State of Maine v. Fabien A. Pelletier , 210 A.3d 177 ( 2019 )

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2019 ME 92Docket: Aro-18-172
Argued: May 14, 2019
Decided: June 11, 2019
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
STATE OF MAINE
v.
FABIEN A. PELLETIER
MEAD, J.
[¶1] Fabien A. Pelletier appeals from a judgment of conviction entered
by the trial court (Aroostook County, Stewart, J.) on three counts of gross sexual
assault of a person under the age of fourteen (Class A), 17-A M.R.S.A.
§ 253(1)(B) (Supp. 2002),1 and two counts of unlawful sexual contact (Class C),
17-A M.R.S.A. § 255(1)(C) (Supp. 2002),2 following jury verdicts of guilty on
each offense. Pelletier contends that the prosecutor committed misconduct
during opening statements by telling the jurors that they would hear
1 Title 17-A M.R.S.A. § 253(1)(B) (Supp. 2002) has since been amended. P.L. 2001, ch. 383, § 14
(effective Jan. 31, 2003); P.L. 2003, ch. 711, § B-2 (effective July 30, 2004) (codified as subsequently
amended at 17-A M.R.S. § 253(1)(B) (2018)).
2 Title 17-A M.R.S.A. § 255(1)(C) (Supp. 2002) was repealed and replaced by 17-A M.R.S. § 255-A.
P.L. 2001, ch. 383, §§ 22-23 (effective Jan. 31, 2003) (codified as subsequently amended at
17-A M.R.S. § 255-A (2018)).
2
inculpatory testimony that was ultimately never elicited at trial. He also argues
that the court erred by imposing a sentence within the enhanced range
provided by the version of 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1252(2)(A) that became effective on
September 29, 1995. We affirm the judgment but remand for resentencing.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] “Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, the jury could
rationally have found the following facts beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v.
Olah, 2018 ME 56, ¶ 2, 184 A.3d 360. From 1993 to 1998, two boys who are
related to Pelletier were occasional overnight guests in his home. When the
younger boy was ten years old, Pelletier touched the boy’s penis; additional
sexual assaults occurred during the following weeks, months, and years.
[¶3] In April 2016, the younger boy disclosed the abuse to a counselor
and met with a detective. Following the younger boy’s disclosure, the older boy
spoke with the detective and disclosed that, when he was between the ages of
twelve and fourteen, Pelletier had shown him pornographic videos and
committed sexual assaults against him.
[¶4] Pelletier was charged by criminal complaint with three counts of
gross sexual assault (Class A), 17-A M.R.S.A. § 253(1)(B), and two counts of
unlawful sexual contact (Class C), 17-A M.R.S.A. § 255(1)(C). An indictment for
3
the same charges was returned on September 19, 2016. The indictment alleged
that Pelletier had committed the crimes “[o]n or about between
October 30, 1993 and September 18, 1998, in Wallagrass, Aroostook County,
Maine.”3
[¶5] The court conducted a two-day jury trial on April 9 and 10, 2018. In
his opening statement, having summarized information that he expected to
elicit as testimony from persons who would be witnesses for the State, the
prosecutor told the jurors, “you’re going to hear this testimony and you’re going
to hear that once it came out, [the younger boy] finally told his mother; and his
mother, in reaction, confronted [Pelletier], and confronted him with what her
son and [the older boy] had said had happened. And [Pelletier]’s response was,
don’t worry, it won’t happen again.”
[¶6] The State called both of the boys to the stand, and each testified to
having been sexually abused and assaulted by Pelletier when he was younger
than age fourteen. After the boys testified, the State rested without the younger
boy’s mother taking the stand. The jury returned guilty verdicts on all counts.
3 “[I]f the victim had not attained the age of 16 years at the time of the crime, a prosecution
for . . . unlawful sexual contact . . . or gross sexual assault . . . may be commenced at any time.”
17-A M.R.S. § 8(1) (2018).
4
[¶7] On April 26, 2018, the court held a sentencing hearing. The court
explained that pursuant to the law in effect at the time of Pelletier’s crimes, the
court could not impose a sentence in excess of twenty years unless Pelletier’s
offenses were among the most heinous and violent crimes committed against a
person. The court further stated that heinousness was the court’s finding to
make. It then found that Pelletier’s crimes were heinous and thus were “the
types of crimes that when setting a base sentence would be in excess of
20 years.” The court set a base sentence in the range of twenty years and a day
to twenty-five years and ultimately sentenced Pelletier to twenty-four years, all
but sixteen years suspended, with probation for six years.
