Adair Holdings, L.L.C., a Nebraska Limited Liability Company v. Roger P. Escher, Mary J. Escher, and Persons in Possession ( 2015 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0477
Filed February 11, 2015
ADAIR HOLDINGS, L.L.C., A Nebraska
Limited Liability Company,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
ROGER P. ESCHER, MARY J. ESCHER,
and PERSONS IN POSSESSION,
Defendants-Appellants.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Washington County, E. Richard
Meadows Jr., Judge.
The defendants appeal from the district court’s ruling in an action to quiet
title. REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.
Dennis J. Mitchell and Sean W. Wandro of Meardon, Sueppel & Downer,
P.L.C., Iowa City, for appellants.
John T. Clendenin and Colin C. Smith of Nyemaster Goode, P.C., Des
Moines, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ.
2
DANILSON, C.J.
Roger and Mary Escher appeal from the district court’s ruling in an action
to quiet title, initiated by Adair Holdings, L.L.C. The Eschers maintain the
affidavit of service was defective and invalidated the tax deed. They also
maintain the district court abused its discretion by allowing the plaintiff to amend
the pleadings at the commencement of trial. Finally, they contend they are
entitled to equitable relief.
We conclude the scrivener’s error in the notary jurat of the affidavit of
service is not a defect that invalidates the tax deed. However, we determine the
district court abused its discretion in allowing the plaintiff to amend the pleadings.
Accordingly, we find it unnecessary to address the Eschers’ claim for equitable
relief. We reverse and remand with directions to dismiss without prejudice.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
The Eschers failed to pay their 2007 property taxes on the land in
question. In June 2009, a non-party, Central Properties, purchased the property
at a tax sale auction, paid the delinquent taxes, and received a tax sale certificate
in return. It held the tax sale certificate on the property for the one year and nine
months, pursuant to Iowa Code section 447.9 (2009).1 The Eschers did not
redeem the property during that period. On January 6, 2012, Central Properties
served a notice of expiration of the right of redemption on the Eschers.
After serving the Eschers with the notice of expiration of the right of
redemption, Central Properties filed an affidavit of service of notice with the
1
The law in effect at the time of the tax sale governs this appeal. See Iowa Code
§ 447.14.
3
Washington County treasurer on February 10, 2012. It is undisputed the affidavit
included an incorrect date in the jurat, listing the year as 2011 rather than 2012.
The filing of the affidavit of service of notice commenced the final ninety-
day redemption period, pursuant to Iowa Code section 447.12. The Eschers did
not redeem the property during the ninety days.
On May 10, 2012, Central Properties assigned its interest in the tax sale
certificate to Adair Holdings, L.L.C., the plaintiff in this matter. The next day, the
plaintiff obtained a tax deed to the property and recorded it in accordance with
the law.
On July 16, 2012, the plaintiff filed a quiet title action against the Eschers.
The second paragraph of the pleadings contained an incorrect legal description
of the property, describing a totally different parcel of land. The correct legal
description was contained in the attachments to the petition, which included the
tax deed, the tax sale certificate, and the previously served notice of right to
redemption.
The case was tried to the district court on October 8, 2013. At the outset
of the trial, the Eschers moved to dismiss the plaintiff’s petition because of the
incorrect legal description in the pleadings. In response, the plaintiff moved to
amend the petition to correct the legal description, and the district court granted
the motion to amend.
The district court issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and ruling
on February 11, 2014. The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, and the Eschers
appeal.
4
II. Standard of Review.
We review the district court’s ruling in a quiet title action de novo.
Stecklein v. City of Cascade, 639 N.W.2d 335, 336 (Iowa 2005). We give weight
to the district court’s findings, but we are not bound by them. Id.We review the trial court’s ruling on a motion to amend pleadings for an
abuse of discretion. See Rife v. D.T. Corner, 641 N.W.2d 761, 766 (Iowa 2002).
We will find an abuse of discretion when the court bases its decision on clearly
untenable grounds or to an extent clearly unreasonable. Id.III. Discussion.
