State v. Nott , 168 Iowa 617 ( 1914 )

Ladd, C. J.

The defendant was marshal of the incorporated town of Gravity and on April 22, 1913, struck Ed Brand on the head with a “billy,” thereby causing his death. The evidence tended to show that Brand was intoxicated; that this was made an offense by the town ordinances and that thereunder it was the duty of defendant to arrest Brand and that the killing occurred in attempting so to do. "Whether defendant struck Brand once only with his “billy” or repeatedly was in dispute. The evidence of the state tended to show that Brand had jerked away from defendant once or twice; that then defendant struck him at least twice and that when Brand was on his knees with his hand up pleading for time, defendant delivered the fatal blow. On the other hand, defendant testified that when he took hold of Brand and told him to consider himself under arrest, he jerked away twice and then they clinched and, quoting:

“He struck me twice, once on the shoulder and once on the neck. ... I did not hit him with my billy up to the time I threw him over the bank. After he went down over the bank he fell on his knees and I went down in front of him. He put up his hand and says ‘couldn’t you wait a minute.’ I says yes, he got up on his feet, he spilled som>. papers. I then stood there and looked at him. I then grabbed hold of him when he was down off the bank, was going to pull him down and he asked me if I couldn’t wait. . . . After I was trying to pull him down he asked me to wait a minute, he said he would go with me. He got up and walked upon the bank and I picked up his papers and gave them to him. I says Ed come along and go now. He says ‘you damned son-of-a-bitch I won’t do it, I will cut your guts out’ and drew his knife. I hit him at the side of the head, I didn’t aim any more than to prevent him hitting me with the knife.”

1. Criminal law : evidence : motion to strike: no grounds given. I. One Houk was .asked, “What, if anything, did you notice about him (deceased) when you met him at the bam ? ’ ’

A. “Well, he was kind of give out.”

The defendant moved to strike the answer without naming any ground therefor. The motion was rightly overruled.

2. Homicide: evidence: threats of nature1 One Downing was allowed to testify over objection that he and defendant had been talking about a party who had recently been beaten into insensibility in Gravity and that defendant then said he was going to get some „ . . more of them m the same way. This was m the nature of a threat which, though general, might have included deceased and evidence concerning it was for that reason admissible. State v. Windahl, 95 Iowa 470.

3. Criminal law : instructions : objections to before reading: waiver. II. Appellant criticizes several of the instructions, but as exceptions thereto were not preserved in the manner exacted by Secs. 3 and 4 of Chap. 289 of the Acts of the Thirty-fifth General Assembly (Secs. 3705-a and 3705-b, Code Sup. 1913), these cannot be considered. These sections read:

“See. 3. All requests for instructions must be presented to the judge before the argument to the jury is commenced and before reading his charge to the jury. The judge, before reading his charge to the jury, shall present all instructions to counsel on either side, each of whom shall have a reasonable time in which to examine the same. All objections or exceptions thereto must be made before the instructions are read to the jury and must point out the grounds thereof specifically and with reasonable exactness; but upon a showing in a motion for a new trial that an error in such instructions was not discovered by the party claiming the error at the time of trial, such objections or exceptions may be made in the same manner in such motion for a new trial and no other objection or exception to the instructions shall be considered by the supreme court on appeal, except those made as above provided. The objections or exceptions must point out specifically the exact grounds thereof, and no other objections or exceptions shall be considered by the trial court upon motion for a new trial or otherwise, or by the supreme court upon appeal.

‘ ‘ Sec. 4. This act shall not apply to any proceedings had or be given a retroactive effect, save as to actions pending which have not yet been submitted to a jury. ’ ’

uw: instruetions: objections to: when made. No objections or exceptions to instructions were made before these were read and none to the instructions 10 and 16 were mentioned in the motion for new trial. These then cannot be reviewed.

5. Homicide : included offenses : submission of: “manslaughter or nothing.” III. Brand died almost immediately in consequence of the injury inflicted and for this reason there was no error in not submitting included offenses below manslaughter.

6. Homicide : peace officer: self-defense: retreat: as-IV. Complaint is made that the court did not instruct with reference to when a person should- withdraw, from an encounter and when an officer should call assistance. In the 17th instruction the jury was told in sub- . . stance that deiendant m making the arrest , - had the right to meet force with force, and if the resistance were violent and determined, was not bound to make nice calculations as to the degree of force necessary to accomplish the purpose, but might exert such reasonable degree of force as might appear reasonably necessary to make the arrest and prevent escape; though he might not take life or inflict great bodily harm in order to make the arrest unless he has a reasonable apprehension of peril to his own life or of suffering great bodily harm. This sufficiently advised the jury that the officer was not bound to retreat or call for assistance. State v. Weston, 98 Iowa 125; Boykin v. People, 22 Col. 496, 45 Pac. 419; Lynn v. People, 170 Ill. 527, 48 N. E. 964.

_ „atrial - motion of1' iac®daTit hearsay. Y. The day after motion for new trial was overruled and sentence pronounced, defendant filed an amendment to the motion for new trial asking that the judgment be set aside and a new trial awarded on the ground that one the jurors was so unbalanced or deranged of mind that he was unable to intelligently deliberate on the verdict and was incapable of returning the same, and prayed that evidence bearing thereon be received. The motion was rightly overruled for that it was entirely unsupported by any affidavit of facts. True, attorneys for defendant made a showing that they believed upon diligent inquiry they would be able to prove the assertions of the motion. This was based on the merest hearsay, and not sufficient basis on which to impeach a verdict. State v. Tyler, 122 Iowa 125.

8. Criminal law : motion for new trial: when to he made: amendment after judgment. Moreover, the filing of such a motion after judgment is not authorized by the Code (State v. Dudley, 147 Iowa 645, 647), and if ever permissible, even at the same term, must be supported by prima-facie showing of error. This was not done, and there was no error in denying the amendment to the motion. — Affirmed.

Deemer, G-aynor and Withrow, JJ., concur.