Lee Darreln Nix v. State of Mississippi ( 2007 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2007-KA-02279-SCT
LEE DARRELN NIX
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 01/10/2007
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. STEPHEN B. SIMPSON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: BENJAMIN A. SUBER
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: JEFFREY A. KLINGFUSS
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: CONO A. CARANNA, II
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 02/19/2009
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON AND LAMAR, JJ.
LAMAR, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Lee Darreln Nix was convicted in the Harrison County Circuit Court on two counts:
Count I – touching a child for lustful purposes, and Count II – kidnapping. Nix was
sentenced to ten years for each of the two counts, with the sentences to run consecutively.
Nix now appeals his conviction, asserting that trial counsel was ineffective and that the
verdict was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
¶2. Finding no merit to Nix’s claims, this Court affirms the conviction.
FACTS
¶3. On September 5, 2005, Jane left the Beauvoir Manor apartments at around 9:00 p.m.,
walking home to the Covenant Square apartments.1 Jane, fourteen years old at the time,
frequently made this journey, using the same route that she walked that evening.
¶4. As Jane walked through the parking lot of El Rancho, defendant Nix approached her
in a green vehicle.2 Nix asked Jane if she was the girl who stayed at Covenant Square
apartments, stating that he had seen her before. Because she believed that he may have
known her mother, Jane spoke to Nix. After a brief conversation, Jane continued on her way
to Covenant Square apartments.
¶5. When she turned the corner after walking behind Popeye’s, Jane saw Nix running
across the street toward her. Nix stopped to talk to Jane and asked where she was going.
Jane kept walking toward the apartments, and Nix walked with her. As they walked, Nix
offered to pay Jane if she would let him put his hand up her skirt. Jane told Nix no. Nix then
grabbed Jane by the shirt collar, making a ripping sound, and put his hand up her skirt,
touching her private area.
¶6. Nix continued to hold Jane and begged to stick his hand up Jane’s skirt again, but Jane
refused. Nix took Jane toward a ditch and held her by the wrist while he urinated. As Nix
continued to pull Jane toward the ditch, Jane kicked Nix in the leg and ran to Covenant
Square apartments.
1
This Court uses the fictional name “Jane” in order to protect the victim.
2
Jane identified the man as the defendant, Lee Darreln Nix, in a photo lineup on the
evening of the incident and during her testimony.
2
¶7. Upon reaching the apartments, Jane joined her friends, who were outside, and told
them what had transpired. Jane then saw Nix come out from the other side of a building, and
pointed him out to her friends. Cory Robinson, a friend of Jane’s, chased Nix on foot, and
Nix fled toward Walgreens and Back Yard Burgers. Nix got in his car and drove away from
the scene. As Nix drove away, however, he passed Robinson, and Robinson kicked the rear
passenger side of the car.
¶8. Officer Kit Manning was dispatched to Covenant Square apartments at approximately
8:50 p.m. Officer Manning took Jane’s statement and issued a “be on the lookout” for a
vehicle as described by Jane. A few hours later, a vehicle matching the description was
reported at 1626 Perry Drive, where the officers located and questioned Nix and his
girlfriend, Dianne Mayfield. Officer Manning testified that a footprint was visible on the
vehicle’s right rear quarter panel, consistent with Robinson’s statement.
¶9. While being questioned that night by Manning, Nix stated that he had returned home
that evening sometime between 6 and 6:30 p.m. At trial, Nix testified that on that evening,
he met Angela Fletcher at 6:30 p.m. at Hardy Court Shopping Center in Gulfport. Nix
testified that he arrived home at approximately 8:30 p.m. that evening. Fletcher testified that
she met with Nix, and he left between 7:30 and 8:30 p.m.
¶10. Jane testified that on the date of the incident, Nix, the man who grabbed and touched
her, was wearing a jersey. Robinson testified that the man he chased, whom he identified at
trial as Nix, was wearing a Kobe Bryant Los Angeles Lakers jersey. Mayfield told Officer
Manning that when Nix arrived home at around 8:30 p.m., he was wearing his Kobe Bryant
Los Angeles Lakers jersey.
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ANALYSIS
I. Whether defense counsel’s assistance was ineffective in failing to object to jury
instruction.
¶11. Nix argues that his conviction should be reversed and remanded for a new trial due
to ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically, Nix asserts that trial counsel should have
objected to jury instruction S-1 offered by the prosecution. According to Nix, the jury
instruction contained language that differed from the language of the indictment. Nix claims
that he was prejudiced by counsel’s failure to object and was convicted under a lesser burden
of proof than required by the indictment.
