State v. Killman ( 2021 )

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
No. 123,156
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS
STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,
v.
SCOTT ALLEN KILLMAN,
Appellant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appeal from Butler District Court; JANETTE L. SATTERFIELD, judge. Opinion filed May 28, 2021.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
Submitted by the parties for summary disposition pursuant to K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 21-6820(g) and
(h).
Before POWELL, P.J., MALONE and GARDNER, JJ.
POWELL, J.: Scott Allen Killman appeals the district court's revocation of his
probation and imposition of his underlying sentence. We granted Killman's motion for
summary disposition pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 7.041A (2021 Kan. S. Ct. R. 48).
In its response, the State agrees with summary disposition but asks that we affirm the
district court. However, because Killman did not receive all the intermediate sanctions he
was entitled to before having his probation revoked, we must reverse and remand.
On February 26, 2018, Killman pled guilty to one count of felony possession of
methamphetamine, one count of misdemeanor theft, and one count of misdemeanor
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possession of paraphernalia. The district court sentenced Killman to 30 months in prison
but, pursuant to Senate Bill 123, granted him probation from that sentence for 18 months.
On May 17, 2019, Killman violated his probation. The district court ordered him
to serve a 2-day intermediate jail sanction while extending his probation 12 months.
On December 16, 2019, the State sought to revoke Killman's probation on the
grounds he had failed to report and had not completed drug treatment. At the probation
violation hearing held on June 19, 2020, Killman stipulated to violating his probation.
The district court revoked Killman's probation and ordered him to serve a modified lesser
sentence of 24 months in prison.
Killman now appeals the revocation of his probation, arguing the district court
abused its discretion by doing so. Once a probation violation has been established, the
decision to revoke probation is within the sound discretion of the district court. See State
v. Skolaut, 286 Kan. 219, 227, 182 P.3d 1231 (2008); see also State v. Coleman, 311 Kan.
332, 334, 460 P.3d 828 (2020) (propriety of sanction reviewed for abuse of discretion).
Judicial discretion is abused if the decision is (1) arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable; (2)
based on a legal error; or (3) based on a factual error. State v. Gonzalez-Sandoval, 309
Kan. 113, 126-27, 431 P.3d 850 (2018). Killman bears the burden to establish an abuse of
discretion. See State v. Anderson, 291 Kan. 849, 855, 249 P.3d 425 (2011).
A district court's discretion to revoke a defendant's probation is limited by the
intermediate sanctions requirement contained in K.S.A. 2018 Supp. 22-3716. A district
court must first exhaust the statutorily prescribed intermediate sanctions unless
circumstances exist to support one of the enumerated exceptions contained in K.S.A.
2018 Supp. 22-3716(c)(8) to bypass the intermediate sanctions. See State v. Dooley, 308
Kan. 641, 648-49, 423 P.3d 469 (2018).
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It is undisputed that at Killman's first probation violation hearing, the district court
imposed a two-day intermediate jail sanction. However, at Killman's second hearing,
instead of imposing a second intermediate sanction, the district court revoked Killman's
probation and imposed a lesser sentence.
In Coleman, 311 Kan. at 337, our Supreme Court held the 2017 amendment—
creating an exception to graduated sanctions when probation was originally granted as the
result of a dispositional departure—could not be applied retroactively to offenders whose
crimes of conviction occurred before July 1, 2017, the amendment's effective date.
Shortly after, another panel of our court—following Coleman's reasoning—held the 2019
amendment removing the 120- and 180-day sanctions also did not apply retroactively
because the text of the statute did not show the Legislature intended for the 2019
amendment to apply retroactively. Thus, the 2019 amendment does not apply to an
offender whose crime of conviction was committed before the amendment's July 1, 2019
effective date. State v. Dominguez, 58 Kan. App. 2d 630, 636-37, 473 P.3d 932 (2020).
Killman's crime of conviction occurred on January 14, 2018, before the 2019
amendment removing the 120- and 180-day intermediate prison sanction requirements
from the graduated sanctioning scheme took effect. Compare K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 22-
3716(c) and K.S.A. 2018 Supp. 22-3716(c). Accordingly, given that Killman's crimes of
conviction occurred in January 2018, unless an exception was applicable, Killman had
the right to a second intermediate sanction of either 120 or 180 days in prison before his
probation could be revoked. See K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 22-3716(c)(1)(C)-(D); Dominquez,
58 Kan. App. 2d at 637.
The district court started on the correct path by imposing a two-day jail sanction
for Killman's first probation violation but left the marked trail at Killman's second
probation violation hearing by revoking Killman's probation instead of imposing a second
intermediate sanction. Neither party has argued, nor did the district court find, an
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applicable statutory exception. Thus, the district court lacked the legal authority to revoke
Killman's probation and abused its discretion by doing so.
The district court's revocation of Killman's probation is reversed, the modified
lesser sentence is vacated, and the case is remanded for the district court to impose the
appropriate intermediate sanction unless the district court relies on a valid statutory
ground to bypass intermediate sanctions.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
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