Kroger Limited Partnership I v. Ruth Lomax ( 2020 )

FILED
Jan 15 2020, 8:21 am
CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
J. Kirk LeBlanc John D. Norman
Nelson A. Nettles Poynter & Bucheri, LLC
Amanda M. Hendren Indianapolis, Indiana
LeBlanc Nettles Law, LLC
Brownsburg, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Kroger Limited Partnership I,1 January 15, 2020
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-CT-1201
v. Interlocutory Appeal from the
Marion Superior Court
Ruth Lomax, The Honorable John F. Hanley,
Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
49D11-1705-CT-21225
Mathias, Judge.
1
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel, LLC is a party to the matter below but did not file an appearance or
otherwise participate on appeal. However, pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 17(A), a party of record in the
trial court shall be a party on appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-CT-1201 | January 15, 2020 Page 1 of 10
[1] Kroger Limited Partnership I (“Kroger”) appeals the order of the Marion
Superior Court denying its motion for summary judgment in a negligence case
filed by Ruth Lomax (“Lomax”). Kroger presents four issues for our review,
which we consolidate and restate as the following two: (1) whether the trial
court abused its discretion by granting Lomax additional time to respond to
Kroger’s request for admissions; and (2) whether the trial court erred by
denying Kroger’s motion for summary judgment. We conclude sua sponte that
Kroger’s motion to appeal the trial court’s interlocutory orders granting Lomax
additional time to respond to Kroger’s request for admissions was untimely.
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s denial of Kroger’s motion for summary
judgment that was based on these now-withdrawn admissions.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On May 25, 2017, Lomax filed a complaint alleging that she tripped and fell on
a doormat while exiting a Kroger store on July 3, 2015. Lomax’s complaint
alleged that Kroger was negligent by failing to maintain the area where Lomax
fell and by failing to warn and protect its patrons of the tripping hazard. 2 Kroger
filed an answer on July 25, 2017, denying the allegations in the complaint. On
December 20, 2017, Lomax responded to Kroger’s First Set of Interrogatories
and Request for Production. In her response, Lomax reasserted her claims that
Kroger was negligent by referring to the allegations in her complaint. She also
2
Lomax filed an amended complaint on June 19, 2017, naming Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel, LLC,
as a co-defendant. As noted supra, Aramark does not participate in this appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-CT-1201 | January 15, 2020 Page 2 of 10
stated that she sustained injuries to her back, ankle, right knee, and shoulder,
and that her medical expenses thus far exceeded $40,000.
[3] Lomax’s first counsel withdrew his appearance on October 15, 2018. Seven
days later, on October 22, 2018, Kroger served Lomax with a request for
admissions in which Kroger asked Lomax to admit that she was solely at fault
for her fall, that she was not injured, and that she did not incur any medical
expenses. Lomax’s response to the request for admissions was due on
November 24, 2018.
[4] Lomax subsequently retained new counsel, who filed his appearance on
November 8, 2018. Kroger’s counsel advised Lomax’s counsel that a request for
admissions had been sent to Lomax, but never sent a copy of the request to
Lomax’s new counsel. Lomax’s counsel did not respond to the request for
admissions by November 24, 2018. Three days later, Kroger filed a motion for
summary judgment, arguing that Lomax’s failure to respond to the request for
admissions meant that the facts contained therein were deemed admitted.
[5] On December 11, 2018, Lomax filed a motion for an extension of time to
respond to Kroger’s request for admissions and to respond to the motion for
summary judgment. Kroger filed an objection thereto on December 12, 2018,
and, that same day, Lomax filed a notice with the trial court stating that her
counsel had served Kroger with her responses to Kroger’s request for
admissions. On December 13, 2018, the trial court entered an order granting
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Lomax’s motion for an extension of time to file her response to Kroger’s
request for admissions (“the December 13 Order”).
