Jose G. Alejandro v. State of Indiana ( 2014 )

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of Feb 17 2014, 7:13 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the
case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
ELIZABETH A. BELLIN GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Elkhart, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
MICHAEL GENE WORDEN
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JOSE G. ALEJANDRO, )
)
Appellant-Defendant, )
)
vs. ) No. 20A03-1306-CR-224
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Terry C. Shewmaker, Judge
Cause No. 20C01-1207-FA-36
February 17, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BROWN, Judge
Jose G. Alejandro appeals his conviction and sentence for attempted murder.
Alejandro raises two issues, which we revise and restate as:
I. Whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain his conviction; and
II. Whether his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the
offense and his character.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In May 2012, Alejandro was a member of the Latin Kings. Dennis Patino was a
member of Society’s Most Wanted (“SMW”). SMW “did not get along with Latin
Kings.” Transcript at 368. Alejandro and Patino knew each other before Patino joined
SMW, and the two were Facebook friends. Flavio Contreras was not a member of the
Latin Kings or SMW but would hang out with Patino and others who were a part of
SMW.
At some point,1 Alejandro, posting on Facebook as King Love, commented on
Patino’s Facebook wall stating “yo whats up my nigga.” State’s Exhibit at 15. Treyas
Mitchell, a SMW member, posted the comment “damn [Patino] let me find out we talk to
chaps/kings now thought it was kk nk wey.”2 Id. Patino then posted the comment “[a]ll
day errday SMW till I pass away.” Id. Patino intended to communicate to Mitchell that
he was “not a punk” and that he was “really part of” SMW. Transcript at 370. Alejandro
then posted the comment “i see nigga.” State’s Exhibit 15.
State’s Exhibit 15 is a copy of Patino’s Facebook wall. According to State’s Exhibit 15, the
1
comments discussed above were posted between “Wednesday at 1:44 p.m.” and “Wednesday at 2:18
p.m.”
2
A “Chap” is a Northsider, a “King” is a Latin King, a “kk” is a “King killer,” an “nk” is a
Northside killer, and “wey” is “[s]lang, like, hey, friend.” Transcript at 367-369. Patino indicated that
Mitchell’s comment was a show of disrespect to the Northside group as well as to the Latin Kings.
2
On May 23, 2012, Contreras, who was nineteen years old at the time, spent most
of the day with Patino and some other friends at Studebaker Park in Elkhart, Indiana.
Patino used to live across the street from Contreras and had known him since he was
twelve or thirteen years old. After leaving Studebaker Park, Contreras went home, ate
dinner, and watched television with his family.
At approximately 11:00 p.m., Alejandro knocked on the door of Contreras’s home,
and Contreras answered the door and spoke with him. Alejandro asked Contreras for
Patino’s location, and Contreras told him that he did not know. Alejandro told Contreras
to step outside and talk to him, but Contreras refused because he noticed that Alejandro
was holding something behind his back and there was no reason for Alejandro to be
there. Contreras was concerned for his safety. Alejandro told Contreras to go with him
and show him Patino’s location, but Contreras refused. Alejandro then told him: “well
you got to come on or I’m going to pop you right here.” Transcript at 454. Contreras
understood that Alejandro meant that he would shoot him if he did not go. Contreras
stepped inside for his sweater and shoes, and Alejandro, with his hand behind his back,
followed Contreras inside. Contreras appeared nervous, and Alejandro told Contreras’s
mother that he would bring Contreras back in thirty minutes and that they were “not
going to do stupid things.” Id. at 406. Alejandro also said that Contreras was
misbehaving. Contreras and Alejandro then exited the house.
Contreras and Alejandro walked across the street, and Alejandro told Contreras to
enter the car. Contreras entered the backseat and sat next to Eric Alicorn, a Latin King,
and Alejandro entered the backseat after Contreras. Contreras was seated between
Alejandro on his left and Alicorn on his right, and Alejandro removed his hand, which
3
was holding a gun, from behind his back. Two other men were seated in the vehicle’s
front seat.
The vehicle pulled away and traveled on County Road 6 and later on a portion of
County Road 19 which was very dark, deserted, without many houses, and with farmland
on one side and trees on the other side. While they were driving, Alejandro repeatedly
asked Contreras for Patino’s location and where Patino lived, and Contreras continued to
refuse to tell him. Contreras attempted to explain to Alejandro that he was not “going to
give it up” and that “if he was my friend somebody would have came asking for him I
wouldn’t have gave him up, you know what I mean.” Id. at 464.
The driver then began to stop the vehicle and as it came to a stop, Alejandro
passed the gun to Alicorn and said: “well, I guess we going to have to do it.” Id. at 465.
Alejandro and Alicorn exited the vehicle, and, while Contreras was still in the backseat,
Alicorn shot Contreras four times. The bullets hit Contreras in the neck, hand, elbow,
and back of his head. Someone pulled Contreras from the backseat of the vehicle, and, as
he was being dragged out of the vehicle, Alicorn fired a fifth shot which struck Contreras
in his abdomen. Contreras fell to the ground with his face toward the back tire of the
vehicle. The men then “stomped on [Contreras] a little bit” while he was on the ground,
stating “kick this mother f-----.” Id. at 468-469. Alejandro, Alicorn, and the two others
entered the vehicle and drove away, leaving Contreras on County Road 19.
After midnight, Contreras’s mother had her daughter call people who could know
Alejandro, eventually obtained his phone number, and called him and asked about
Contreras. He told her that Contreras was not with him, that he was with Patino, and that
he “was doing bad things.” Id. at 411. Contreras’s mother told him to bring Contreras
4
home, and she was upset because Alejandro did not answer her questions. Contreras was
unable to walk and had severe back pain.
On County Road 19, a driver was startled to see Contreras, who was on the right
side of the road, waving his arm, and the driver swerved to avoid hitting him. The driver
drove home, called 911, and returned with her husband and waited for police and an
ambulance to arrive.
Contreras was taken by ambulance to the hospital. He had no pulse on his right
arm, a gunshot entry wound in the back of his head with an exit wound behind his right
ear, a graze wound from a bullet to the right side of his neck, a gunshot wound to the
back of one of his hands and a finger, and a gunshot entry wound on the right flank area
of his abdomen and an exit wound on the left flank area of his abdomen. He sustained
injury to his brachial artery requiring surgery, and the bullet that passed through his
abdomen injured his liver, spleen, and both kidneys. His right kidney “was kind of
shattered within his abdomen.” Id. at 284.
On July 9, 2012, the State charged Alejandro with attempted murder as a class A
felony and filed a sentencing enhancement for association with a criminal gang. A jury
found Alejandro guilty of attempted murder as charged and found that the State proved
the criminal gang enhancement beyond a reasonable doubt.
At sentencing, the court found Alejandro’s age, statement of remorse, statements
of Alejandro’s counsel, and the fact that Alejandro was not the person who shot
Contreras to be mitigating circumstances. The court found the following facts as
aggravating: that Alejandro was an undocumented person, he first used marijuana at age
nine, he illegally used alcohol and was under the influence of both alcohol and marijuana
5
at the time of the offense, his criminal history consisted of five juvenile cases and one
misdemeanor, he could have called off the offense at any time, he involved other persons
in the criminal act and left Contreras without seeking medical help, he provided false
information to Contreras’s mother, his acts were clearly gang related, the victim will
require long-term medical care, and other sanctions against Alejandro have not been
effective. The court determined that any one of the aggravators taken individually or all
of them as a whole outweigh the mitigators warranting the imposition of a substantially
aggravated sentence, and sentenced Alejandro to fifty years for attempted murder
enhanced by fifty years for the criminal gang enhancement for an aggregate sentence of
one hundred years.
DISCUSSION
I.
The first issue is whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain Alejandro’s
conviction for attempted murder. When reviewing claims of insufficiency of the
evidence, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of witnesses. Jordan v.
State, 656 N.E.2d 816, 817 (Ind. 1995), reh’g denied. Rather, we look to the evidence
and the reasonable inferences therefrom that support the verdict. Id. We will affirm the
conviction if there exists evidence of probative value from which a reasonable trier of
fact could find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The uncorroborated
testimony of one witness, even if it is the victim, is sufficient to sustain a conviction.
Ferrell v. State, 565 N.E.2d 1070, 1072-1073 (Ind. 1991).
The offense of attempted murder is governed by Ind. Code § 35-42-1-1 and Ind.
Code § 35-41-5-1. To convict a defendant of attempted murder, the State must prove
6
beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, acting with the specific intent to kill,
engaged in conduct which constitutes a substantial step toward the commission of
murder. Mitchem v. State, 685 N.E.2d 671, 676 (Ind. 1997). A “substantial step” toward
the commission of a crime, for purposes of the crime of attempt, is any overt act beyond
mere preparation and in furtherance of intent to commit an offense. Hughes v. State, 600
N.E.2d 130, 131 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992). Whether a defendant has taken a substantial step
toward the commission of the crime is a question of fact to be decided by the trier of fact
based on the particular circumstances of the case. Id. “[W]hen determining whether the
defendant has taken a substantial step toward a crime, the focus is on what has been
completed, not on what remains to be done.” Hughes v. State, 600 N.E.2d 130, 132 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1992).
Ind. Code § 35-41-2-4 provides that “[a] person who knowingly or intentionally
aids, induces, or causes another person to commit an offense commits that offense. . . .”
“Under accomplice liability, an accomplice is criminally responsible for all acts
committed by a confederate which are a probable and natural consequence of their
concerted action.” McGee v. State, 699 N.E.2d 264, 265 (Ind. 1998) (citation and
internal quotation marks omitted). It is not necessary that a defendant participate in every
element of a crime to be convicted of that crime under a theory of accomplice liability.
Bruno v. State, 774 N.E.2d 880, 882 (Ind. 2002), reh’g denied. In determining whether
there was sufficient evidence for purposes of accomplice liability, we consider such
factors as: (1) presence at the scene of the crime; (2) companionship with another at the
scene of the crime; (3) failure to oppose commission of the crime; and (4) course of
conduct before, during, and after occurrence of the crime. Id. A defendant’s mere
7
presence at the crime scene, or lack of opposition to a crime, standing alone, is
insufficient to establish accomplice liability. Tobar v. State, 740 N.E.2d 109, 112 (Ind.
2000). These factors, however, may be considered in conjunction with a defendant’s
course of conduct before, during, and after the crime, and a defendant’s companionship
with the one who commits the crime. Id. Furthermore, accomplice liability applies to the
contemplated offense and all acts that are a probable and natural consequence of the
concerted action. Wieland v. State, 736 N.E.2d 1198, 1202 (Ind. 2000).
Alejandro asserts that the evidence is insufficient to demonstrate that he, as an
accomplice, had the specific intent to kill Contreras, that his role was to merely assist
Alicorn by handing him a weapon, that the evidence showed he had an issue with Patino
and not Contreras, and that Contreras was not affiliated with the Latin Kings or SMW.
The State maintains that sufficient evidence was presented to prove that Alejandro
intended that Alicorn kill Contreras, that he willfully participated with Alicorn and the
others before, during, and after the shooting, and that he lured Contreras out of his house
with a gun, threatened to shoot Contreras if he did not give up his friend, revealed the gun
to Contreras while driving as a constant reminder of what would happen if Contreras did
not cooperate, and that “when it became clear that [Contreras] was not going to reveal his
friend’s location, [Alejandro] handed his gun to [Alicorn] and said ‘well, I guess we
going to have to do it.’” Appellee’s Brief at 10 (citing Transcript at 465). The State also
notes that Alejandro had opportunities to intervene but did not do so, left Contreras on the
road to die, fled with the others, and tried to conceal the crime by lying to Contreras’s
mother.
8
We look to the evidence and the reasonable inferences therefrom that support the
verdict. See Jordan, 656 N.E.2d at 817. Alejandro’s argument is an invitation to reweigh
the evidence, which we cannot do. Id. We also note that the Indiana Supreme Court has
“unequivocally determined that the requisite intent to kill may be inferred from the use of
a deadly weapon in a manner likely to cause death or great bodily harm.” Maxwell v.
State, 731 N.E.2d 459, 462 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (citations omitted), trans. denied.
Alejandro handed the gun to Alicorn, and Alicorn’s action of firing shots into Contreras’s
head and abdomen “undoubtedly constitutes using a deadly weapon in a manner likely to
cause death.” See Cook v. State, 675 N.E.2d 687, 692 (Ind. 1996). Further, accomplice
liability applies to the contemplated offense and all acts that are a probable and natural
consequence of the concerted action. Wieland, 736 N.E.2d at 1202.
Based upon the evidence favorable to the conviction, including Alejandro’s
conduct before, during, and after the shooting, and the other factors set forth in Bruno
regarding accomplice liability, we conclude that the State presented evidence of probative
value from which a reasonable jury could have determined beyond a reasonable doubt
that Alejandro was guilty based on accomplice liability of attempted murder. See
Wieland, 736 N.E.2d at 1203 (holding in part that a reasonable trier of fact could have
determined beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty based on accomplice
liability of felony murder and noting that the defendant accompanied the shooter to the
store, knowing that the shooter was armed, did nothing to oppose the commission of any
of the crimes, and did not withdraw from the enterprise).
9
II.
The next issue is whether Alejandro’s sentence is inappropriate. Indiana Appellate
Rule 7(B) provides that this court “may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after
due consideration of the trial court’s decision, [we find] that the sentence is inappropriate
in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Under this rule,
the burden is on the defendant to persuade the appellate court that his or her sentence is
inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
Alejandro argues that, while he participated in giving Alicorn the gun, he was not
the person who ultimately shot Contreras and thus that his culpability was diminished
significantly. He asserts that his criminal history is relatively limited, he has a fifth grade
education, is twenty-one years of age, was under the influence of drugs and alcohol at the
time of the offense, and that he is not one of the worst of the worst to justify a maximum
sentence.
The State contends that Alejandro’s sentence is appropriate in light of the heinous
nature of his offense, and his character, pointing to Alejandro’s extended criminal
history, gang affiliation, and the fact that he was under the influence of alcohol and
marijuana when he committed the offense.
Our review of the nature of the offense reveals that, when he took offense to a
comment made on Facebook by Patino and armed with a gun, Alejandro attempted to
force Contreras to show him where Patino lived or was located, and that, when Contreras
would not do so, handed the gun to Alicorn and stated, “well, I guess we going to have to
do it.” Transcript at 465. After Alicorn shot Contreras five times and the men kicked
Contreras on the ground, Alejandro and the others drove away and Alejandro told
10
Contreras’s mother that Contreras was with Patino. Contreras sustained gunshot wounds
in the back of his head, to the right side of his neck, to the back of one of his hands and a
finger, and to his abdomen. Contreras sustained serious injuries to his brachial artery,
liver, spleen, and both kidneys. In his victim impact statement, Contreras stated that he
lost his job, his mom lost her babysitting job because the children’s parents did not feel
safe, he cannot sleep at night, his family experienced much trauma, and that he incurred
significant financial obligations for his medical treatment.
Our review of Alejandro’s character shows that he was twenty years old at the
time of the offense, his criminal history includes juvenile delinquent adjudications for
visiting a common nuisance, illegal consumption of an alcoholic beverage, two counts of
resisting law enforcement, being a runaway, a curfew violation, and public intoxication.
As an adult, he was convicted of possession of marijuana as a class A misdemeanor. The
PSI further indicates that Alejandro completed the fifth grade, he was a member of a
gang, he reported marijuana use beginning at age nine, and that on the day of the instant
offense he was under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. At the sentencing hearing,
Alejandro stated that “growing up being young, [he] never had a parent to lead [him] the
right way so [he] decided to take it on [his] own hands and live that way because [he]
ain’t had nobody else to guide [him] the right way.” Transcript at 748. The PSI states
that Alejandro reported that he has had no relationship with his father, but that his mother
is “a good lady” and she does not abuse alcohol or other drugs and does not have a
criminal record. Appellant’s Appendix at 128.
11
After due consideration, we conclude that Alejandro has not sustained his burden
of establishing that his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and
his character.3
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Alejandro’s conviction and sentence for
attempted murder.
Affirmed.
ROBB, J., and BARNES, J., concur.
3
To the extent Alejandro argues that the trial court abused its discretion in considering the fact
that he was a member of a gang as an aggravating circumstance because that fact was an element of his
enhancement, we note that the court identified ten other aggravating circumstances and found that any
one individually or taken as a whole outweigh the mitigating circumstances and warrant the imposition of
a substantially aggravated sentence. In light of this, we can say with confidence that the trial court would
have imposed the same sentence had it considered only the remaining aggravating circumstances. See
Drakulich v. State, 877 N.E.2d 525, 535 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (holding that we could say with confidence
that the trial court would have imposed the same sentence if it considered only the proper aggravators),
trans. denied.
12