Cornell Stubbs v. State of Mississippi , 220 So. 3d 1014 ( 2017 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-KA-00924-COA
CORNELL STUBBS A/K/A CORNELL LELAND
STUBBS A/K/A CORNELL L. STUBBS APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/03/2015
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROBERT B. HELFRICH
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
BY: BENJAMIN A. SUBER
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: SCOTT STUART
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: PATRICIA A. THOMAS BURCHELL
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: CONVICTED OF BURGLARY OF A
NONDWELLING AND SENTENCED AS A
HABITUAL OFFENDER TO SEVEN YEARS
IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
WITHOUT ELIGIBILITY FOR PROBATION,
PAROLE, OR EARLY RELEASE
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED: 05/23/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., CARLTON AND GREENLEE, JJ.
GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Cornell Stubbs appeals his conviction of burglary of a storage shed. We find no error
and affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. Stubbs and Jonathan Holmes were indicted on the charge of burglary of a building
other than a dwelling pursuant to Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-17-33 (Supp. 2013).
The indictment was subsequently amended to charge Stubbs as a habitual offender pursuant
to Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 (Rev. 2014). The State of Mississippi
proceeded to trial against Stubbs. At the conclusion of voir dire, Stubbs advised the circuit
court that he no longer wanted his attorney to represent him. Following instructions from the
circuit court, Stubbs waived his right to counsel and proceeded to trial self-represented. The
circuit court ordered Stubbs’s trial counsel to remain present to assist, if necessary.
¶3. At trial, the victim, Williams Jones, testified that he was in his yard when he heard a
loud pop come from the direction of his storage shed. Although there was a fence between
Jones and the shed, Jones stated he could see that the top of the door to the shed was open.
Jones looked over the fence and saw a truck backed up to the shed and two men standing at
the entrance of the shed. The two men were later identified as Stubbs and Holmes. Jones
stated he saw Stubbs and Holmes grabbing stuff from inside the shed. When Jones asked
them what they were doing, Stubbs responded that “John Smith” had given them permission
to enter the shed and take the property. Jones then called 911. Stubbs and Holmes
subsequently left in the truck. Shortly thereafter, they were stopped by law enforcement.
¶4. Sergeant Clint Breland located the truck approximately two to three blocks from
Jones’s residence. Breland testified that Stubbs was driving the truck and Holmes was in the
passenger seat. After Breland initiated the traffic stop, he observed a pair of bolt cutters, a
broken lock, and a measuring wheel in the back of the truck.
¶5. Detective Tyson Fairley, the lead investigator on the case, responded to the scene.
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Fairley collected into evidence a large industrial-size bolt cutter, a damaged lock, and a road-
measuring tool, which were found in the back of the subject truck. Fairley subsequently
interviewed Stubbs. During the interview, Stubbs admitted to cutting and/or assisting in
cutting the lock. When Fairley asked Stubbs to give him a description of John Smith, Stubbs
was unable to describe Smith, other than to say that Smith was about the same height as
Stubbs.1 Additionally, Stubbs’s description of the vehicle that Smith was driving changed
throughout the interview. In the beginning of the interview, Stubbs advised that Smith was
driving a truck, but later described Smith’s vehicle as a van. Fairley stated that the measuring
wheel was determined to be Jones’s property and was ultimately returned to Jones.
¶6. In support of his defense, Stubbs called Jonathan Magee and Holmes as witnesses.2
Magee testified that the night before their arrest, Stubbs and Holmes were at his house
working on a remodeling project. Magee gave Stubbs “a draw on the job” in the amount of
$800. After Stubbs and Holmes left his house that night, Magee did not hear from them
again. A couple of days later, Magee learned that Stubbs and Holmes had been arrested. As
a result, Magee posted bail for Stubbs and Holmes. Stubbs and Holmes then finished the job
at Magee’s house. Magee testified that Stubbs and Holmes had worked at his house alone
numerous times and had never stolen anything. On cross-examination, Magee acknowledged
that he was not with Stubbs or Holmes on the day of the alleged burglary and did not know
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Stubbs was unable to advise Fairley of Smith’s race, age, hair color, or whether
Smith had a beard, mustache, or any other physical attribute.