[¶8] Pelletier timely appealed and applied for review of his sentence. See
15 M.R.S. §§ 2115, 2151 (2018); M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(1). The Sentence Review
Panel granted Pelletier leave to appeal from his sentence, see 15 M.R.S. § 2152
(2018), permitting the discretionary sentence appeal to be considered as part
of Pelletier’s direct appeal from the judgment of conviction, see
M.R. App. P. 20(g), (h); see also State v. Pelletier, No. SRP-18-171
(Me. Sent. Rev. Panel July 19, 2017).
5
II. DISCUSSION
A. Prosecutorial Misconduct
[¶9] Pelletier first argues that “[t]he prosecutor engaged in misconduct
that prejudiced Pelletier when he alluded to a supposed confession of Pelletier
in his opening statement without ever presenting any testimony to support that
contention.” Because Pelletier did not object at trial to what he contends on
appeal was prosecutorial misconduct, we review for obvious error. See State v.
Nobles, 2018 ME 26, ¶ 21, 179 A.3d 910; State v. Rainey, 580 A.2d 682, 686
(Me. 1990); M.R.U. Crim. P. 52(b). “To demonstrate obvious error, the
defendant must show that there is (1) an error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that
affects substantial rights. Even if these three conditions are met, we will set
aside a jury’s verdict only if we conclude that (4) the error seriously affects the
fairness and integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” State v.
Lajoie, 2017 ME 8, ¶ 22, 154 A.3d 132 (citation and quotation marks omitted).
[¶10] “It is improper for an attorney to refer to any testimony or to assert
any facts in his opening statement unless, in good faith, he reasonably believes
that supporting evidence will be offered and admitted at trial.” State v. Bernier,
486 A.2d 147, 149 (Me. 1985); see also Rainey, 580 A.2d at 686-87 (holding that
there was no error in a prosecutor’s reference during opening statements to a
6
fact later found to be inadmissible when “the prosecutor had a reasonable belief
that the testimony would be offered and admitted at trial”). As the Supreme
Court of the United States has recognized, “[m]any things might happen during
the course of the trial which would prevent the presentation of all the evidence
described in advance.” Frazier v. Cupp, 394 U.S. 731, 736 (1969).
[¶11] Here, the State indicated in its opening statement that the younger
victim’s mother would testify; however, during the presentation of its
case-in-chief, after the prosecutor stated that the mother would be the State’s
next witness, the court took a recess. Following the recess, the State rested.
The record does not contain an explanation as to why the State did not call the
mother as a witness as it had planned. See M.R. App. P. 5(a). Pelletier contends
that the State “made a tactical decision not to call the mother as a witness in its
case-in-chief, though she was the only witness who could establish—
theoretically—what Pelletier told her. The State’s choice to reference
Pelletier’s supposed admission in its opening, therefore, was not made in good
faith.” However, by not offering any record evidence to show that the State
knew at the time the prosecutor made the statement during his opening that it
would not call the mother as a witness, Pelletier has failed to establish that the
State lacked a good faith belief that the mother would testify as it expected. See
7
State v. Gordon, 321 A.2d 352, 366 (Me. 1974). Consequently, Pelletier has not
demonstrated obvious error.
B. Sentencing
[¶12] Next, Pelletier challenges the process used by the sentencing court,
arguing that his right to a jury trial was violated when the court enhanced the
penalty for Pelletier’s crime beyond what was statutorily authorized after
finding an additional fact not pleaded and proved to the jury.4 The State
concedes and joins the request to remand the matter for resentencing at which
time it confirms that it will not seek a sentence beyond twenty years.5
The entry is:
Sentence vacated. Judgment affirmed in all other
respects. Remanded for resentencing.
4 Pelletier also challenges his sentence by arguing that the court abused its discretion in
considering subjective victim impact when setting his basic term of imprisonment. See 17-A M.R.S.
§ 1252-C (2018). “In determining the basic term the court is not to consider the subjective impact of
the crime on the victim but it may take into account objective factors.” State v. Reese, 2010 ME 30,
¶ 18, 991 A.2d 806. Contrary to Pelletier’s contention, the record demonstrates that the court stated
the facts that it was considering in setting the base sentence and those facts appropriately focused
on the objective nature of Pelletier’s conduct.
At oral argument, the State further acknowledged that it had not pleaded any sentencing
5
enhancement factors.
8
Tina Heather Nadeau, Esq. (orally), The Law Office of Tina Heather Nadeau,
PLLC, Portland, for appellant Fabien Pelletier
Todd R. Collins, District Attorney (orally), and James Mitchell, Asst. Dist. Atty.,
Prosecutorial District No. 8, Caribou, for appellee State of Maine
Aroostook County Unified Criminal Docket docket number CR-2016-20258
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY