State v. Mullens ( 2020 )

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
No. 121,311
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS
STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,
v.
DEONTA MAURICE MULLENS,
Appellant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appeal from Shawnee District Court; MARK S. BRAUN, judge. Opinion filed April 10, 2020.
Affirmed.
Submitted for summary disposition pursuant to K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 21-6820(g) and (h).
Before MALONE, P.J., LEBEN AND POWELL, JJ.
PER CURIAM: Deonta Mullens appeals the district court's decision to send him to
prison after he violated several conditions of his probation. But the district court granted
probation as a result of a downward departure, so it had discretion to revoke probation
and impose his underlying prison sentence rather than giving him another chance at
probation. When a decision is within the district court's discretion, we generally can
reverse only if no reasonable person would agree with the decision. Here, the court had
given Mullens second and third chances at probation after previous violations, so a
reasonable person could agree with the court that Mullens was not taking these
opportunities seriously and was not a good candidate for continued probation. We
therefore affirm the district court's judgment.
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ANALYSIS
On appeal, Mullens argues that the district court abused its discretion by revoking
his probation and imposing his underlying prison sentence rather than giving him
sanctions and another chance at probation. The legal rules applicable to that argument are
straightforward. A district court's decision to revoke probation must be based on a factual
finding that the defendant violated a condition of probation. Once a violation has been
established, the decision to revoke probation is within the discretion of the district court.
State v. Skolaut, 286 Kan. 219, 227-28, 182 P.3d 1231 (2008); see State v. Graham, 272
Kan. 2, 4, 30 P.3d 310 (2001).
That discretion is limited by the statute governing probation revocation. At the
time of Mullens' revocation, that statute required that the district court impose
intermediate sanctions before ordering the defendant to serve the underlying prison term.
K.S.A. 2018 Supp. 22-3716(b)-(c). But that wasn't required in some cases—for example,
when the district court granted probation as a result of a dispositional departure. K.S.A.
2018 Supp. 22-3716(c)(9)(B). That's what happened here: although the presumed
punishment for Mullens' crime under the sentencing guidelines was imprisonment, the
judge granted probation instead.
Since Mullens was granted probation as a result of a downward departure, the
district court didn't have to impose any intermediate sanctions, and we review its decision
to revoke Mullens' probation for abuse of discretion. Unless the district court has made a
legal or factual error, we may find an abuse of discretion only when no reasonable person
would agree with the decision made by the district court. State v. Jones, 306 Kan. 948,
Syl. ¶ 7, 398 P.3d 856 (2017).
Mullens has not alleged that the district court's decision was based on a factual or
legal error. So he must show that the decision was unreasonable. But this was his third
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violation. He had violated probation twice in less than a year for not reporting to his
probation officer or providing a current address and for using drugs. The district court
could have revoked probation for either violation; it imposed intermediate sanctions
instead and gave Mullens a second and third chance at succeeding on probation. When
Mullens' admitted to a third violation for similar conduct, a reasonable person could
agree with the district court that he wasn't taking these chances seriously and wasn't a
good candidate for continued probation. So we find no abuse of discretion in the district
court's decision to revoke Mullens' probation and impose his 41-month prison sentence.
On Mullens' motion, we accepted this appeal for summary disposition under
K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 21-6820(g) and (h) and Supreme Court Rule 7.041A (2019 Kan. S.
Ct. R. 47). We have reviewed the record available to the sentencing court, and we find no
error in its decision to revoke Mullens' probation.
We affirm the district court's judgment.
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