In re Priscilla M. CA2/7 ( 2013 )

Filed 11/13/13 In re Priscilla M. CA2/7
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SEVEN
In re PRISCILLA M., a Person Coming B248893
Under the Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. CK55209)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
ANABEL M.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Donna
Levin, Juvenile Court Referee. Affirmed.
Maureen L. Keaney, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
John F. Krattli, County Counsel, James M. Owens, Assistant County Counsel,
Jeanette Cauble, Senior Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
______________
Anabel M. appeals from the juvenile court’s order terminating her parental rights
over her eldest daughter, six-year-old Priscilla M., pursuant to Welfare and Institutions
1
Code section 366.26. Anabel contends the court erred in finding Priscilla adoptable and
in concluding Anabel had not established the parent-child exception to termination of
parental rights contained in section 366.26, subdivision (c)(1)(B)(i). We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
1. The Section 300 Petition
On December 27, 2011 the Los Angeles County Department of Children and
Family Services (Department) filed a section 300 petition alleging Anabel had a long
history of drug abuse and was a current abuser of methamphetamine, making her unable
to care for then four-year-old Priscilla and her siblings, one-year-old Samantha M. and
newborn Vanessa M. The petition also alleged Anabel’s parental rights over her sons,
Angel M., Humberto B. and Anthony M., had been terminated in 2006 and 2007 after
Anthony was born addicted to methamphetamine, the boys had been removed from her
custody and she had failed to reunify with them.
2. The Detention Hearing
At the December 27, 2011 detention hearing the court detained Priscilla and
Samantha and released them to Anabel provided they all reside in the home of the
2
children’s maternal grandmother. The court ordered family preservation services and
Anabel’s participation in weekly random drug testing. Vanessa was released to her father
but removed from his custody in January 2012 and placed with her siblings after her
father tested positive for methamphetamine.
On February 28, 2012 the Department filed an emergency application pursuant to
section 385 requesting the removal of Priscilla and her sisters from Anabel’s custody
after Anabel had failed to appear for six random drug tests and failed to return multiple
1 Statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2 The maternal grandmother adopted Angel, Humberto and Anthony after Anabel’s
parental rights had been terminated.
2
telephone calls from the social worker. The court granted the request, removed the
children from Anabel’s custody and placed them under the temporary care and
supervision of the Department.
3. The Jurisdiction/Disposition Hearing
At an uncontested jurisdiction hearing the court sustained the allegations in an
amended petition, which included a new allegation that Anabel was also a current abuser
of alcohol. The amended petition further alleged Vanessa’s father was a current abuser
of methamphetamine. The court found Priscilla and her sisters were persons described by
section 300, subdivision (b), and declared them dependent children of the court. The
court ordered all three children suitably placed under the supervision of the Department.
The court also ordered family reunification services and monitored visits for Anabel and
3
Vanessa’s father. Anabel was ordered to participate in individual counseling and
random drug testing.
4. The Six-month Review Hearing
In a September 6, 2012 report prepared for the six-month review hearing
(§ 366.21, subd. (e)), the Department recommended the court terminate Anabel’s
reunification services. The Department reported Anabel had not enrolled or participated
in any court-ordered programs and had only submitted to two drug tests in the previous
4
six months, one in which she tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine.
Meanwhile, Priscilla and her siblings had been placed with Mirna L. and Luis L., with
whom they were thriving. Priscilla told social workers she did not want to live with her
3 The court ordered no reunification services for Priscilla’s alleged father or
Samantha’s alleged father as their whereabouts were unknown. (See § 361.5,
subd. (b)(1).)
4 The Department also recommended that Vanessa’s father’s reunification services
be terminated for noncompliance with the case plan, as he, like Anabel, had not enrolled
in any court-ordered programs and had only submitted to two drug tests in the previous
six months.
3
mother and wished to stay with her foster family. Luis and Mirna confirmed to the
Department they wanted and were prepared to adopt all three children.
Anabel objected to the Department’s recommendation to terminate her
reunification services over all three children, and the court continued the matter to
October 24, 2012 for a contested hearing. Anabel failed to appear at the October 24,
2012 hearing. After determining notice had been properly given, the court denied
Anabel’s counsel’s request to continue the hearing. The court terminated reunification
services, identified adoption of the three children (a declared sibling group) as the
permanent plan and set a selection and implementation hearing pursuant to section
366.26 for February 20, 2013, which it later continued to April 24, 2013.
5. The Selection and Implementation Hearing
On April 24, 2013 the court denied without hearing Anabel’s section 388 request,
filed the same date, to modify the court’s October 24, 2012 order. The court then turned
5
to the selection and implementation hearing, found Priscilla and Vanessa were likely to
be adopted and, concluding no exception to termination of parental rights applied,
terminated Anabel’s parental rights.
DISCUSSION
1. Governing Law
Section 366.26 governs the juvenile court’s selection and implementation of a
permanent placement plan for a dependent child. The express purpose of a
section 366.26 hearing is “to provide stable, permanent homes” for dependent children.
