Dugniqio Forest v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2017 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any FILED
court except for the purpose of establishing Apr 25 2017, 10:04 am
the defense of res judicata, collateral CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
estoppel, or the law of the case. Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Scott Barnhart Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Brooke Smith Attorney General of Indiana
Keffer Barnhart, LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana Michael Gene Worden
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Dugniqio Forest, April 25, 2017
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
82A04-1609-CR-1980
v. Appeal from the Vanderburgh
Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Robert J. Pigman,
Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
82D03-1501-F2-566
Barnes, Judge.
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Case Summary
[1] Dugniqio Forest appeals his conviction and sentence for Level 4 felony
possession of cocaine. We affirm.
Issues
[2] Forest raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. whether the trial court properly granted the
State’s request for a continuance pursuant
to Indiana Trial Rule 4(D); and
II. whether his eleven-year sentence is
inappropriate.
Facts
[3] In January 2015, Forest was incarcerated in the Vanderburgh County Jail when
16.23 grams of cocaine were discovered in his cell in a box of cheese crackers.
The State charged him with Level 2 felony dealing in cocaine and Level 5
felony trafficking with an inmate. On January 28, 2015, an initial hearing was
held, and Forest requested a speedy trial. A trial date of March 26, 2015, was
set. However, on March 20, 2015, Forest requested a continuance of the trial
because a hold had been placed on him by federal authorities due to pending
federal gun charges. The trial court vacated the March 2015 trial date.
[4] On January 26, 2016, Forest renewed his request for a speedy trial, and the trial
court set the trial date for March 28, 2016. On March 15, 2016, the State filed a
motion requesting DNA samples and fingerprinting from Forest. The State
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also requested a continuance of the trial pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 4(D).
The trial court granted the State’s request over Forest’s objection.1 At an April
15, 2016 hearing, Forest suggested a trial date of June 5, 2016. The trial court,
however, set the trial for May 23, 2016, and Forest did not object. On May 20,
2016, the trial was rescheduled for June 2, 2016. A jury found Forest guilty
only of the lesser-included offense of Level 4 felony possession of cocaine. The
trial court sentenced Forest to eleven years in the Department of Correction to
be served concurrent with his federal sentence. Forest now appeals.
Analysis
I. Criminal Rule 4(D)
[5] Forest argues that the trial court erred by granting the State’s motion for a
continuance pursuant to Indiana Criminal Rule 4(D). Both the U.S. and
Indiana Constitutions protect the right of an accused to a speedy trial. U.S.
Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. 1, § 12. “The speedy-trial right is a
fundamental principle of constitutional law that has been zealously guarded by
our courts.” Cundiff v. State, 967 N.E.2d 1026, 1027 (Ind. 2012) (internal
quotations omitted). Indiana Criminal Rule 4 generally implements the
constitutional right of an accused to a speedy trial and provides:
If any defendant held in jail on an indictment or an affidavit shall
move for an early trial, he shall be discharged if not brought to
trial within seventy (70) calendar days from the date of such
1
We were not provided with a transcript of the March 15, 2016 hearing.
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motion, except where a continuance within said period is had on
his motion, or the delay is otherwise caused by his act, or where
there was not sufficient time to try him during such seventy (70)
calendar days because of the congestion of the court calendar.
Provided, however, that in the last-mentioned circumstance, the
prosecuting attorney shall file a timely motion for continuance as
set forth in subdivision (A) of this rule. Provided further, that a
trial court may take note of congestion or an emergency without
the necessity of a motion, and upon so finding may order a
continuance. Any continuance granted due to a congested
calendar or emergency shall be reduced to an order, which order
shall also set the case for trial within a reasonable time.
Ind. Crim. R. 4(B)(1). In Austin v. State, 997 N.E.2d 1027, 1038-39 (Ind. 2013),
our supreme court explained:
Criminal Rule 4(B) presents at least three hurdles at the trial
court level: First, when a criminal defendant files a motion for a
speedy trial, the trial court must set the defendant’s case for trial
within seventy days—which might require, to an extent we
discuss below—a re-prioritization of its current caseload.
Second, if the trial court finds it cannot accomplish this
prioritization and bring the defendant to trial within seventy days
because of court congestion, it may order a continuance—and
that finding of congestion is then subject to challenge by way of
the defendant’s motion for discharge. And third, if the trial court
orders such a continuance, it still must keep sight of the
defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial—and Rule 4(B)
therefore permits the continuance only to the extent that the
defendant proceeds to trial within a reasonable time after the
close of the seventy-day window.
[6] Indiana Criminal Rule 4(D), which extends the seventy-day speedy trial
deadline under certain circumstances, provides:
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If when application is made for discharge of a defendant under
this rule, the court be satisfied that there is evidence for the state,
which cannot then be had, that reasonable effort has been made
to procure the same and there is just ground to believe that such
evidence can be had within ninety (90) days, the cause may be
continued, and the prisoner remanded or admitted to bail; and if
he be not brought to trial by the state within such additional
ninety (90) days, he shall then be discharged.
[7] Any exigent circumstances may warrant a reasonable delay beyond the
limitations of Criminal Rule 4. Otte v. State, 967 N.E.2d 540, 545 (Ind. Ct. App.
