Eddie Hall v. State of Mississippi , 201 So. 3d 424 ( 2016 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2014-KA-00986-SCT
EDDIE HALL a/k/a EDDIE TERRELL HALL
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/23/2013
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. EDDIE H. BOWEN
TRIAL COURT ATTORNEYS: DANIEL JONES
WENDELL JAMES
FRANK C. JONES
WILLIAM FRANKLIN JORDAN
CATOUCHE BODY
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: COVINGTON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: DONALD W. BOYKIN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: ABBIE EASON KOONCE
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: DANIEL CHRISTOPHER JONES
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 10/13/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: 04/14/2016
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE DICKINSON AND RANDOLPH, P.JJ., AND KITCHENS, J.
RANDOLPH, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. The motion for rehearing is granted. The previous opinion of this Court is withdrawn,
and the following opinions are substituted therefor. Eddie Hall was convicted of murdering
Johnny “Tubby” Hubbard in the Black Cat community of Covington County, Mississippi.
The jury received eyewitness testimony that when a fight broke out at the end of a horse
show, Hall retrieved a gun from his trailer and shot Tubby twice as Tubby attempted to break
up the fight and leave the scene. On appeal, Hall argues that the judge made errors during the
jury selection process and that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. We affirm Hall’s
conviction and life sentence.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS BELOW
¶2. While qualifying the jury, the judge asked potential jurors, “have any of you ever been
convicted of a crime that is punishable by imprisonment in this state’s penitentiary, or any
other state’s penitentiary, or in the Federal Court system? Please stand.” The judge’s
exchange with one prospective juror went as follows:
THE COURT: And what were you convicted of?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Drugs.
THE COURT: In what State?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Mississippi.
THE COURT: Is that in State court or federal?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Federal.
THE COURT: All right. You’re discharged. Thank you.
¶3. As the judge continued to screen potential jurors, the State requested leave to
approach the bench, and the following sidebar conversation took place:
DEFENSE: I apologize, Your Honor. He was doing this at my
suggestion. I have spoken with my client. And my client
would like to make an open plea to manslaughter if he
may.
STATE: Judge, it’s your court. You tell me. We are ready to go.
THE COURT: You know, I’m not going to entertain that.
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The sidebar conversation concluded and qualification of jurors resumed.
¶4. After the jury was selected, testimony commenced. Two eyewitnesses to the fatal
shooting were Rufus Hubbard and Michael Hubbard, the victim’s uncle and first cousin,
respectively. They related that a horse show was held in the Black Cat community of
Covington County on September 16, 2012. Rufus met Hall for the first time the day of the
show. Michael had known Hall for six or seven years. At twilight, a fight broke out among
a group of fifty to one hundred people after they returned from a trail ride. Hall retrieved a
revolver from his trailer and fired it into the air, instructing people to leave immediately.
Tubby, who was attempting to help break up the fight, got into his truck and started to drive
away. But Hall evidently had taken offense at Tubby, for reasons unclear in the record. After
shouting something to the effect of “[t]hat sumbitch hit my old lady,” Hall fired a shot into
the windshield of Tubby’s truck before walking around and firing a second shot at Tubby
through the passenger side.1 The first shot grazed Tubby’s cheek. The second shot hit his
upper arm. Michael testified that he confronted Hall and asked “what’s going on?” Hall
replied “you want to get shot too?” Tubby fled the truck and ran into the woods. Hall then
shouted something to the effect of “let’s go get the sumbitch, he went in the woods.” Hall led
several others to chase after Tubby. Michael and another individual were able to reach Tubby
first and take him to the hospital. Tubby died at the hospital due to blood loss from the
gunshot wound in his upper arm. Hall disappeared for two days before turning himself in to
the sheriff. The gun was never recovered.
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Rufus testified that he was standing approximately ten feet away from Hall as the
shooting occurred.
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¶5. Investigator Pamela Wade-Smith of the Covington County Sheriff’s Office testified
during both the State’s and the defendant’s cases-in-chief. She had taken photographs of the
crime scene and had obtained multiple witness statements. After the State had rested and
during the defendant’s direct examination of Wade-Smith, defense counsel provided Wade-
Smith with a document(s) referencing witness statements and stated, “If you would please,
ma’am, handle that document. Study it and then I’m going to ask you some questions about
it.” After she complied with his request, defense counsel questioned her about the statements
she had taken from witnesses:
Q: So during the course of your investigation of the matter that occurred
out there on September 16th, did your investigation reveal that there
was another person or persons that had guns in their possession,
brandished guns on such date?