(§ 366.26, subd. (b).) Once the court has decided to end parent-child reunification
services, the legislative preference is for adoption. (§ 366.26, subd. (b)(1);
In re Celine R. (2003) 31 Cal.4th 45, 53 [“[I]f the child is adoptable . . . adoption is the
norm. Indeed, the court must order adoption and its necessary consequence, termination
of parental rights, unless one of the specified circumstances provides a compelling reason
5 The court continued the section 366.26 hearing as to Samantha to permit proper
publication notice to her father. Anabel’s appeal is limited to challenging the termination
of her parental rights over Priscilla.
4
for finding that termination of parental rights would be detrimental to the child.”]; see
In re Marilyn H. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 295, 307 [once reunification efforts have been found
unsuccessful, the state has a “compelling” interest in “providing stable, permanent homes
for children who have been removed from parental custody” and the court then must
“concentrate its efforts . . . on the child’s placement and well-being, rather than on a
parent’s challenge to a custody order”].)
Section 366.26 requires the juvenile court to conduct a two-part inquiry at the
selection and implementation hearing. First, it determines whether there is clear and
convincing evidence the child is likely to be adopted within a reasonable time.
(Cynthia D. v. Superior Court (1993) 5 Cal.4th 242, 249-250; In re Tamneisha S. (1997)
58 Cal.App.4th 798, 804.) In making this determination “the juvenile court must focus
on the child, and whether the child’s age, physical condition, and emotional state may
make it difficult to find an adoptive family.” (In re Erik P. (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 395,
400; accord, In re I.W. (2009) 180 Cal.App.4th 1517, 1526.) “Usually, the fact that a
prospective adoptive parent has expressed interest in adopting the minor is evidence that
the minor’s age, physical condition, mental state, and other matters relating to the child
are not likely to dissuade individuals from adopting the minor. In other words, a
prospective adoptive parent’s willingness to adopt generally indicates the minor is likely
to be adopted within a reasonable time either by the prospective adoptive parent or by
some other family.” (In re Sarah M. (1994) 22 Cal.App.4th 1642, 1649-1650; accord, In
re Erik P., at p. 400.)
If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence the child is likely to be
adopted, the statute mandates judicial termination of parental rights unless the parent
opposing termination can demonstrate one of the enumerated statutory exceptions
applies. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(A) & (B); see In re Matthew C. (1993) 6 Cal.4th 386,
392 [when child adoptable and declining to apply one of the statutory exceptions would
not cause detriment to the child, the decision to terminate parental rights is relatively
automatic].) One of the statutory exceptions to termination is contained in section
366.26, subdivision (c)(1)(B)(i), which permits the court to order some other permanent
5
plan if “[t]he parents have maintained regular visitation and contact with the child and the
child would benefit from continuing the relationship.”
2. Standard of Review
The juvenile court’s finding of adoptability is reviewed for substantial evidence.
(See In re Lukas B. (2000) 79 Cal.App.4th 1145, 1154; In re Erik P., supra,
104 Cal.App.4th at p. 400.) A finding the requisite beneficial relationship exists under
section 366.26, subdivision (C)(1)(B)(i), is also reviewed for substantial evidence
(In re K.P. (2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 614, 621-622), while the determination whether the
existence of that relationship constitutes a compelling reason not to terminate parental
rights is reviewed for abuse of discretion (ibid.; In re Bailey J. (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th
1308, 1314-1315). When, as here, the court has found the parent has not satisfied his or
her burden of proving the (c)(1)(B)(i) exception (see In re Derek W. (1999)
73 Cal.App.4th 823, 826 [“parent has the burden to show that the statutory exception
applies”]), our review is limited to determining whether the evidence compels a finding
in favor of the parent as a matter of law. Specifically, as in all cases in addressing a
failure of proof, “‘the question becomes whether the [parent’s] evidence was
(1) “uncontradicted and unimpeached” and (2) “of such a character and weight as to leave
no room for a judicial determination that it was insufficient to support a finding.”’”
(Sonic Manufacturing Technologies, Inc. v. AAE Systems, Inc. (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th
456, 466; see generally Valero v. Board of Retirement of Tulare County Employees’
Retirement Assn. (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 960, 965.)
3. The Juvenile Court’s Finding as to Priscilla’s Adoptability Is Supported by
Substantial Evidence
Anabel contends the juvenile court’s finding of adoptability is not supported by
substantial evidence. Citing evidence that Priscilla was diagnosed on February 20, 2013
with posttraumatic stress disorder, suffers from insomnia, is tearful at night, has been
prescribed Prozac to deal with her condition and was represented by counsel in the
6
6
dependency proceedings who “did not have a firm grasp” of Priscilla’s circumstances,
Anabel characterizes Priscilla as an “emotionally fragile child” who is unlikely to be
adopted.
Contrary to Anabel’s contention, the record is replete with evidence of Priscilla’s
adoptability. Priscilla is a developmentally normal six year old who is doing well in
school and interacting appropriately with her peers and with adults. Although she has
been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder brought on by neglect, Priscilla has
been receiving therapy and her symptoms of depression have significantly decreased.