A. Affidavit of Service.
The Eschers maintain the affidavit of service regarding service for the
notice of right of redemption was defective. Specifically, they maintain the notary
portion of the document is incorrectly dated, amounting to a defect that
invalidates the tax deed.
Iowa Code section 447.12 provides, in part, “Service is complete only after
an affidavit has been filed with the county treasurer, showing the making of the
service, the manner of service, the time when and place where made, under
whose direction the service was made, and costs incurred as provided in section
447.13.” This section is “to be strictly construed in favor of the taxpayer.”
Pendergast v. Davenport, 375 N.W.2d 684, 688 (Iowa 1985). If the affidavit of
service “is incomplete or insufficient, the right of redemption is not cut off and no
valid tax deed can be issued.” Id. “[T]he courts are universally inclined to hold
the tax purchaser to a strict compliance with all the statutory provisions by which
5
the right of redemption is to be foreclosed.” Wood v. Yearous, 140 N.W. 362,
364 (Iowa 1913).
However, there is no statutory requirement regarding the jurat of the
affidavit. Here, the affidavit of service correctly stated the making of service, the
manner of service, the time and place where made, under whose direction it was
made, and the costs incurred. Although the affidavit of service is incorrectly
notarized as February 8, 2011, rather than February 8, 2012, the affidavit meets
all of the statutory requirements set forth in section 447.12. The district court
found the scrivener’s error contained in the jurat did not invalidate the tax deed.
We agree. The notary testified that it was a scrivener’s error and the date should
have been February 8, 2012. An error in the date is an amendable defect that
does not render the affidavit void. See Weeks v. Nationwide General Ins. Co.,
500 S.E.2d 620,623 (Ga. Ct. App. 1998); see also Stone v. Miller, 14 N.W. 781,
785 (Iowa 1882) (concluding it was proper to amend affidavits to correct an
omission and clerical error; Dalbey Bros. Lumber Co. v. Crispin, 12 N.W.2d 277,
279 (Iowa 1943) (holding the essential purpose of affidavit is to show the affiant
was sworn by recitals). Because the Eschers do not allege the body of the
affidavit failed to comply with sections 447.12 and 447.13, or that it was sworn,
we find no error.
B. Motion to Amend.
The Eschers also maintain the district court abused its discretion by
granting the plaintiff’s motion to amend the pleadings at the commencement of
the trial. Specifically, the Eschers contend that allowing Adair Holdings to amend
the pleadings to show the correct legal description of the land in question, a
6
different parcel, significantly changed the course of the litigation and substantially
altered their defense strategy. The Eschers also rely upon Iowa Code sections
694.2 and 694.3, which require the premises to be accurately described in the
petition and the notice.
A trial court has considerable discretion in ruling on motions for leave to
amend pleadings. Rife, 641 N.W.2d at 766. Amendments may be allowed at
any time before the case is finally decided, even after completion of the
evidence. Ackerman v. Lauver, 242 N.W.2d 342, 345 (Iowa 1976). “As long as
the amendment does not substantially change the issues or defense of the case,
the court should permit the amendment.” Rife, 641 N.W.2d at 767. In fact,
“[e]ven an amendment that substantially changes the issues may still be allowed
if the opposing party is not prejudiced or unfairly surprised.” Id.The district court’s written response to the defendants’ resistance to the
plaintiff’s motion to amend stated:
. . . . The issues presented in the case are not substantially
changed by the amendment. Although the legal description of the
property involved would change, the underlying issues and cause
of action would remain the same. Even if the amendment could be
regarded as substantially changing the issues of the case,
Defendants cannot seriously argue they were prejudiced or unfairly
surprised by Plaintiff’s proposed amendment Attached to the
Petition were the Tax Deed, the Certification of Purchase from the
Washington County tax sale, and the Notice of Expiration of Right
of Redemption. Both the Tax Deed and the Notice of Expiration of
Right of Redemption contained the correct legal description.