A: We were told that [a man named] Black had a weapon.
Q: And were you told that by more than one eyewitness?
A: I think there was actually two that had said that Black had a weapon.
¶6. After Wade-Smith was tendered for cross-examination, the State sought to have
Wade-Smith read from the document(s) which had been provided to her previously by
defense counsel. The defense objected to the statement as hearsay and the Court sustained
the objection. The State then asked, without objection:
Q: In all the statements and everything and all the witnesses, does anybody
else ever say that somebody else shot “Tubby”?
A: No.
Q: Everyone says that it was Eddie Terrell Hall that shot “Tubby”?
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A: That is correct.
Q: . . . And so your testimony is that no other witnesses came forward to
say that Black or anybody else shot “Tubby”?
A: No, sir. The eyewitnesses did say it was Mr. Terrell Hall, Eddie Terrell
Hall.
Q: Was the only shooter?
A: Yes, sir.
¶7. On redirect, the defense asked the following questions:
Q: So as you’re testifying today, is it your testimony that each and every
person that you talked to said that Eddie Terrell Hall was the shooter?
A: I think some of them were calling him a nickname. I cannot remember
which the nickname was, but, yes, sir.
There was no discrepancy about who the shooter was, only how many
guns were there.
¶8. Hall now appeals his conviction of murder and life sentence.
ANALYSIS
I. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE
ERROR DURING THE JURY-SELECTION PROCESS.
¶9. Hall argues for the first time on appeal that the trial court erred in instructing Juror
Number 1 to act as foreperson, in failing to ask each potential juror if he or she had served
on a jury within the last two years, in failing to require potential jurors to completely fill out
the jury questionnaire prescribed by Mississippi Code Section 13-5-1, and in automatically
dismissing potential jurors who answered in the positive to the question “have any of you
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ever been convicted of a crime that is punishable by imprisonment in this state’s penitentiary,
or any other state’s penitentiary, or in the Federal Court system?”
¶10. Hall has forfeited his right to argue these issues on appeal by failing to object
contemporaneously below. Our rule is well-settled that a defendant’s failure to object bars
that defendant from raising the issue on appeal. See M.R.E. 103(a). “We will not hold a trial
court ‘in error on appeal for a matter not presented to it for decision.’” Moffett v. State, 49
So. 3d 1073, 1101 (Miss. 2010) (internal citation omitted). See Miss. R. Evid. 103(a)(1).
Procedural bar aside, the outcome would be no different.
A. Jury Foreperson
¶11. Hall claims the trial judge violated his “constitutional rights to an impartial jury as
guaranteed him by the Fifth, Fourteenth, and Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution and
by Article 3, Section 26 of the Mississippi Constitution.” Admitting that no contemporaneous
objection was made, Hall asks this Court to consider this error under the plain-error doctrine.
¶12. While Rule 103(a)(1) serves as a bar, if a defendant fails to object, Rule 103(d) also
allows that this Court may take notice of plain errors, if those errors affect a defendant’s
substantial rights. M.R.E. 103(d). For the plain-error doctrine to apply, there must have been
“an error that resulted in a manifest miscarriage of justice or ‘seriously affect[s] the fairness,
integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.’” Brown v. State, 995 So. 2d 698, 703
(Miss. 2008) (quoting United States v. Atkinson, 297 U.S. 157, 160, 56 S. Ct. 391, 80 L. Ed.
555 (1936)). “Prejudice often is lacking when the weight of the evidence against a defendant
is overwhelming.” Moffett v. State, 156 So. 3d 835, 870 (Miss. 2014), reh’g denied (July 31,
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2014) (citations omitted). Two eyewitnesses testified that Hall was the shooter. Given that
the weight of the evidence of Hall’s guilt was overwhelming, we discern no manifest
miscarriage of justice or that the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the judicial
proceeding was seriously affected.
B. Prior Service
¶13. Personal privilege exemptions under Mississippi Code Section 13-5-25 “are not
mandatory and must be asserted by the individual.” Spires v. State, 10 So. 3d 477, 482 (Miss.
2009); Miss. Code Ann. § 13-5-25 (Rev. 2012). Judges also may require jurors who have sat
on a jury within the last two years to serve if there is a lack of potential jurors. Miss. Code
Ann. § 13-5-25.
C. Jury Questionnaire
¶14. The record makes clear that some jurors failed to answer a question related to whether
they previously had sat on a criminal jury, but that omission was corrected by direct
questioning of the venire at voir dire.
D. Prior Convictions
¶15. Mississippi Code Section 13-5-1 requires that jurors be questioned about prior
convictions. Miss. Code Ann. § 13-5-1 (Rev. 2012). The judge asked if anyone had a
conviction resulting in imprisonment. The petit juror’s answer of yes and explanation that
he previously had been convicted of drug violations in federal court fulfilled the requirement
of the statute to dismiss this juror.
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¶16. While the trial court erred in appointing the jury foreperson, we find that the trial court
either did not commit error or cured its error in the remaining jury-selection issues raised by
Hall. None of these four issues can be to shown to have affected the outcome of Hall’s trial.
Catholic Diocese of Natchez-Jackson v. Jaquith, 224 So. 2d 216, 221 (Miss. 1969); Gray
v. State, 799 So. 2d 53, 61 (Miss. 2001); Jefferson v. State, 818 So. 2d 1099,1112 (Miss.
2002).
II. WHETHER HALL RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE
OF COUNSEL.
¶17. To demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show that 1)
counsel’s performance was deficient and 2) that the deficient performance caused prejudice
to the defendant. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed.
674 (1984).
We look at the totality of the circumstances to determine whether counsel’s
efforts were both deficient and prejudicial. There is a strong but rebuttable
presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable
professional assistance. Only where it is reasonably probable that, but for the
attorney’s errors, the outcome would have been different, will we find that
counsel’s performance was deficient.
Dartez v. State, 177 So. 3d 420, 423 (Miss. 2015) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687)). Quite
often, ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are brought during post-conviction
proceedings because of the limitations during a direct appeal to the trial-court record and the
fact that sufficient evidence may not exist within the record to address the claim adequately.
See Archer v. State, 986 So. 2d 951, 955 (Miss. 2008). However, such a claim may be raised
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on direct appeal “if such issues are based on facts fully apparent from the record.” M.R.A.P.
22(b); see also Cage v. State, 149 So. 3d 1038, 1046 (Miss. 2014).2
A. Failure to Object to Hearsay
¶18. Hall argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel due to his counsel’s
failure to object as hearsay to Investigator Wade-Smith’s testimony, quoted supra, which was
elicited during the State’s cross-examination. The State presents two arguments. First, the
testimony of Wade-Smith was not hearsay. In the alternative, the State argues that, if the
testimony was hearsay, Hall was not prejudiced by the specific testimony and cannot meet
the second prong of Strickland. The State’s alternative argument is dispositive.
¶19. During the defendant’s case-in-chief, defense counsel provided Wade-Smith with
nontestifying witness statements before procuring Wade-Smith’s testimony that others had
reported seeing another person with a gun at the scene. Wade-Smith testified that two
individuals had identified a person named Black as also displaying a weapon.
¶20. On cross-examination, the State asked Wade-Smith to read directly from the
documents furnished to her by defendant’s counsel. Defense counsel objected to the
statements being introduced. The trial court refused to allow the witness to read directly from
the statements. The State then asked Wade-Smith, without objection, if during her
investigation any witness had ever come forward stating that someone other than Hall was
2
Hall did not raise the earlier-stated four issues of alleged trial-court error as part of
his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim. Had they been raised, Hall would be unable to
show that he suffered any prejudice, as required by the second prong of Strickland.
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the shooter. She responded that all witnesses from whom she had obtained statements
identified Hall as the shooter.
¶21. Assuming arguendo that this testimony was hearsay, to determine if the attorney’s
failure to object to the testimony was error, we must decide if it is “reasonably probable that,
but for the attorney’s errors, the outcome would have been different. . . .” Dartez, 177 So. 2d
at 423 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687)). Regardless if Black or any other person
exhibited guns, there was no testimony or evidence that anyone other than Hall fired the fatal
shots. Because the overwhelming evidence supported Hall’s conviction, we find that it is not
reasonably probable that, had the complained-of hearsay not been admitted, the outcome
would have been different. Thus, any error in counsel’s failure to object to the hearsay was
harmless, and Hall’s counsel was not ineffective. See Jackson v. State, 645 So. 2d 921, 924
(Miss. 1994) (quoting Newsom v. State, 629 So. 2d 611, 612 (Miss. 1993)) (“[w]e are not
required to reverse a case based solely upon the showing of an error. . . .”).
¶22. Hall also argues that “his constitutional rights guaranteed him by the Sixth
Amendment and Article 3, Section 26 were violated.” In addition to his ineffective-
assistance-of-counsel argument failing, Hall’s constitutional argument also fails.
This Court, in the recent case of Hansen v. State, 592 So. 2d 114 (Miss.1991),
utilized the authority recognized in Chapman [v. State of California, 386 U.S.
18, 87 S. Ct. 824, 17 L. Ed. 2d 705 (1967)] “to hold offenses to certain of an
accused’s constitutional rights do not per se require reversal.” Id. at 135. The
Court in Hansen stated the reviewing court must first objectively examine the
[ . . . ] evidence considered by the jurors in reaching their verdict. The final
analysis is whether:
the force of the evidence presumably considered by the jury in
accordance with the instructions is so overwhelming as to leave
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it beyond a reasonable doubt that the verdict resting on that
evidence would have been the same in the absence of the [rights
violation]. . . . Hansen, 592 So. 2d at 136 (citations omitted).
Taylor v. State, 672 So. 2d 1246, 1267 (Miss. 1996). See also Walker v. State, 913 So. 2d
198, 240 (Miss. 2005). This Court is satisfied that no injustice occurred based upon the
overwhelming evidence of Hall’s guilt.
B. Request for Manslaughter Plea
¶23. Hall argues that his trial attorney was ineffective for requesting a manslaughter plea
when the potential jurors were present in the courtroom. Based upon Hall’s own argument
that “we do not know if Hall’s legal counsel’s statement to the judge was heard by any of the
potential jurors, but if it was heard, then obviously that was extremely prejudicial to Hall,”
this Court cannot find that sufficient evidence exists within the record to address the claim
adequately. See Archer, 986 So. 2d at 955. Therefore, that claim is dismissed without
prejudice, to be raised on post-conviction review if Hall elects to proceed in that manner.
CONCLUSION
¶24. For the reasons stated herein, we affirm Hall’s conviction and sentence.
¶25. CONVICTION OF MURDER AND SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT
IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
AFFIRMED.
WALLER, C.J., LAMAR, KING, COLEMAN, MAXWELL AND BEAM, JJ.,
CONCUR. KITCHENS, J., SPECIALLY CONCURS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN
OPINION JOINED BY WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON, P.J., LAMAR, KING AND
MAXWELL, JJ.; COLEMAN, J., JOINS IN PART. DICKINSON, P.J., CONCURS
IN PART AND IN RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
KITCHENS, JUSTICE, SPECIALLY CONCURRING:
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¶26. The permissive language of Uniform Rule of Circuit and County Court Practice 3.10
grants the trial court discretion with regard to directing the jury to select a foreperson. That
rule provides that “[t]he court may direct the jury to select one of its members to preside over
the deliberations . . . .” URCCC 3.10 (emphasis added). In the case of Ballenger v. State, this
Court spoke to the question of the court’s appointment of a foreperson of a trial jury.
Ballenger v. State, 667 So. 2d 1242, 1258 (Miss. 1995).3 We held that “[i]n the future, trial
judges are advised not to appoint jury foreman. Who is to be the foreman is a decision which
should be made by fellow jurors.” Id. at 1259 (emphasis added). The Court did not say that
error would result from the trial court’s appointment of a jury foreperson; it merely advised
trial judges not to do so.
¶27. This case involves a petit jury. By contrast, in the context of grand jury proceedings,
the trial court is required by rule to appoint a foreperson: “[t]he court shall appoint one
member of the grand jury as foreman, who shall take the oath prescribed in § 13-5-45 of the
Mississippi Code of 1972.” URCCC 7.02 (emphasis added).
¶28. Because this Court’s precedent and its rules, as they now appear, do not prohibit a trial
judge’s selection and appointment of a foreperson for a petit jury, I would hold that the judge
in the instant case committed no error in that regard, harmless or otherwise. I would affirm.
WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON, P.J., LAMAR, KING AND MAXWELL, JJ.,
JOIN THIS OPINION. COLEMAN, J., JOINS THIS OPINION IN PART.
3
This Court subsequently granted post-conviction relief on other grounds. Ballenger
v. State, 761 So. 2d 214 (Miss. 2000).
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