There is no evidence the neglect that is at the core of her diagnosis was the result of
actions by her prospective adoptive family. To the contrary, she has developed a strong
bond with her foster parents and their adult daughter, and her foster parents have
confirmed they want to adopt Priscilla and her siblings once parental rights have been
terminated.
4. Anabel Failed To Establish the (c)(1)(B)(i) Exception to Termination of
Parental Rights
To satisfy the subdivision (c)(1)(B)(i) exception to termination a parent must
prove he or she has “maintained regular visitation and contact with the child and the child
would benefit from continuing the relationship.” (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) The
“benefit” prong of the exception requires the parent to prove his or her relationship with
the child “‘“promotes the well-being of the child to such a degree as to outweigh the
well-being the child would gain in a permanent home with new, adoptive parents.”’”
(In re Marcelo B. (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 635, 643; accord, In re Amber M. (2002)
103 Cal.App.4th 681, 689; see In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 567, 575 [“the
court balances the strength and quality of the natural parent/child relationship in a
6 Anabel observes that, at the selection and implementation hearing, Priscilla’s
counsel misidentified Priscilla’s brothers as her cousins, telling the court Priscilla enjoyed
visiting with her mother and grandmother because she enjoyed being with her older
“cousins.” Actually, Anabel’s characterization of the boys is also incorrect. Since their
adoption by their maternal grandmother, Angel, Humberto and Anthony are technically
Priscilla’s uncles.
7
tenuous placement against the security and the sense of belonging a new family would
confer”].) A showing the child derives some benefit from the relationship is not a
sufficient ground to depart from the statutory preference for adoption. (See
In re Angel B. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 454, 466 [“[a] biological parent who has failed to
reunify with an adoptable child may not derail an adoption merely by showing the child
would derive some benefit from continuing a relationship maintained during periods of
visitation with the parent”]; In re K.P., supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p. 621.) No matter how
loving and frequent the contact, and notwithstanding the existence of an “‘emotional
bond’” with the child, “‘the parents must show that they occupy “a parental role” in the
child’s life.’” (In re K.P., at p. 621.) Factors to consider include “‘the age of the child,
the portion of the child’s life spent in the parent’s custody, the “positive” or “negative”
effect of interaction between parent and child, and the child’s particular needs.’”
(In re Marcelo B., at p. 643.) “Because a section 366.26 hearing occurs only after the
court has repeatedly found the parent unable to meet the child’s needs, it is only in an
extraordinary case that preservation of the parent’s rights will prevail over the
Legislature’s preference for adoptive placement.” (In re Jasmine D. (2000)
78 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1350; accord, In re C.B. (2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 102, 122; see
In re Celine R., supra, 31 Cal.4th at p. 53 [“[t]he statutory exceptions merely permit the
court, in exceptional circumstances [citation] to choose an option other than the norm,
which remains adoption”].)
Anabel contends she met her burden of establishing the (c)(1)(B)(i) exception to
the termination of parental rights because she had visited Priscilla regularly. In
determining that no exception to termination of parental rights applied, the court
acknowledged Anabel’s regular, albeit monitored, visitation, but correctly explained
supervised visitation alone is insufficient to outweigh the statutory preference for
adoption. (See In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 51 [while day-to-day contact is
not required, it is difficult to demonstrate a beneficial parent/child relationship when
visits remain supervised]; In re Andrea R. (1999) 75 Cal.App.4th 1093, 1109 [parent’s
failure to progress beyond monitored visitation with a child and to fulfill a “meaningful
8
and significant parental role” justifies order terminating parental rights]; In re K.P.,
supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p. 621 [same].)
Significantly, Anabel did not expressly raise the (c)(1)(B)(i) exception at the
selection and implementation hearing nor did she offer any argument, let alone evidence,
as to the benefit to Priscilla of maintaining her parental rights. (See In re Derek W.,
supra, 73 Cal.App.4th 826.) Moreover, the record fully supports the court’s conclusion
the (c)(1)(B)(i) exception to termination did not apply. Priscilla and Anabel’s
parent/child bond prior to Priscilla’s removal had been fairly tenuous; Anabel had been in
jail or prison for a substantial portion of the four years Priscilla had spent in her legal
custody, leaving Anabel under the supervision of her maternal grandmother. Following
Priscilla’s removal, the relationship between her and Anabel remained distant.
According to social workers, Anabel paid more attention to Vanessa during her visits
than to Priscilla or Samantha. Priscilla, who had bonded with her prospective adoptive
family, repeatedly expressed her desire to be adopted by them and not return to Anabel’s
care. Simply stated, Anabel has not come close to demonstrating hers is the
“extraordinary case” where the statutory mandate for adoption should be set aside in
favor of maintaining her parental rights.
DISPOSITION
The October 24, 2012 order terminating Anabel’s parental rights as to Priscilla is
affirmed.
PERLUSS, P. J.
We concur:
WOODS, J.
ZELON, J.
9