilty plea. Next, nothing in the record indicates that
as a term of the plea agreement, Walker would be released from jail. During the guilty plea
hearing, Walker explicitly indicated there were no additional terms or conditions of the plea
agreement, such as like being released from jail. Thus, the district court correctly concluded
Walker did not establish a “just reason” to withdraw his plea on this basis.
Walker also argues the district court abused its discretion because the State did not argue,
nor was there a finding of prejudice against the State if the guilty plea were withdrawn. However,
Walker entered a constitutionally valid guilty plea and has not presented a “just reason” to
withdraw that plea prior to sentencing so the burden of proof did not shift to the State to establish
prejudice. See Sunseri, 165 Idaho at 14, 437 P.3d at 14. Therefore, we need not address whether
the State established prejudice if the guilty plea were withdrawn.
A review of the record shows the district court explicitly understood the applicable
standards that apply to a motion to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing, considered Walker’s
reasons for seeking withdrawal, assessed the circumstances surrounding the plea entry, and
determined that Walker did not assert a “just reason” in support of his motion. The district court
reached its decision through an exercise of reason. Therefore, the district court did not abuse its
discretion by denying Walker’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
IV.
CONCLUSION
The district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Walker’s motion to withdraw
his guilty plea. Accordingly, Walker’s judgment of conviction is affirmed.
Judge GRATTON and Judge BRAILSFORD CONCUR.
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