W.R. v. State of Indiana , 87 N.E.3d 30 ( 2017 )

FILED
Nov 01 2017, 5:37 am
CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Adam C. Squiller Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Squiller & Hamilton, LLP Attorney General of Indiana
Auburn, Indiana
Henry A. Flores, Jr.
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
W.R., November 1, 2017
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No.
17A03-1703-XP-571
v. Appeal from the DeKalb Superior
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Kevin P. Wallace,
Appellee-Respondent Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
17D01-1612-XP-31
May, Judge.
[1] W.R. appeals the partial denial of his petition for expungement. He asserts the
trial court abused its discretion when it refused to expunge his felony
convictions. We affirm.
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Facts and Procedural History
[2] On July 7, 1999, W.R. was convicted of two felony charges of dealing drugs.
He completed the sentence ordered. On January 16, 2007, W.R. was convicted
of misdemeanor operating while intoxicated. On December 16, 2016, W.R.
filed a petition for expungement of those convictions and an arrest that did not
result in conviction.
[3] On January 24, 2017, the trial court held a hearing on W.R.’s petition. W.R.
has worked for a pest control company in Fort Wayne for the last seven years.
He now manages the business. Because of his successful completion of
probation, the probation department invited him back to speak to youths at a
high school. However, due to the felony charges, he is not allowed to
personally provide pest control service to some places, such as some of the
buildings owned by the City of Fort Wayne. The State did not present evidence
or take a position at the hearing.
[4] The trial court granted expungement of the misdemeanor charge and the arrest
that did not result in a conviction. The trial court denied W.R.’s petition to
expunge the felony convictions because the nature of the convictions, i.e.,
dealing drugs, might be relevant to businesses deciding whether to exclude
persons from their premises.
Discussion and Decision
[5] The pertinent part of the statute governing W.R.’s expungement petition states:
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If the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that:
(1) the period required by this section has elapsed;
(2) no charges are pending against the person;
(3) the person has paid all fines, fees, and court costs, and
satisfied any restitution obligation placed on the person as
part of the sentence; and
(4) the person has not been convicted of a crime within the
previous eight (8) years (or within a shorter period agreed
to by the prosecuting attorney if the prosecuting attorney
has consented to a shorter period under subsection (c));
the court may order the conviction records described in
subsection (c) marked as expunged in accordance with section 7
of this chapter. A person whose records have been ordered
marked as expunged under this section is considered to have had
the persons records expunged for all purposes other than the
disposition of the records.
Ind. Code § 35-38-9-4(e) (2015) (emphasis added). 1
[6] “The term ‘may’ in a statute ordinarily implies a permissive condition and a
grant of discretion.” Tongate v. State, 954 N.E.2d 494, 496 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011),
reh’g denied, trans. denied. Thus, the trial court is allowed discretion when
deciding whether to grant or deny an expungement petition. Key v. State, 48
1
The parties agree W.R. meets the four requirements of subsection 4(e).
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N.E.3d 333, 337 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). W.R. contends the trial court abused
that discretion when it denied his petition for expungement. An abuse of
discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and
effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Conley v. State, 972 N.E.2d 864,
871 (Ind. 2012), reh’g denied.
[7] W.R. cites Cline v. State, 61 N.E.3d 360, 360 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), as being “on
all fours with the facts of this case,” (Appellant’s Br. at 8), such that a denial of
his petition is an abuse of discretion, just as it was in Cline. The State argues
Cline is distinguishable for several reasons.
[8] Like W.R., Cline had two felony charges she requested expunged. Cline, 61
N.E.3d at 361. Also, like W.R., Cline had led a generally successful life since
those convictions. Id. at 363. She had “consistently been employed, and ha[d]
obtained an Associate’s Degree in Business Administration, a CPR license, and
a ServSafe certification. She testified that she had been promoted from food
server to store management, but lost her job when store owners learned of her
criminal record.” Id. However, in the time between those convictions and her
petition, Cline had not committed any more crimes. W.R. has. Although the
trial court here ordered W.R.’s misdemeanor conviction be expunged, that very
misdemeanor distinguishes W.R.’s case from Cline.
[9] Here, the trial court crafted its order specifically taking into consideration the
decision in Cline. (See App. Vol. II at 9-10 (trial court cites to Cline regarding
the remedial measures of the pertinent statute and the amount of discretion the
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trial court is allowed).) In Cline, we held the “trial court’s articulation of its
evaluative processes to be particularly troubling.” 2 Cline, 61 N.E.3d at 363.
Additionally, it “appear[ed] that the trial court may have concluded that Cline
had a total of eight convictions, as opposed to two.” Id.
[10] That troubling articulation together with the ambiguity surrounding the
evidence the court used to come to its decision led us to hold the trial court
abused its discretion when it denied Cline’s petition. Here, though, the trial
court was not combative in its speech and did not misconstrue the convictions
to be expunged. The nature of the trial court’s order of denial of W.R.’s
expungement petition is wholly different from the “troubling” language used by
the trial court in Cline. Cline, 61 N.E.3d at 363.
[11] That fact, together with the later conviction for operating while intoxicated,
leads us to hold the trial court did not improperly exercise its discretion. See
Rouster v. State, 705 N.E.2d 999, 1005 (Ind. 1999) (holding a trial court’s ability
2
At Cline’s expungement hearing, the trial court stated:
Well, Ms. Cline, obviously I remember you. I don’t have any fond memories of you (inaudible)
your criminal behavior. That doesn’t mean - that doesn’t mean that you should necessarily be
deprived of this opportunity but it doesn’t mean I’m not going to do this by (inaudible). I’m going
to think about it for a while. I’m concerned by the - the offenses you committed. Number one,
Forgery, a crime of dishonesty. Number two, dealing methamphetamine. Putting it bluntly, it’s a
pain in my ass. I have [to] deal with meth and heroin every damn day here and I’ve – I’ve had a
belly full. I’m not doing favors for people that are causing these problems in Jay County. I’m also
concerned by the fact that you’ve only been out of supervision for five years.
And I could turn that around and I could say hey, way to go, you’ve been out five years and you
haven’t – haven’t messed up.
That’s what I’m going to think about a little bit. I will rule on it within thirty days.
Cline v. State, 61 N.E.3d 360, 361-62 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).
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to grant a motion does not mean denial was an abuse of discretion), reh’g denied.
To do otherwise is to reweigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that
of the trial court. See Jones v. State, 62 N.E.3d 1205, 1208 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016)
(it is improper to substitute appellate judgment for that of the trial court when
reviewing for abuse of discretion). Accordingly, we conclude the trial court did
not abuse its discretion in partially denying W.R.’s petition for expungement,
and we affirm its decision.
[12] Affirmed.
Barnes, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
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