Amy L. Falatovics v. Imre L. Falatovics , 15 N.E.3d 108 ( 2014 )

FOR PUBLICATION
Aug 14 2014, 9:33 am
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
KRISTINA J. JACOBUCCI
Newby, Lewis, Kaminski & Jones, LLP
La Porte, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
AMY L. FALATOVICS, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 46A04-1401-DR-20
)
IMRE L. FALATOVICS, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE LAPORTE SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Kathleen B. Lang, Judge
Cause No. 46D01-1302-DR-59
August 14, 2014
OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge
Case Summary
Amy L. Falatovics (“Wife”) appeals the decree dissolving her marriage with Imre L.
Falatovics (“Husband”). She argues that the trial court erred in excluding from the marital
estate Husband’s interest in two parcels of real estate, which he owns as a joint tenant with
his brother subject to a life estate in his mother. Wife asserts that Husband’s interest in the
real estate was improperly excluded from the marital estate because Husband has a present
pecuniary interest in the properties. We agree and therefore reverse and remand with
instructions to include Husband’s interest in the properties in the marital estate and to
redistribute the marital assets as appropriate.
Facts and Procedural History
Wife and Husband were married in 1989. In 2005, Husband’s parents conveyed by
quitclaim deed two parcels of real estate in LaPorte County to Husband and his brother “as
joint tenants with rights of survivorship” subject to life estates in favor of Husband’s parents.
Petitioner’s Exs. 4 and 5.
In February 2013, Wife filed a petition for dissolution of marriage. The parties agreed
that the value of Husband’s interest in one of the parcels (“Parcel 1”) was $76,700. Tr. at 7,
13; Petitioner’s Ex. 1.1 They also agreed that the value of Husband’s interest in the other
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The dissolution decree states that the “parties agreed that the appraised value of [Parcel 1] is
$75,700.” Appellant’s App. at 33. Our review of the record shows that the parties agreed that Husband’s
interest in Parcel 1 is $76,700.
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parcel (“Parcel 2”) was $30,000. Id. at 7, 14; Petitioner’s Ex. 2.2 At the time of the final
hearing, Husband’s father had passed away. Husband’s mother retained possession of the
parcels by way of her life estate.
In December 2013, the trial court issued the dissolution decree, finding that as to
Parcels 1 and 2, “Husband will never possess this land if he predeceases his mother; or if he
predeceases his brother [and he has not] invested any money, labor, or time into the real
estate.” Appellant’s App. at 33-34. The trial court found that Parcels 1 and 2 were not
marital assets and awarded Husband “any present or future right, title, and interest in the
propert[ies].” Id. The trial court equally divided the marital estate, valued at $566,325.
Discussion and Decision
Wife argues that Parcels 1 and 2 were improperly excluded from the marital estate and
that she should be awarded half of Husband’s interest in the properties. Before addressing
her argument, we observe that Husband did not file a brief.
When the appellee has failed to submit an answer brief we need not undertake
the burden of developing an argument on the appellee’s behalf. Rather, we
will reverse the trial court’s judgment if the appellant’s brief presents a case of
prima facie error. Prima facie error in this context is defined as, at first sight,
on first appearance, or on the face of it.
Fifth Third Bank v. PNC Bank, 885 N.E.2d 52, 54 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (citations and
quotation marks omitted).
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The dissolution decree states that the “parties agreed that [Parcel 2] is valued at $30,000.”
Appellant’s App. at 34. Our review of the record shows that the parties agreed that Husband’s interest in
Parcel 2 is $30,000.
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It is well settled that in a dissolution action, all marital property goes into the marital
pot for division, whether it was owned by either spouse before the marriage, acquired by
either spouse after the marriage and before final separation of the parties, or acquired by their
joint efforts. Ind. Code § 31-15-7-4(a); Beard v. Beard, 758 N.E.2d 1019, 1025 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2001), trans. denied (2002). For purposes of dissolution, property means “all the assets
of either party or both parties.” Ind. Code § 31-9-2-98 (emphasis added). “The requirement
that all marital assets be placed in the marital pot is meant to insure that the trial court first
determines that value before endeavoring to divide property.” Montgomery v. Faust, 910
N.E.2d 234, 238 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). “Indiana’s ‘one pot’ theory prohibits the exclusion of
any asset in which a party has a vested interest from the scope of the trial court’s power to
divide and award.” Wanner v. Hutchcroft, 888 N.E.2d 260, 263 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). While
the trial court may decide to award a particular asset solely to one spouse as part of its just
and reasonable property division, it must first include the asset in its consideration of the
marital estate to be divided. Hill v. Hill, 863 N.E.2d 456, 460 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). The
systematic exclusion of any marital asset from the marital pot is erroneous. Wilson v. Wilson,
409 N.E.2d 1169, 1173 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980).
Wife asserts that Husband has an ownership interest in Parcels 1 and 2 that is vested
and not too remote and therefore must be included in the marital pot, citing Moyars v.
Moyars, 717 N.E.2d 976 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied (2000). There, during David
and Mechelle’s marriage, David and his siblings inherited real estate as tenants in common
subject to a life estate in David’s mother. Mechelle later filed for divorce. In valuing the
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marital estate, the trial court excluded David’s remainder interest in the inherited property.
Mechelle appealed. We concluded that
David’s interest is not too remote to be included in the property settlement
award. David owns a remainder interest as a tenant in common with his two
siblings, subject to a life estate in his mother. David’s interest became vested
at his father’s death. Although David has no legal present possessory interest
in the land, we note that he and Mechelle have in fact enjoyed the possession
of a portion [of] the land for many years now. Further, unlike in [Loeb v.
Loeb, 261 Ind. 193, 301 N.E.2d 349 (1973)], David’s interest in the real
property does represent a present pecuniary interest; David could sell or
mortgage his interest if he chose to. Remainder interests, like fee simple
interests, are capable of valuation. …. David’s interest in the property is a
valuable asset. Thus, we hold that David’s vested remainder in the real estate
was not too remote to be included in the property division.
Id. at 979 (emphasis added) (citations omitted).3
Like David Moyars, Husband has a remainder interest in land subject to a life estate.
Like David, Husband does not have a legal present possessory interest in the property.
Nevertheless, Husband’s remainder interest in the land, like David’s, represents a present
pecuniary interest capable of valuation. However, David owned his remainder interest as a
tenant in common, whereas Husband holds his remainder interest as a joint tenant with rights
of survivorship. Wife argues that the difference is immaterial in this context because as a
joint tenant, Husband has a fixed, vested interest in the parcels, which he can convey for
value. See Barden v. Overmeyer, 134 Ind. 660, 660, 34 N.E. 439, 439 (1893) (“[I]n a joint
3
In Loeb, our supreme court concluded that the husband’s remainder interest subject to a condition
subsequent in a trust holding common stock of the family corporation was not a marital asset because “the
husband had no present possessory interest and the interest was of no present pecuniary value to him.” 261
Ind. 193, 199-200, 301 N.E.2d at 353. The Moyars court noted that “the broad statutory definition of property
now found at IC 31-9-2-98, which expressly states that all assets of the parties are property, was enacted after
Loeb was decided.” 717 N.E.2d at 979 n.1.
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tenancy either tenant may convey his share to a cotenant, or even to a stranger, who thereby
becomes tenant in common with the other cotenant.”); Grathwohl v. Garrity, 871 N.E.2d
297, 301 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (“A joint tenancy relationship confers equivalent legal rights
on the tenants that are fixed and vested at the time the joint tenancy is created. Additionally,
each joint tenant may sell or mortgage his or her interest in the property to a third party.”)
(citations and quotation marks omitted). We agree with Wife. Husband’s remainder interest
in Parcels 1 and 2, which he holds as a joint tenant, has a present pecuniary interest. His
interest in the parcels is an asset capable of valuation. Accordingly, we conclude that the
trial court erred in excluding Husband’s interest in Parcels 1 and 2 from the marital pot and
reverse that portion of the decree.
The parties agreed that the value of Husband’s interest in Parcels 1 and 2 was
$106,700. Wife asks us to divide Husband’s interest equally between them. However, the
trial court’s decision to divide the marital pot equally was not based upon the proper
valuation of the marital estate. We have observed that “knowing the numerical split of the
entire estate might alter the trial court’s view of the appropriateness of its property division.”
Montgomery, 910 N.E.2d at 238. Although Indiana Code Section 31-15-7-5 creates a
rebuttable presumption that an equal division of the marital property between the parties is
just and reasonable, an equal division may not be just and reasonable based on a proper
consideration of all the factors set forth in the statute. Therefore, we remand with
instructions to the trial court to include Husband’s interest in Parcels 1 and 2 in the marital
estate and redistribute the marital assets as it deems appropriate.
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Reversed and remanded.
RILEY, J., and MATHIAS, J., concur.
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