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The record shows that Holmes, the codefendant, was represented by counsel and had
been advised of his rights and the potential dangers of testifying on behalf of Stubbs.
Despite this, Holmes elected to testify.
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what Stubbs or Holmes did that day.
¶7. Holmes testified that on the morning of the incident, he and Stubbs were driving in
their truck and saw a man, later identified as John Smith, in front of a storage shed who
looked like he was struggling. Holmes asked Smith if he needed help, to which Smith
replied, “yeah, man, I need some help.” As a result, Holmes got out of the truck, and Stubbs
backed up the truck to the shed, popped the lock, and opened the door to the shed. As the
door opened, a measuring wheel fell out of the shed. According to Holmes, Smith said they
could take the measuring wheel. Stubbs then picked up the measuring wheel and threw it in
the back of the truck.
¶8. Holmes stated that Smith subsequently left to get his truck and trailer. Approximately
thirty-five seconds later, Jones came out and asked Holmes and Stubbs what they were doing.
Stubbs explained to Jones that it was a mistake, and that he would pay for the broken lock.
Stubbs attempted to explain to Jones that Smith would be right back. However, Jones
interrupted Stubbs and advised that he was “going to [his] gate” and would “be back.”
Stubbs decided not to wait for Jones to come back, and he and Holmes left in their truck.
¶9. On cross-examination, Holmes described Smith as a thirty-eight- to thirty-nine-year-
old Caucasian, who was about six feet tall, with a beard. Holmes stated Smith was driving
a car, not a truck, but could not recall the color of the car. On redirect, Holmes changed his
testimony and stated that Stubbs did not pop the lock, nor did Stubbs go near the shed other
than to look in it. Additionally, Holmes claimed that Stubbs did not steal anything from the
shed.
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¶10. Stubbs was found guilty of burglary and sentenced, as a habitual offender, to serve
seven years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Stubbs filed a
motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, a new trial, which
the circuit court denied. Stubbs now appeals and argues: (1) the verdict was against the
overwhelming weight of the evidence, (2) the circuit court erroneously failed to continue the
trial after he fired his counsel, and (3) he was denied his fundamental right to a preliminary
hearing.
ANALYSIS
I. The Weight of the Evidence
¶11. Stubbs first argues the verdict was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence
and, as a result, he is entitled to a new trial. Stubbs does not explain how the verdict was
against the overwhelming weight of the evidence, nor does he cite any authority in support
of his position, other than this Court’s standard of review. Instead, Stubbs simply argues that
when one looks at the facts as presented, “[his] story seems plausible.” We disagree and find
the evidence supports the verdict.
¶12. “When reviewing a denial of a motion for [a] new trial based on an objection to the
weight of the evidence, we will only disturb a verdict when it is so contrary to the
overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an
unconscionable injustice.” Bush v. State, 895 So. 2d 836, 844 (¶18) (Miss. 2005). The
evidence is weighed in the light most favorable to the verdict. Id.
¶13. Burglary of a nondwelling consists of the breaking and entering of a building, in
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which any goods, merchandise, equipment, or valuable thing is kept for use, sale, deposit,
or transportation, with the intent to steal therein, or to commit any felony. Gales v. State, 131
So. 3d 1238, 1240 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (citing Miss. Code Ann. § 97-17-33(1)). “The
slightest physical entry into the previously secure enclosure is sufficient to satisfy the
‘entering’ component of a burglary.” Ramer v. State, 156 So. 3d 919, 923 (¶12) (Miss. Ct.
App. 2014) (quoting Henderson v. State, 756 So. 2d 811, 813 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2000)).
¶14. The testimony shows Stubbs popped the lock to the shed using bolt cutters, opened
the door to the shed, picked up the measuring wheel that had fallen out of the shed, and put
the measuring wheel in his truck. The measuring wheel and the damaged lock, both of which
were owned by Jones, were found in Stubbs’s truck.
¶15. Although Holmes testified that he and Stubbs were simply helping Smith, and had
permission from Smith to take the measuring wheel from the shed, the jury rejected this
testimony. “[T]he jury is the judge of the weight and credibility of testimony and is free to
accept or reject all or some of the testimony given by each witness.” Lewis v. State, 110 So.
3d 814, 817 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting Meshell v. State, 506 So. 2d 989, 992 (Miss.