[6] Then, on January 3, 2019, Lomax’s second counsel withdrew his appearance,
and two different attorneys filed an appearance on Lomax’s behalf on January
7, 2019. Lomax’s new counsel filed, on January 9, 2019, a motion to deem her
response to Kroger’s request for admissions as timely, to which Kroger also
objected. On January 23, 2019, the trial court entered an order granting
Lomax’s motion to deem her answers to Kroger’s request for admissions as
timely (“the January 23 Order”). On February 8, 2019, Lomax filed her
opposition to Kroger’s motion for summary judgment.3
[7] Kroger filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s ruling on Lomax’s answers
on February 15, 2019, which the trial court denied on March 12, 2019 (“the
MTR Order”). Also on March 12, the trial court also entered an order denying
Kroger’s motion for summary judgment (“the Summary Judgment Order”).4
On March 26, 2019, Kroger filed a motion seeking to certify for interlocutory
appeal the MTR Order and the Summary Judgment Order. The trial court
3
Along with her brief in opposition to Kroger’s motion for summary judgment, Lomax filed a motion to
strike Kroger’s designated Exhibit 2, which consisted of the unanswered request for admissions. The trial
court denied this motion to strike.
4
Both of these orders were signed on March 11 but not entered into the chronological case summary
(“CCS”) until the following day.
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granted this motion on April 29, 2019, and we accepted jurisdiction on June 28,
2019.
Timeliness of Kroger’s Interlocutory Appeal
[8] We first address the timeliness of Kroger’s interlocutory appeal. 5 Kroger sought
to certify two of the trial court’s orders for interlocutory appeal: the Summary
Judgment Order and the MTR Order. Kroger’s motion to reconsider asked the
trial court to overrule its previous rulings on the December 13 Order and the
January 23 Order, which permitted Lomax to file belated responses to Kroger’s
request for admissions. Thus, by seeking to appeal the MTR Order, Kroger also
sought to appeal the December 13 and January 23 Orders.
[9] Indiana Appellate Rule 14(B), which governs discretionary interlocutory
appeals, provides in relevant part:
B. Discretionary Interlocutory Appeals. An appeal may be
taken from other interlocutory orders if the trial court certifies its
order and the Court of Appeals accepts jurisdiction over the
appeal.
5
Although neither party presents the timeliness of Kroger’s appeal as an issue, this court regularly addresses
such issues sua sponte. Snyder v. Snyder, 62 N.E.3d 455, 458 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). This is true even though
our supreme court has held that the failure to timely file a notice of appeal is not a jurisdictional defect. Id.
(citing In re Adoption of O.R., 16 N.E.3d 965, 971 (Ind. 2014); Blinn v. Dyer, 19 N.E.3d 821, 822 (Ind. Ct. App.
2014)). Even though the failure to timely file an appeal is not a jurisdictional matter, it acts to forfeit the right
to an appeal absent extraordinarily compelling reasons. Snyder, 62 N.E.3d at 458 (citing O.R., 16 N.E.3d at
971). We discern no such extraordinarily compelling reasons in the present case.
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(1) Certification by the Trial Court. The trial court, in its discretion,
upon motion by a party, may certify an interlocutory order to
allow an immediate appeal.
(a) Time for Filing Motion. A motion requesting certification of
an interlocutory order must be filed in the trial court within thirty
(30) days after the date the interlocutory order is noted in the
Chronological Case Summary unless the trial court, for good
cause, permits a belated motion. If the trial court grants a
belated motion and certifies the appeal, the court shall make a
finding that the certification is based on a showing of good
cause, and shall set forth the basis for that finding.
App. R. 14(B)(1) (emphasis added).
[10] The Summary Judgment Order was noted in the chronological case summary
(“CCS”) on March 12, 2019. Kroger’s motion to certify this order for
interlocutory appeal was filed on March 26, 2019, well within the thirty-day
time limit of Appellate Rule 14(B)(1)(a), and we address the propriety of the
trial court’s summary judgment order below.
[11] The motion to reconsider order was also noted in the CCS on March 12, 2019.
Kroger’s motion to certify this order for interlocutory appeal was filed on
March 26, 2019, and would, at first blush, appear to be timely as well.
However, under Ind. Trial Rule 53.4(B), a motion to reconsider is deemed
denied if it is not ruled upon within five days. Snyder v. Snyder, 62 N.E.3d 455,
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459 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).6 Kroger’s motion to reconsider was filed on February
15, 2019, and, by operation of Trial Rule 53.4(B), was deemed denied five days
later, on February 20, 2019. Hence, a request to certify the court’s order was
due on March 22, 2019—thirty days after the motion to reconsider was deemed
denied. Kroger did not file its motion to certify until March 26, 2019.
