State of Iowa v. Lamont Prince Sr. ( 2017 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-1455
Filed August 16, 2017
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
LAMONT PRINCE SR.,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, George L.
Stigler, Judge.
Lamont Prince Sr. appeals his convictions for sexual abuse and incest.
AFFIRMED.
Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Maria L. Ruhtenberg,
Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., Mullins, J., and Goodhue, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2017).
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MULLINS, Judge.
Lamont Prince Sr. was charged with four counts of sexual abuse in the
third degree and four counts of incest stemming from sexual contact with his
daughter, A.P. Prince waived his right to a jury trial. After a bench trial, the
district court returned written guilty verdicts on all eight counts. Prince appeals.
A.P. moved in with Prince and his wife when she was eleven years old.
Roughly a year later, Prince began engaging A.P. in sexual contact. A.P. gave
specific details about several instances of sexual contact with Prince and testified
Prince engaged her in intercourse between forty to fifty times. Eventually A.P.
confided in her peers and her tutor. Several of A.P.’s peers and her tutor testified
A.P. told them she had inappropriate contact with Prince. A State criminalist
testified she found a mixture of bodily fluids on a sheet that included DNA profiles
consistent with Prince and A.P. Prince testified A.P. made it all up and was
trying to break up Prince and his wife. At closing, the prosecution stated A.P.
would not make up such specific details if it did not occur and posed a rhetorical
question asking why A.P. would make up such allegations if they were not true.
The district court filed a written verdict, supported by findings of fact and
conclusions of law. At sentencing, the court noted the charges against Prince
and that the verdict was guilty on each charge. When questioned if this was a
sufficient reading of the verdict, the court declined to provide any more detail.
The court then sentenced Prince to serve not more than twenty years of
incarceration.1
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The court sentenced Prince to ten years on counts one and two to run concurrently
with one another and concurrently with five-year concurrent sentences for counts five
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On appeal, Prince makes several arguments through counsel. First,
Prince argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his trial
counsel failed to object to the prosecution’s statement during closing argument
that A.P. would not make up specific details if they did not happen. Second, the
district court failed to read the verdict in open court. And third, the district court
failed to provide a justification for imposing consecutive sentences. Prince also
raises claims in his pro se brief. He questions the sufficiency of the evidence and
argues he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel for counsel’s failure to
present certain evidence at trial.
We first address his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel when
counsel failed to object to the prosecution’s statement A.P. would not make up
specific details if they did not happen. We may resolve an ineffective-assistance-
of-counsel claim on direct appeal when the record is sufficient to do so. State v.
Maxwell, 743 N.W.2d 185, 195 (Iowa 2008). We review ineffective-assistance-
of-counsel claims de novo. State v. Thorndike, 860 N.W.2d 316, 319 (Iowa
2015). To establish his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, Prince “must
prove: (1) counsel failed to perform an essential duty; and (2) prejudice resulted.”
Maxwell, 743 N.W.2d at 195 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687
(1984)).
Prince asserts the prosecution was vouching for A.P.’s credibility.
Although the prosecutor may not express his personal belief regarding the
and six. Prince was also sentenced to ten years on counts three and four to run
concurrently to each other and concurrently with five-year concurrent sentences for
counts seven and eight. The ten-year sentences for counts one and two were ordered
to be served consecutively to the ten-year sentences for counts three and four.
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credibility of a specific witness, he “may argue the reasonable inferences and
conclusions to be drawn from the evidence.” See State v. Graves, 668 N.W.2d
860, 874 (Iowa 2003) (citing State v. Phillips, 226 N.W.2d 16, 19 (Iowa 1975)).
Here, the prosecution restated A.P.’s testimony about her little brother waking up
in view of A.P. and Prince as they had intercourse. The prosecution noted the
level of detail A.P. was able to recount, and then stated “[A.P.] wouldn’t be
making up such details to the court if it didn’t happen. Who would make up such
a story, talking about when she was [twelve], if this really didn’t happen, she
didn’t really experience this?”
Even if the prosecution’s statement was improper vouching—which we
need not decide—it did not mislead the court, serving as the fact finder, to
convict Prince “for reasons other than the evidence introduced at trial and the
law.” Id. at 877. Because this case proceeded as a bench trial, Prince benefitted
from having a trained legal expert serve as his fact finder. “[L]egal training
assists the fact finder in a bench trial ‘to remain unaffected by matters that should
not influence the determination.’” State v. Bonilla, No. 05-0596, 2006 WL
3313783, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 16, 2006) (quoting State v. Matheson, 684
N.W.2d 243, 244 (Iowa 2004)). We have carefully reviewed the written findings
and conclusions of the district court and find nothing that indicates any reliance
by the court on the prosecution’s statement. Prince cannot show he was
prejudiced by the prosecution’s closing argument.