Additionally, the Certificate of Purchase from the Washington
County tax sale contained a correct abbreviated legal description,
the VIN number of the property, and a parcel number particular to
the property at issue.
Defendants came to trial adequately prepared to dispute
Plaintiff’s claim to the property bearing the correct legal description.
In fact, all evidence presented at trial, from both sides, relates to
the real property with the proper legal description. No evidence
7
was presented relating to the real property with the legal description
listed in paragraph two of Plaintiff’s Complaint. Further, Defendants
did not ask for additional time to prepare due to surprise or
prejudice, or even argue that they were surprised. CF. Ackerman,
242 N.W.2d at 345 (finding that trial court did not abuse its
discretion in granting leave to amend where party claiming surprise
and lack of opportunity to defend because of proposed amendment
did not ask for a continuance to eliminate those problems.)
After reviewing the record, we disagree. We believe a quiet title action
that references the wrong parcel of land as opposed to a minor correction or
typographical error, substantially changes the issues in such a proceeding. We
think the pleading and notice were deficient to the extent the motion should have
been denied.
First, we are not convinced a motion to amend alleviates the failure to give
notice of the action containing an accurate description of the property. See Iowa
Code § 649.3 (“The notice in such action shall accurately describe the property,
and, in general terms, the nature and extent of the plaintiff’s claims, and shall be
served as in other cases.”). We assume our legislature intended to require
ample notice to a defendant facing a quiet title action involving his or her real
estate interests or claims by specifically reciting what should be in the notice.
Here, the notice to quit recites the wrong description, and the original notice fails
to include any of the requirements of section 649.3.
Secondly, our supreme court has noted that although a particular property
description is generally not required in a petition, a statute may require it.
Hagenson v. United Tel. Co. of Iowa., 164 N.W.2d 853, 858 (Iowa 1969)
(concluding a petition alleging trespass was not fatally descriptive for failing to
reasonably describe the property). Here, section 649.2 requires a description “as
8
accurately as may be.” “[A] description is bad which is uncertain, erroneous, or
misleading.” Hangenson, 164 N.W.2d at 858. The petition filed in this action
was both erroneous and misleading because the petition and its attachments
referenced two different parcels.
Third, we are not convinced that Adair Holdings was entitled to move to
amend the petition particularly where it admits the legal description was in error.
It is axiomatic and fundamental law that the “plaintiffs must secure a decree
quieting their title on the strength of their own title and not on the weakness of the
adversary.” Reutter v. Middlebrook, 131 N.W.2d 817, 820 (Iowa 1964). Further,
Iowa Code section 649.1 states that a quiet title action “may be brought by
anyone whether in or out of possession, having or claiming interest therein.”
(emphasis added). Thus, the plaintiff must claim an interest in the property
identified in the petition and, to succeed, must rely on the strength of their own
title. Where the wrong parcel is described in a quiet title petition, did Adair
Holdings even have an interest in the property identified in the petition? If Adair
Holdings did not have any interest in the property identified in the petition and
upon which this action was initiated, how may we say they are entitled to amend
the petition? Again, we may reach a different result if the description error was
insubstantial or simply a minor typographical error.
We conclude, because this was a quiet title action and the petition
described the wrong parcel of land, the issues were substantially changed.
Moreover, the notice did not comply with Iowa Code section 649.3. Under these
facts and for the reasons given, we are unable to conclude the motion to amend
was properly granted because of lack of prejudice, unfair surprise, or the failure
9
to seek a continuance. Accordingly, we conclude the district court abused its
discretion in granting the plaintiff’s motion to amend.
IV. Conclusion.
We find the scrivener’s error in the notary jurat of the affidavit of service is
not a defect which invalidates the tax deed, but the district court abused its
discretion in allowing the plaintiff to amend the pleadings. Accordingly, we need
not address the Eschers’ claim for equitable relief. We remand with directions to
the district court to enter an order in compliance with this ruling and granting the
Eschers’ motion to dismiss. However, the dismissal shall be without prejudice.
Costs shall be assessed to the plaintiff.
REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.