2012), trans. denied. “The reasonableness of such delay must be judged in the
context of the particular case.” Id. “‘Rule 4(D) does not mandate the evidence
be essential or unique, only that it be unavailable and that the State be entitled
to present it.’” Wilhelmus v. State, 824 N.E.2d 405, 413 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)
(quoting Smith v. State, 502 N.E.2d 485, 488 (Ind. 1987)). We review the trial
court’s decision to grant an extension under Rule 4(D) for an abuse of
discretion. Smith v. State, 982 N.E.2d 393, 401 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).
[8] We first address the State’s argument that Forest waived this issue. According
to the State, Forest did not object to the trial date set during the April 5, 2016
hearing and did not reassert his objection to the State’s continuance. The State
also notes that Forest never filed a motion for discharge. We recently addressed
the conflict in cases dealing with waiver in Criminal Rule 4 arguments. See
Miller v. State, No. 28A04-1603-CR-634, slip op. at 12-14, __ N.E.3d __ (Ind.
Ct. App. 2017). We noted some cases have found waiver when the defendant
failed to make a motion for discharge, but some cases have found that an
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objection to the scheduling of a trial date outside the Rule 4 limits was
sufficient. Id. Similarly, here, Forest did not file a motion for discharge and did
not object at the time the trial court reset the trial date. He did, however, object
to the granting of the State’s motion for a continuance pursuant to Rule 4(D).
Given the current conflicting state of affairs on this question, we will err on the
side of addressing Forest’s claim of error on the merits.
[9] Forest withdrew his first motion for a speedy trial and did not renew his speedy
trial motion until January 26, 2016. On March 4, 2016, the State requested that
the Indiana State Police test the baggie and the box of cheese crackers for DNA
and fingerprint evidence. The State Police Laboratory informed the State that it
would need a minimum of forty-five days to complete its analysis. Shortly
thereafter, the State filed its motion for a continuance pursuant to Rule 4(D).
Forest argues that the State should have tested the evidence in the year while he
was under federal hold and that the State did not request the testing until Forest
indicated he would challenge the State’s case based on lack of testing.
[10] In support of his argument, Forest relies on Chambers v. State, 848 N.E.2d 298,
305 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. In that case, the evidence at issue was a
lab report that the prosecution did not have in its possession but which had
been completed six days before the State moved to continue the trial. We
found that the trial court abused its discretion by granting the motion for
continuance because the evidence was, in fact, available and the State failed to
make a reasonable effort to procure it. Here, however, the DNA and
fingerprint reports were not available at the time of the State’s motion for a
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continuance. Further, given the withdrawal of his earlier speedy trial request
and the year-long delay in the case due to federal charges against Forest, we
cannot say the State’s failure to test the evidence at an earlier time was
unreasonable. At the time of the State’s motion, the DNA and fingerprint
evidence was unavailable, and the State was entitled to present it. We cannot
say that the trial court abused its discretion by granting the State’s motion for a
continuance, and Forest’s Rule 4 rights were not violated.
II. Inappropriate Sentence
[11] Forest argues that his eleven-year sentence is inappropriate and that an advisory
sentence of six years is warranted in this case. Appellate Rule 7(B) provides
that we may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration
of the trial court’s decision, we find that the sentence is inappropriate in light of
the nature of the offenses and the character of the offender. When considering
whether a sentence is inappropriate, we need not be “extremely” deferential to
a trial court’s sentencing decision. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2007). Still, we must give due consideration to that decision. Id. We
also understand and recognize the unique perspective a trial court brings to its
sentencing decisions. Id. Under this rule, the burden is on the defendant to
persuade the appellate court that his or her sentence is inappropriate. Childress
v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
[12] The principal role of Rule 7(B) review “should be to attempt to leaven the
outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged
with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived
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‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind.
2008). We “should focus on the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than
the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts, or length of the
sentence on any individual count.” Id. When reviewing the appropriateness of
a sentence under Rule 7(B), we may consider all aspects of the penal
consequences imposed by the trial court in sentencing the defendant, including
whether a portion of the sentence was suspended. Davidson v. State, 926 N.E.2d
1023, 1025 (Ind. 2010).
[13] The nature of the offense is that, while incarcerated, Forest possessed 16.23
grams of cocaine in his jail cell. The fact that he possessed such a significant
amount of the drugs in jail is egregious. As for Forest’s character, although he
was only twenty-one years old, he had an extensive criminal history including a
2016 federal conviction for felon in possession of a weapon, 2016 misdemeanor
convictions for battery and resisting law enforcement, two 2014 misdemeanor
convictions for resisting law enforcement, a 2013 felony conviction for
possession of cocaine/methamphetamine or a schedule I or II narcotic drug, a
2013 misdemeanor conviction for operating a motor vehicle without ever
receiving a license, a 2013 felony conviction for receiving stolen property, and a
2012 misdemeanor conviction for battery resulting in bodily injury. He also
had several juvenile adjudications and had been placed in the Indiana Boys
School. Although Forest alleges that he has been diagnosed with ADHD and
bipolar disorder, there is no evidence in the record to indicate his diagnosis or
demonstrate how the alleged diagnosis impacted his actions. Given the large
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amount of cocaine that Forest possessed and his criminal history, we cannot
say the sentence imposed by the trial court is inappropriate.
Conclusion
[14] The trial court did not abuse its discretion by granting the State’s motion for a
continuance, and Forest’s sentence is not inappropriate. We affirm.
[15] Affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Robb, J., concur.
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