¶12. The United States Supreme Court has held that “the benchmark for judging any claim
of ineffectiveness [of counsel] must be whether counsel’s conduct so undermined the proper
functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced
a just result.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d
674 (1984).3 To determine whether counsel’s conduct undermined the fairness of the
proceedings, the defendant must show that: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2)
the deficient performance deprived him of a fair trial. Stringer v. State, 454 So. 2d 468, 476
(Miss. 1984). If the defendant is not able to make both showings, “it cannot be said that the
conviction . . . resulted from a breakdown in the adversary process that renders the result
unreliable.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687.
3
This Court adopted the Strickland test in Gilliard v. State, 462 So. 2d 710 (Miss.
1985).
4
¶13. Deficiency of the conduct and any resulting prejudicial effect are assessed by looking
at the totality of the circumstances. Hiter v. State, 660 So. 2d 961, 965 (Miss. 1995) (citing
Carney v. State, 525 So. 2d 776, 780 (Miss. 1988)). The right to effective counsel entitles
a defendant to competent counsel, not perfect counsel. Davis v. State, 897 So. 2d 960, 966
(Miss. 2004). A strong but rebuttable presumption exists that counsel’s conduct fell within
the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Hiter, 660 So. 2d at 965. The failure
of counsel to make certain objections may fall within the ambit of trial strategy, and therefore
may not give rise to a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. Bell v. State, 879 So. 2d
423, 440 (Miss. 2004), Cole v. State, 666 So. 2d 767, 777 (Miss. 1995).
¶14. Count I of the grand jury indictment (Touching of a Child for Lustful Purposes) stated
that Nix “ . . . did unlawfully, wilfully and feloniously handle, touch or rub with his hands,
the vagina of [Jane] . . . .” (Emphasis added). The jury instruction offered by the State,
however, differed by stating that Nix “ . . . did unlawfully, wilfully and feloniously handle,
touch or rub with his hands, the body of [Jane] . . . .” (Emphasis added).
¶15. Nix argues that trial counsel should have objected to the jury instruction because it
differed from the language of the indictment. The jury instruction, however, followed the
language of the Mississippi statute under which Nix was charged, which requires that there
be a handling, touching, or rubbing of a child for the purpose of gratifying lust or indulging
depraved licentious sexual desires, regardless of which part of the child’s body is handled,
touched, or rubbed. See Miss. Code. Ann. § 97-5-23(1) (Rev. 2006).
¶16. The first prong of the Strickland test requires counsel’s conduct to be deficient.
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. If the jury instruction offered by the State was not error, then
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counsel’s failure to object could not rise to the level of deficient conduct. The purpose of the
indictment is to give the defendant fair notice of the crime charged. Bell v. State, 360 So.
2d 1206, 1208-1209 (Miss. 1978). This Court has held that, although jury instructions
generally should track the language of indictments, an instruction is not necessarily fatally
defective for failure to do so, so long as the instruction “accurately follow[s] the requisite
elements of the crime.” Duplantis v. State, 708 So. 2d 1327, 1343-1344 (Miss. 1998). A
jury instruction’s variance from the language of the indictment “must be material to
accurately categorize an instruction as error.” Williams v. State, 445 So. 2d 798, 806 (Miss.
1984).
¶17. In Williams, the indictment charged the defendant with taking a money box, a billfold,
and some money. Id. The instruction, however, directed the jury to determine whether the
defendant took the money box, billfold, or anything of value. Id. This Court found that the
jury instruction, although a variance from the indictment, did not constitute error. Id. In
support of its finding, this Court noted that the instruction did not: materially vary from the
charge alleged in the indictment, accuse the defendant of a crime separate and distinct from
that of the indictment, or refer to alleged facts of which the defendant had no notice. Id.
¶18. Applying these factors to the instant case, the differing language of the instruction
should not be characterized as material, since it follows the language of the statute under
which Nix was charged. The instruction did not accuse Nix of any other separate or distinct
crime other than that of the indictment, nor did it refer to facts of which Nix had no notice.
Although the language of the instruction varied from that of the indictment, it was not a
material variance and therefore did not constitute error. As allowing the instruction was not
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error, it cannot be said that trial counsel’s conduct was deficient based on a failure to object
on that basis.
¶19. Even if counsel’s conduct can be viewed as deficient, Nix has not satisfied the second
prong, that the conduct deprived him of a fair trial.
¶20. Nix argues that the language of the jury instruction effectively amended the
indictment, and that he was prejudiced by such amendment. In support of this contention,
Nix cites Quick v. State, 569 So. 2d 1197 (Miss. 1990). In that case, this Court reversed and
remanded the conviction, holding that the jury instructions contained additional language that
amounted to an amendment of the substance of the indictment. Id. at 1200. In Quick, the
defendant was charged in the indictment with “wilfully, unlawfully, feloniously, purposely
and knowingly” committing aggravated assault. Id. at 1198. The jury instruction added
language that provided for a guilty verdict if the jury found that the assault was committed
“recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value to human
life.” Id.
¶21. Quick, however, is easily distinguished from the instant case. In Quick, this Court
held that “though the defendant may have defended against the elements of purposely and
knowingly, he was caught off guard by not having been put on notice that he must also
defend against the element of recklessness.” Id. at 1200. Nix’s defense presented at trial was
that he was not present when the incident occurred and therefore could not have committed
the crime. His defense, if found credible, would have been a complete defense, whether he
was charged with touching the body or touching the vagina. His defense was not affected
7
by the change in language in the jury instruction, and therefore, Nix is unable to show
prejudice that deprived him of a fair trial.
¶22. To pass the Strickland test, Nix must demonstrate that, but for the errors of trial
counsel, there is a reasonable probability that he would have received a different outcome
in the trial. Nicolau v. State, 612 So. 2d 1080, 1086 (Miss. 1992). Nix has not satisfied
either prong of the Strickland test, and therefore, this argument is without merit.
II. Whether the verdict was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
¶23. Nix argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a new trial, as the
guilty verdict returned by the jury is against the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Nix
asserts that the evidence presented could not support a finding that the prosecution had
proved the elements of the offense charged beyond a reasonable doubt.
¶24. The standard of review applied to claims that a conviction is against the overwhelming
weight of the evidence is as follows:
[This Court] must accept as true the evidence which supports the verdict and
will reverse only when convinced that the circuit court has abused its
discretion in failing to grant a new trial. A new trial will not be ordered unless
the verdict is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to
allow it to stand would sanction unconscionable injustice.
Todd v. State, 806 So. 2d 1086, 1090 (Miss. 2001). “There is a presumption that the
judgment of the trial court is correct, and the burden is on the appellant to demonstrate some
reversible error to this Court.” King v. State, 857 So. 2d 702, 731 (Miss. 2003) (citing
Branch v. State, 347 So. 2d 957, 958 (Miss. 1977)).
¶25. A review of the record reveals that evidence supporting the jury’s verdict was
presented throughout the trial. Jane testified as to what transpired that night and identified
8
both Nix and his vehicle. Robinson also identified Nix and testified to what he saw that night
and where he kicked the vehicle. Officer Manning testified that Nix’s vehicle had a footprint
on the rear passenger door, corroborating Robinson’s testimony. Photographs of the vehicle
and footprint were entered into evidence. Jane testified that her assailant was wearing a
jersey, and Robinson testified that Nix was wearing a Kobe Bryant jersey. Mayfield testified
that Nix was wearing a Kobe Bryant jersey when he returned home that evening.
¶26. During his testimony, Nix denied being at the location of the incident on the night in
question. Fletcher corroborated his alibi and testified about their meeting that night. This
testimony, however, merely created an issue of fact for the jury to resolve. “The jury is the
sole judge of the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses.” Mohr v. State,
584 So. 2d 426, 431 (Miss. 1991).4
¶27. The circuit court did not err in denying Nix’s motion for a new trial, as the verdict was
not so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to sanction unconscionable
injustice.
CONCLUSION
¶28. Finding Nix’s arguments to be without merit for the foregoing reasons, this Court
affirms the conviction.
¶29. COUNT I: CONVICTION OF TOUCHING OF A CHILD FOR LUSTFUL
PURPOSES AND SENTENCE OF TEN (10) YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE
MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, AFFIRMED. COUNT II:
CONVICTION OF KIDNAPPING AND SENTENCE OF TEN (10) YEARS IN THE
4
See also Dixon v. State, 519 So. 2d 1226, 1228 (Miss. 1988); Groseclose v. State,
440 So. 2d 297, 300 (Miss. 1983); and Marr v. State, 159 So. 2d 167 (Miss. 1963).
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CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
AFFIRMED. SENTENCES IN COUNTS I AND II SHALL RUN CONSECUTIVELY.
WALLER, C.J., CARLSON AND GRAVES, P.JJ., DICKINSON, RANDOLPH,
KITCHENS, CHANDLER AND PIERCE, JJ., CONCUR.
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