1987)). The jury heard testimony from Jones and Holmes, and therefore heard both versions
of the story. Although Stubbs claims his story is plausible, the jury determined otherwise.
¶16. Having considered the evidence, we do not find the verdict to be so contrary to the
overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow the verdict to stand would sanction an
unconscionable injustice. Accordingly, we find the circuit court’s denial of Stubbs’s motion
for a new trial was proper.
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II. Trial Continuance
¶17. Stubbs next argues he was “forced” to go to trial after terminating his counsel. Stubbs
claims the circuit court should have continued the trial. We find this assignment of error is
procedurally barred.
¶18. Stubbs failed to provide authority and support for this assignment of error. “It is the
duty of an appellant to provide authority and support of an assignment of error.” Wilcher v.
State, 863 So. 2d 776, 811 (¶102) (Miss. 2003). Because Stubbs has failed to provide
authority to support his assignment of error, this issue is procedurally barred. Id.
¶19. Procedural bar notwithstanding, we find Stubbs’s claim fails. According to Stubbs,
his attorney “did not adequately respect his wishes to have certain witnesses present to aid
in his defense.” However, the record shows Stubbs’s witnesses were present and testified
on his behalf. Thus, Stubbs was allowed to put on evidence in support of his defense.
Importantly, Stubbs never moved for a continuance. Instead, as acknowledged by Stubbs in
his brief to this Court, Stubbs “insisted on representing himself.”
¶20. “The decision to grant or deny a continuance is left to the sound discretion of the
[circuit] court.” Moore v. State, 873 So. 2d 129, 131 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2004). While a
defendant has the right to counsel, “the right to choose counsel is not absolute” and “must
not be abused or manipulated in such a way as to ‘thwart the progress of a trial.’” Id. at
(¶10).
¶21. Upon review, we find no abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s failure to continue
the trial.
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III. Preliminary Hearing
¶22. In his pro se supplemental brief, Stubbs argues his “fundamental constitutional right
to a serious preliminary hearing” was denied. Stubbs claims his attorney forged Stubbs’s
name on the waiver of preliminary hearing, which “hindered his right to present a defense
in calling witnesses in his favor.” Stubbs asserts that pursuant to “Rules 1.04 and 1.07,” he
could have produced and cross-examined certain witnesses during his preliminary hearing
to show that no probable cause existed for his arrest.
¶23. We find no support for Stubbs’s claim that his signature was forged. Moreover, the
authority upon which Stubbs relies has been superceded.
¶24. The purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine probable cause and the
conditions for release, if any. URCCC 6.04. If from the evidence it appears that there is
probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed, and that the defendant
committed it, the defendant is bound over to await action of the grand jury. Id. If no
probable cause exists, the defendant is discharged from custody. Id.
¶25. In support of his claim, Stubbs relies on Uniform Criminal Rules of Circuit Court
Practice 1.04 and 1.07. Under Rules 1.04 and 1.07, at the preliminary hearing, a defendant
was allowed to produce witnesses on his behalf and to cross-examine witnesses against him.
However, on May 1, 1995, Uniform Criminal Rules of Circuit Court Practice 1.04 and 1.07
were superceded by Uniform Rules of Circuit and County Court 6.04 and 6.05. Pursuant to
Rules 6.04 and 6.05, a defendant no longer has the right to call or cross-examine witnesses
during the preliminary hearing.
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¶26. Had a preliminary hearing occurred, Rules 6.04 and 6.05 would have applied. Thus,
Stubbs would not have had the right to call and/or cross-examine witnesses at the preliminary
hearing. Accordingly, Stubbs’s claim of a “hindered” defense is without merit.
¶27. We find Stubbs’s claim fails as there is no evidence of forgery, and Rules 6.04 and
6.05 control.
¶28. THE JUDGMENT OF THE FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF
CONVICTION OF BURGLARY OF A NONDWELLING AND SENTENCE AS A
HABITUAL OFFENDER OF SEVEN YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE
MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, WITHOUT ELIGIBILITY FOR
PROBATION, PAROLE, OR EARLY RELEASE, IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF
THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO FORREST COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., IRVING, P.J., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON,
GREENLEE AND WESTBROOKS, JJ., CONCUR.
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