Chester Howard Greenup v. State of Iowa ( 2021 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-1597
Filed April 14, 2021
CHESTER HOWARD GREENUP,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Scott D. Rosenberg,
Judge.
Chester Greenup appeals the summary disposition of his application for
postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.
Raya D. Dimitrova of Carr Law Firm, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Linda J. Hines, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Bower C.J., Doyle, J., and Scott, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2021).
2
SCOTT, Senior Judge.
I. Background
In 1999, a jury found Chester Greenup guilty of first-degree kidnapping, first-
degree theft, and eluding. On direct appeal, he challenged the sufficiency of the
evidence as to the kidnapping conviction and made claims of ineffective assistance
of counsel. State v. Greenup, No. 99-0256, 2000 WL 852799, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App.
June 28, 2000). We affirmed the conviction but preserved the ineffective-
assistance claims for postconviction relief (PCR). Id. at *2–3. Procedendo issued
in September 2000.
Greenup filed a PCR application about a year later, the 2007 denial of which
was affirmed by this court on appeal. See generally Greenup v. State, No. 07-
0542, 2008 WL 4569878 (Iowa Ct. App. Oct. 15, 2008). He filed a second
application in 2015, it was denied, and we affirmed. See generally Greenup v.
State, No. 16-0826, 2017 WL 3505293 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 16, 2017).
Greenup filed the application precipitating this appeal in early August 2018.
He alleged “ineffective assistance of successive PCR counsel” and claimed he
was excepted from the statute of limitations based on the supreme court’s recent
decision in Allison v. State,1 which was filed in late June 2018. He specifically
1 See 914 N.W.2d 866, 891 (Iowa 2018) (holding that where a timely PCR
application is filed within the statute of limitations alleging ineffective assistance of
trial counsel and a successive application is filed that alleges ineffective assistance
of PCR counsel in presenting the ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel claim
during the first PCR proceeding, then the filing of the second application relates
back to the time of the filing of the original application so long as the successive
application is filed promptly after the conclusion of the original action); see also
Iowa Code § 822.3 (2018) (noting “applications must be filed within three years
from the date the conviction or decision is final or, in the event of an appeal, from
the date the writ of procedendo is issued”).
3
alleged his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to a kidnapping
instruction that failed to include the State v. Rich tripartite intensifiers and all
subsequent counsel were ineffective in failing to raise the issue. See 305 N.W.2d
739, 745 (Iowa 1981) (concluding “confinement” or “removal” under section 710.1
“require[s] more than the confinement or removal that is an inherent incident of
commission of the crime of sexual abuse” and “confinement or removal may exist
because it substantially increases the risk of harm to the victim, significantly
lessens the risk of detection, or significantly facilitates escape following the
consummation of the offense” (emphasis added)). He argued his “PCR counsel
denied effective assistance of counsel for failing to properly argue the
aforementioned issues.”
The State filed a motion for summary disposition on statute-of-limitations
grounds. The State argued “relation back is not available to the applicant in this
case because (1) this is not a second application but a third, and (2) neither the
second application nor this third application were promptly filed after the conclusion
of a timely-filed action.” The matter proceeded to hearing, after which the court
entered an order granting the State’s motion for summary disposition. Greenup
appeals.
II. Analysis
A. Disqualification of Appellate Counsel
We begin with an issue that arose while this appeal was pending. Greenup
filed his notice of appeal in September 2019. In November, he filed a combined
pro se motion with the supreme court clerk’s office, forwarding various requests.
The State resisted, and Greenup filed a pro se motion to strike the resistance. In
4
a single-justice order, relying on Iowa Code section 822.3A(1) (Supp. 2019),2
which directs applicants currently represented by counsel to not file any pro se
document in any Iowa court and prevents courts from considering the same, the
supreme court took no action on Greenup’s motions. Greenup requested a three-
justice review, and a three-justice panel confirmed the single-justice order as the
order of the court. After the parties submitted their proof briefs, Greenup filed a
motion for disqualification and removal of his counsel, alleging he filed a complaint
against his attorney for violations of the rules of professional conduct. 3 He
contemporaneously filed a pro se reply brief. After final briefs were submitted,
Greenup’s appellate counsel moved to withdraw, citing her receipt of an ethics
complaint filed by Greenup. Greenup subsequently filed another brief. The
supreme court ordered Greenup’s motion for disqualification and removal and
counsel’s motion to withdraw be submitted with this appeal.