Prince next claims the verdict was deficient because the court did not
reconvene to read the verdict in open court, as required by Iowa Rule of Criminal
Procedure 2.17(2). “We review interpretations of the Iowa Rules of Criminal
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Procedure for corrections of errors at law.” State v. Jones, 817 N.W.2d 11, 17
(Iowa 2012) (citing State v. Finn, 469 N.W.2d 692, 693 (Iowa 1991)). Rule
2.17(2) states, “In a case tried without a jury the court shall find the facts
specially and on the record, separately stating its conclusions of law and
rendering an appropriate verdict.”
In the present case, the district court wrote and filed lengthy written
findings of fact, conclusions of law, and verdicts on each count, but it did not
reconvene in open court to read the ruling and verdicts. However, this infirmity
may be corrected when the court reads the verdict at sentencing. See id. at 20–
21. “The reading of the verdict in open court would not change the evidence
produced at trial or the verdict rendered by the court.” Id. at 21. While this is not
best practice and does not strictly comply with rule 2.17(2), informing Prince of
the verdicts on the record prior to sentencing was sufficient to remedy the error in
this case.
Prince also challenges the reasoning for imposing consecutive sentences.
We review sentencing decisions for an abuse of discretion. See State v. Evans,
672 N.W.2d 328, 331 (Iowa 2003). Rule 2.23(3)(d) requires the court to “state on
the record its reason for selecting a particular sentence.” This includes “explicitly
stat[ing] the reasons for imposing a consecutive sentence, although in doing so
the court may rely on the same reasons for imposing a sentence of
incarceration.” State v. Hill, 878 N.W.2d 269, 275 (Iowa 2016).
The district court reasoned:
The essence of it is that you now have a global sentence of
ten plus ten with the others being subsumed within that for a
sentence in essence of not more than twenty years. I don’t think
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that forty years is proper in your case, nor do I think it’s proper to go
with the lesser amount than I have indicated to you.
You did commit a violation of trust and you did harm your
daughter in the fashion that has been outlined. I won’t go further
than to indicate that—I think that it is necessary to take the action
that I have taken here.
The court gave specific reasons for the sentence it imposed, including the
type of harm caused and Prince’s violation of his daughter’s trust. The court
wrapped the rationales together, clearly using the same reasoning for imposing
incarceration as it did for imposing consecutive sentences. While this reasoning
is succinct, it is sufficient for our review to determine whether the court exercised
its discretion. See State v. Hennings, 791 N.W.2d 828, 838 (Iowa 2010)
(concluding a terse and succinct justification of sentencing is sufficient).
We next address Prince’s pro se argument questioning the sufficiency of
the evidence. Challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence are reviewed for
legal error. See State v. Webb, 648 N.W.2d 72, 75 (Iowa 2002). Evidence is
sufficient when the quantum and quality of the evidence may “convince a rational
fact finder that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at 76
(citing State v. Heard, 636 N.W.2d 227, 229 (Iowa 2001)). The evidence is
reviewed in the “light most favorable to the State, including legitimate inferences
and presumptions which may fairly and reasonably be deduced from the
evidence in the record.” State v. Leckington, 713 N.W.2d 208, 213 (Iowa 2006)
(citing State v. Casady, 597, N.W.2d 801, 804 (Iowa 1999)).
Prince and A.P. both presented opposing stories. To accept one as true
necessarily required the court to conclude the other was untrue. A.P.’s retelling
included specific details. There is some forensic evidence consistent with A.P.’s
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claim she had intercourse with Prince, though as properly determined by the
district court, it was insufficient upon which to base a guilty verdict. A.P.’s peers
and tutor testified about what A.P. told them several years ago, negating Prince’s
claim A.P. recently fabricated her story. A.P. explained her delayed reporting
was due to her fear of being removed to a group home or shelter and her desire
to keep the family unit intact. There is sufficient evidence supporting his
convictions.
Finally, Prince argues pro se that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel when his counsel did not attempt to use certain evidence to aid in his
defense. He asserts unnamed witnesses should have been subpoenaed,
paperwork from a doctor’s visit should have been submitted, and a jailhouse
recording should have been admitted into evidence. Generally, ineffective-
assistance-of-counsel claims are reserved for postconviction-relief proceedings.
See Maxwell, 743 N.W.2d at 195. We will only address ineffective-assistance-of-
counsel claims on direct appeal when there is a sufficient record. Id. Prince’s
pro se ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are not sufficiently developed for
resolution on direct appeal, and we preserve them for possible postconviction-
relief proceedings. See State v. Johnson, 784 N.W.2d 192, 198 (Iowa 2010).
AFFIRMED.