Dan Dorris v. State of Iowa ( 2021 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 20-0479
Filed December 15, 2021
DAN DORRIS,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Richard H.
Davidson, Judge.
Dan Dorris appeals the denial of his second application for postconviction
relief. AFFIRMED.
Justin R. Wyatt of Woods, Wyatt & Tucker, PLLC, Glenwood, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Bower, C.J., and Greer and Badding, JJ.
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BADDING, Judge.
With the hope that DNA testing of a pay phone receiver and cord would
exonerate him, Dan Dorris filed his second postconviction relief application more
than two decades after his convictions for first-degree murder and willful injury in
the 1998 shooting death of Timothy Osbourn. The district court found that Dorris’s
application was time-barred under Iowa Code section 822.3 (2018) despite his
claim that his trial and postconviction relief counsel were ineffective. We agree
and affirm the court’s summary disposition of Dorris’s application.
Timothy Osbourn was shot dead in 1998 while walking near his home. After
the shooting, witnesses saw two men get into a car that was parked the wrong way
on the street and drive to a nearby pay phone. The driver of the car got out, used
the phone, and then drove away with the other man. The phone receiver and cord
were collected as evidence and tested for fingerprints. A latent fingerprint and
palm print were recovered. Neither matched Dorris. He was nevertheless arrested
for Osbourn’s murder after a witness told police that he was with Dorris when he
shot Osbourn.
Dorris’s trial counsel elected to defend him using an “alternative shooter”
strategy. They considered having the prints recovered from the phone receiver
and cord compared against other suspects in the murder but decided not to
because, as one of the attorneys explained,
We couldn’t be 100 percent sure that if we tested it, that the
answer we would get would help us, so we can not test it and argue,
look, the State didn’t even bother to test this; you know, the real
shooter’s fingerprints are probably on it, or if we test it and they’re
not on it, we don’t get to argue that anymore.
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In Dorris’s direct appeal from his convictions, he raised multiple claims of
ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Dorris (Dorris I), No. 98-1904, 2000 WL
1005436, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. June 28, 2000). We affirmed his convictions, finding
“the State laid out overwhelming evidence of Dorris’s guilt,” but preserved his
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims for postconviction relief. Id. at *3-4.
Dorris filed his first postconviction relief application in 2003. The protracted
proceedings spanned twelve years and three different attorneys before the
application was denied in February 2016. One of the issues in Dorris’s first
postconviction action was whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing “to have
the phone receiver checked for the fingerprints” of two other suspects.
Postconviction counsel was able to have that testing completed which, as Dorris’s
trial counsel feared, showed neither suspect’s prints matched those recovered
from the receiver and cord. This court affirmed the denial of Dorris’s postconviction
relief application in Dorris v. State (Dorris II), No. 16-0488, 2017 WL 104948, at *1
(Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 17, 2017). Procedendo issued on March 2, 2017.
Dorris filed a second postconviction application in October 2018, claiming
he received ineffective assistance of trial and postconviction counsel. Focusing
again on the phone receiver and cord, Dorris alleged exculpatory DNA evidence
“may exist” on those items. After an unreported hearing, the district court granted
the State’s motion for summary disposition and denied Dorris’s motion for DNA
testing. The court determined that Dorris’s claim was based on a ground of fact
that could have been raised within three years from when procedendo issued after
his direct appeal and was therefore barred by section 822.3. The court also found
that Dorris failed to show his counsel was ineffective by not requesting DNA testing
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because, given the evidence of his guilt, there is no reasonable probability that he
would not have been convicted even if another person’s DNA was on the evidence.
On appeal, Dorris challenges the determination that (1) his second
postconviction relief action is untimely, (2) the failure to formally report the hearing,
and (3) the denial of his application for DNA testing. We review summary
disposition of a postconviction action for errors at law. See Schmidt v. State, 909
N.W.2d 778, 784 (Iowa 2018). To the extent that Dorris claims ineffective
assistance of counsel, our review is de novo. See State v. Harris, 891 N.W.2d
182, 185 (Iowa 2017). Dorris must show both that his trial counsel failed to perform
an essential duty and that this failure resulted in prejudice. See id. To establish
prejudice, Dorris must show “there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Id. at 185-86 (citation omitted).
I. Timeliness
When Dorris filed his second postconviction relief application, Iowa Code
section 822.3 required that all “applications must be filed within three years from
the date the conviction or decision is final or, in the event of an appeal, from the
date the writ of procedendo is issued.” The statute goes on to provide that this
limitation “does not apply to a ground of fact or law that could not have been raised
within the applicable time period.” Iowa Code § 822.3. The district court found
Dorris’s claims were untimely because he could have raised them within that
period, which expired in 2003. But Dorris contends that his claims fall under the
exception set forth in Allison v. State, 914 N.W.2d 866, 891 (Iowa 2018), which
held
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that where a PCR petition alleging ineffective assistance of trial
counsel has been timely filed per section 822.3 and there is a
successive PCR petition alleging postconviction counsel was
ineffective in presenting the ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel
claim, the timing of the filing of the second PCR petition relates back
to the timing of the filing of the original PCR petition for purposes of
Iowa Code section 822.3 if the successive PCR petition is filed
promptly after the conclusion of the first PCR action.
Id. (emphasis added).1 Dorris cannot claim the benefit of this relation-back
doctrine because his successive postconviction application was not filed promptly
after the conclusion of his first. Unlike Allison, where the second postconviction
relief action was filed less than two months after this court affirmed the denial of
the first, Dorris waited more than eighteen months to initiate his second application.
This court has “repeatedly concluded that ‘delays [of] one year or more’ are not
sufficiently ‘prompt’” to fall under the Allison exception. Johnson, 2021 WL
210700, at *2 (citation omitted). Because the second application was not “promptly
filed” after the conclusion of the first, the exception set forth in Allison is
inapplicable.
1 After Dorris filed his second postconviction relief application, the legislature
effectively abrogated the Allison holding by amending section 822.3 to state a
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in a prior action “shall not toll or extend
the limitation periods in this section nor shall such claim relate back to a prior filing
to avoid the application of the limitation periods.” See 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 149, § 8.
Questions remain as to whether the amended legislation applies to applications
that, like Dorris’s second application, were pending when it took effect. See, e.g.,
Moon v. State, No. 19-2037, 2021 WL 610195, at *4 n.6 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 17,
2021) (“This amendment appears to abrogate Allison, although it is not yet clear
what PCR applications the amended legislation affects.”); Johnson v. State,
No. 19-1949, 2021 WL 210700, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2021) (“There is a
question, however, as to whether the amendment applies to Johnson’s case, which
was filed in June 2019.”). But the State does not dispute that Allison applies, and
its application has no bearing on the outcome.
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II. Unreported Hearing
Dorris next contends the district court erred by failing to formally report the
hearing on his motion for scientific testing and the State’s motion for summary
disposition. He relies on Iowa Code section 822.7, which states that a record of
the postconviction-relief proceedings “shall be made and preserved.” But formal
reporting is statutorily required only for the evidentiary hearing on the merits of a
postconviction-relief claim. See Arnold v. State, 540 N.W.2d 243, 246 (Iowa 1995).
The court did not err by conducting the hearing without formal reporting.
Dorris also contends his postconviction counsel was ineffective by failing to
demand that the proceedings be reported. Without further explanation, Dorris
argues “his application for postconviction relief would have been granted had there
been a formal record.” The remedy to Dorris’s concern lies in Iowa Rule of
Appellate Procedure 6.806, which allows a party “to create a record of a hearing
or trial for which a transcript is unavailable if a party deems it necessary to
complete the record on appeal.” Dorris did not avail himself of this remedy, and
he fails to show how his counsel was ineffective by failing to demand formal
reporting. See State v. Astello, 602 N.W.2d 190, 198 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999)
(“[Defendant] must state the specific ways in which counsel’s performance was
inadequate and identify how competent representation probably would have
changed the outcome.”).
III. DNA Testing
Finally, Dorris claims his postconviction counsel failed to brief or sufficiently
explain his application for scientific testing as required by Iowa Code section 81.10
in two respects. First, he contends that counsel failed to state “[w]hether any
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issues of police or prosecutor misconduct have been raised in the past or are being
raised by the application.” Iowa Code § 81.10(2)(g). On appeal following the
denial of his first postconviction relief action, Dorris alleged his postconviction
counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate whether prosecutorial misconduct
occurred based on the prosecutor’s convictions for mishandling drug evidence ten
years after Dorris’s convictions. We rejected this claim because Dorris did not
make “any showing of how the prosecutor’s subsequent legal problems impacted
Dorris’s criminal trial many years earlier.” Dorris II, 2017 WL 104948, at *4.
Dorris also contends his postconviction counsel failed to explain “why the
requested DNA profiling of the forensic sample is material to the issue in the case
and not merely cumulative or impeaching.” Iowa Code § 81.10(2)(k). He
speculates that DNA testing of the phone receiver would show the DNA of the
State’s main witness.2 Dorris concedes that this court found overwhelming
evidence of his guilt on direct appeal. Dorris I, 2000 WL 1005436, at *3. But he
argues that the presence of the witness’s DNA on the receiver would show the
witness lied, thus undermining confidence in his conviction.
In rejecting Dorris’s request for DNA testing, the court explained why the
DNA test results would not have changed the outcome of trial:
[T]he facts relied upon by the jury and the court included Dorris’s own
admissions to multiple people that he had shot Osbourne. In
addition, witnesses saw Dorris with a gun following the shooting as
well as witness’s testimony that they saw Dorris throw the gun into
the river. Any possible evidence of another person’s DNA on the
phone receiver would not prove that Dorris did not shoot the victim.
2 We note that speculation that DNA testing could be exculpatory is not sufficient
to avoid summary disposition. See Cannon v. State, No. 17-0888, 2018 WL
2727723, at *1 n.2 (Iowa Ct. App. June 6, 2018).
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We concur with this assessment. Even if we assume DNA testing would show this
witness’s DNA on the phone receiver, it does not undermine our confidence in the
verdict in light of the overall evidence of Dorris’s guilt.
AFFIRMED.