The court may only grant a motion seeking disqualification of counsel upon
a showing of good cause. Iowa Code § 822.3A(3). Because Greenup is still
represented by counsel, with exception to his motion to disqualify, we are
statutorily prohibited from considering any of Greenup’s pro se filings, including his
other motions, memorandums, letters, or pro se briefs. See id. § 822.3A(1), (3).
Our statutory authority to consider those other items does not trigger until Greenup
2 The statute became effective July 1, 2019, roughly two months before the court
entered judgment on Greenup’s application. See 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 140, § 35;
see also State v. Macke, 933 N.W.2d 226, 228 (Iowa 2019) (“[S]tatutes controlling
appeals are those that were in effect at the time the judgment or order appealed
from was rendered.” (citation omitted)).
3 Greenup cited Iowa Code section 814.6A(3) in support of his request, which
allows a defendant to seek disqualification of counsel based upon good cause.
Section 822.3A(3) is the PCR counterpart to section 814.6A(3).
5
is no longer represented by counsel. See id. So we limit our good-cause
determination to his motion and memorandum to disqualify. In his motion,
Greenup simply stated: “[D]ue to a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship,
several violations of the Iowa Rules of Professional Conduct, a pending complaint
with the Iowa State Bar Association and a significant conflict of interest,
disqualification of current counsel is appropriate.” In his memorandum in support
of his motion, he also vaguely stated he “submitted an ethics complaint against
[counsel] alleging various violations of the Iowa Rules of Professional Conduct
involving her handling of matter’s associated with this appeal.” Greenup submits
counsel now has a conflict of interest in representing him.
Our supreme court has yet to accept an opportunity to establish the
parameters of good cause under section 822.3A(3), nor is it statutorily defined.
“Good cause is defined in a variety of ways elsewhere in the Iowa Code and Rules
of Procedure.” State v. Damme, 944 N.W.2d 98, 104 (Iowa 2020); accord id. at
n.2 (collecting authorities on the issue of good cause). What we do know is what
constitutes good cause is context-specific and commonly means “[a] legally
sufficient reason.” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Good Cause, Black’s Law
Dictionary (11th ed. 2019)). Iowa Rule of Professional Conduct 32:1.16(b)(7) also
permits counsel to withdraw if “good cause for withdrawal exists.”
Here, the basis for Greenup’s request for disqualification is that he and his
counsel will be “adverse witnesses” in the ethical complaint proceeding. There is
no allegation of a conflict of interest in counsel’s ongoing representation of
Greenup in this appeal. In fact, counsel completed the bulk of her work on this
case and filed her proof brief prior to Greenup’s request for disqualification, and
6
this matter has been submitted to us without oral argument, so counsel will not be
providing any additional services that may be tainted by an alleged conflict. So we
find no conflict of interest as it relates to counsel’s representation of Greenup in
this appeal and, consequently, no legally sufficient reason to grant Greenup’s
motion for disqualification. Our disposition on the merits, below, also negates good
cause, as it disposes of all of Greenup’s preserved claims he made below. We
deny the motion for disqualification and motion to withdraw.
B. Merits
We turn to whether summary disposition was appropriate based on the
three-year statute of limitations contained in Iowa Code section 822.3. We choose
to bypass the State’s error-preservation argument and proceed to the merits. See
State v. Taylor, 596 N.W.2d 55, 56 (Iowa 1999). We ordinarily review summary
disposition rulings in PCR proceedings for legal error, but our review is de novo
when claims of ineffective assistance of counsel come into play. Linn v. State, 929
N.W.2d 717, 729 (Iowa 2019).
Under former law, ineffective assistance of PCR counsel could not “serve
as an exception to the three-year statute of limitations” and allow for the filing of a
successive application outside of the limitations period. See Dible v. State, 557
N.W.2d 881, 886 (Iowa 1996), abrogated on other grounds by Harrington v. State,
659 N.W.2d 509, 520 (Iowa 2003). Shortly before Greenup filed the application
precipitating this appeal, the Allison court ruled successive applications are timely
if filed “promptly” after the conclusion of the original PCR action. 914 N.W.2d at
891. Allison only applies when a PCR application alleging ineffective assistance
of trial counsel is timely filed and a successive application alleging ineffective
7
assistance of first PCR counsel is promptly filed after the original action. Id. The
application before us was not filed promptly after the conclusion of the original
proceeding, nor was his second application, so the time of filing of the application
before us does not relate back. See, e.g., Polk v. State, No. 18-0309, 2019 WL
3945964, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 21, 2019) (noting a gap in the neighborhood of
six months does not meet the definition of prompt); see also Johnson v. State,
No. 19-1949, 2021 WL 210700, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2021) (collecting
cases on the meaning of “filed promptly”).4
Greenup also argued below that Allison amounts to a new ground of law
that could not have been raised earlier and should except him from the statute of
limitations. See Iowa Code § 822.3 (noting the statute of limitations “does not
apply to a ground of . . . law that could not have been raised within the applicable
time period”). Assuming without deciding that is true, we still conclude Greenup is
4 We note section 822.3 was amended, effective July 1, 2019, before judgment on
Greenup’s application was entered, to arguably overrule Allison outright, to
provide: “An allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel in a prior case under
this chapter shall not toll or extend the limitation periods in this section nor shall
such claim relate back to a prior filing to avoid the application of the limitation
periods.” 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 140, § 34. As noted, the supreme court has ruled
“statutes controlling appeals are those that were in effect at the time the judgment
or order appealed from was rendered.” Macke, 933 N.W.2d at 228 (citation
omitted). Because the State “assumes, without conceding, that the amendment
does not apply to actions filed before the effective date,” we do not consider the
applicability of the amendment. See Palmer v. State, No. 19-1487, 2021 WL
811161, at *1 n.1 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 3, 2021) (noting ruling was filed after effective
date of amendment but not addressing it based on agreement with district court
that Allison did not save the application); Moon v. State, No. 19-2037, 2021 WL
610195, at *4 n.6 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 17, 2021) (“This amendment appears to
abrogate Allison, although it is not yet clear what PCR applications the amended
legislation applies to.”); Johnson v. State, No. 19-1949, 2021 WL 210700, at *3
(Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2021) (finding it unnecessary to address the amendment’s
applicability because application was time-barred under either the prior or new
version of the statute).
8
not entitled to relief on his claim at any stage that his trial counsel was ineffective
in failing to obtain a kidnapping instruction including the Rich intensifiers. To
succeed on an ineffective-assistance claim, Greenup must show (1) his counsel
failed to perform an essential duty and (2) prejudice resulted. State v. Warren, ___
N.W.2d ___, ___, 2021 WL 833551, at *6 (Iowa 2021). Failure to prove either will
preclude relief. State v. McNeal, 897 N.W.2d 697, 703 (Iowa 2017).
In assessing the sufficiency of the evidence supporting Greenup’s
kidnapping conviction on direct appeal, we specifically applied the Rich tripartite
test, and we concluded Greenup confined his victim “for a longer period of time
than was necessary to commit the sexual assault and theft,” he “substantially
increased the risk of harm to [the victim] by leaving her in an unfamiliar area,” and
his actions were “indicative of intent to avoid detection and facilitate escape.”
Greenup, 2000 WL 852799, at *2. So, assuming without deciding that trial counsel
breached an essential duty in failing to obtain a kidnapping instruction including
the Rich intensifiers, any prejudice dissolved when we applied the tripartite test on
direct appeal and found it satisfied. With that holding in mind, no subsequent
counsel was under any duty to raise the issue.
III. Conclusion
We deny Greenup’s motion to disqualify appellate counsel and counsel’s
motion to withdraw. We affirm the summary disposition of Greenup’s PCR
application.
AFFIRMED.