Accordingly, Kroger’s motion to certify the court’s order on Kroger’s motion to
reconsider was untimely. See Snyder, 62 N.E.3d at 459 (holding that husband’s
notice of appeal from appealable interlocutory order was untimely where his
motion to reconsider was deemed denied months earlier).
[12] But even if we overlook this procedural failure, Kroger’s motion to certify the
order on its motion to reconsider was untimely for yet another reason. It is well
settled that “a motion to reconsider ‘shall not . . . extend the time for any
further required or permitted action, motion, or proceeding under these rules.’”
Johnson v. Estate of Brazill, 917 N.E.2d 1235, 1239 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting
T.R. 53.4(A)). Therefore, “a motion to reconsider does not toll the time period
within which an appellant must file a notice of appeal.” Citizens Indus. Group v.
Heartland Gas Pipeline, LLC, 856 N.E.2d 734, 737 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (citing
T.R. 53.4), trans. denied.
6
This provision does not, however, deprive the trial court of the power to rule on a motion to reconsider after
five days have passed. Id. at 458–59. Instead, a trial court has the inherent power to reconsider any previous
ruling so long as the action remains in fieri, i.e., while the case remains pending before the court. Id. (citing
Citizens Indus. Group v. Heartland Gas Pipeline, LLC, 856 N.E.2d 734, 737 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied;
Stephens v. Irvin, 730 N.E.2d 1271, 1277 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), aff’d on reh’g, trans. denied).
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[13] Kroger’s motion to reconsider asked the trial court to overturn the December 13
and January 23 Orders in which the trial court permitted Lomax to file a
belated response to Kroger’s request for admissions. Thus, the motion to certify
the MTR Order was, in essence, a request to certify the December 13 Order and
the January 23 Order. If Kroger wished to certify those orders for interlocutory
appeal, it should have done so within thirty days of the trial court’s orders
thereon, i.e., no later than January 12 and February 22, 2019, respectively.
Having failed to do so, Kroger could not extend the time to seek interlocutory
appeal of those orders by filing a motion to reconsider. See Snyder, 62 N.E.3d at
458–59 (holding that motion to reconsider did not extend time in which
husband had to seek interlocutory appeal as of right); Johnson, 917 N.E.2d at
1240 (same).7
[14] Because Kroger failed to timely request that the trial court certify the December
13 and January Orders for interlocutory appeal, any issue regarding the
propriety of these orders is not properly before this court, and we decline to
consider such arguments at this time.
Summary Judgment
[15] Kroger also argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion for summary
judgment. Kroger’s motion for summary judgment was based wholly on the
7
In its motion to certify the trial court’s orders for interlocutory appeal, Kroger made no argument that good
cause should permit belated certification of these orders for interlocutory appeal, nor did the trial court find
that such good cause existed.
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request for admissions that had been deemed admitted by Lomax’s failure to
timely respond thereto. Kroger argues that the trial court’s rulings permitting
Lomax to file a belated response to its request for admissions were erroneous
and that the request for admissions should still be deemed admitted. Since these
admissions included a concession that Lomax was entirely at fault for her
injuries, Kroger argues there are no genuine issues of material fact and that it is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
[16] As noted above, however, Kroger did not timely seek to certify for interlocutory
appeal the trial court’s orders granting Lomax additional time to file her
response to Kroger’s request for admissions. The trial court’s rulings effectively
permitted her to withdraw the previously-deemed-admitted admissions and file
a belated response that denied Lomax was at fault. Because Kroger failed to
timely certify these orders for interlocutory appeal, we will not consider the
propriety of these orders.
[17] Because the basis for Kroger’s motion for summary judgment was based on the
admissions that had been withdrawn, and because Lomax’s belated responses
to the request for admissions denied that she was at fault for her injuries, the
trial court correctly concluded that Kroger was not entitled to summary
judgment.
Conclusion
[18] Kroger failed to timely obtain certification of the trial court’s orders granting
Lomax additional time to respond to Kroger’s request for admissions and
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deeming her subsequently filed response as timely. Because Kroger’s motion for
summary judgment was premised on Lomax’s admissions that had been
withdrawn with the trial court’s permission, the trial court properly denied
Kroger’s motion.
[19] Affirmed.
Robb, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
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